📚 IGCSE CAIE Law: Vocabulary Terms Quick-Memorisation Guide | IGCSE CAIE 法律：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering legal vocabulary is the first step to success in IGCSE CAIE Law. Many exam questions test your ability to use precise legal terms accurately. This guide groups key terms by topic and gives memory hooks to help you recall them quickly under exam pressure.
掌握法律词汇是 IGCSE CAIE 法律成功的第一步。许多考题考查你是否能准确使用精准的法律术语。本指南按主题分类关键术语并提供记忆钩子，帮助你在考试压力下快速回忆。
1. Sources and Nature of Law | 法律渊源与性质
Understanding where law comes from helps you explain why rules are binding and how they develop. These terms underpin almost every essay question on the nature of law.
理解法律的来源有助于解释规则为何具有约束力以及它们如何发展。这些术语几乎是每道关于法律性质论述题的基础。
Common law - judge-made law developed through decided cases in courts. Memory tip: 'common' = shared by all courts.
普通法 - 法官通过法院判决所创制的法律。 记忆：'common' 有共同、普遍之意。
Statute law - law made by Parliament or an authorised body, also called legislation. Memory tip: statute = written rule.
成文法 - 由议会或授权机构制定的法律，也称立法。 记忆：statute 可联想为写下的规则。
Equity - a body of rules that supplements common law to achieve fairness. Memory tip: equity = equal/fair.
衡平法 - 为达到公平而补充普通法的一套规则。 记忆：equity 类似 equality（平等）。
Precedent - a previous court decision that must be followed by lower courts. Memory tip: 'pre' = before, 'cedent' = go.
先例 - 下级法院必须遵循的先前法院判决。 记忆：'pre' 前，'cedent' 行走，即先前走过之路。
Ratio decidendi - the legal reason for a court's decision, which forms the binding part of a precedent. Memory tip: ratio = reason.
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