📚 Core Knowledge Checklist for Cambridge IGCSE Music | IGCSE 剑桥音乐核心知识点梳理
Cambridge IGCSE Music tests listening, performing and composing in equal depth. This revision guide pulls together the core knowledge you need for the listening paper: musical elements, instruments, world music, Western style periods, forms and exam terminology.
剑桥 IGCSE 音乐在听力、演奏和作曲三个部分均衡考查。这份复习指南整理了听力卷必需的核心知识：音乐要素、乐器、世界音乐、西方风格时期、曲式以及考试术语。
1. Listening Paper Overview and Assessment Objectives | 听力卷概览与评估目标
The listening paper is usually worth 40% of the total IGCSE Music mark. It contains questions on unprepared extracts, score reading, world music, Western music history and general musicianship.
听力卷通常占 IGCSE 音乐总分的 40%。题目涉及陌生音乐片段、乐谱阅读、世界音乐、西方音乐史和综合音乐素养。
Questions often ask you to identify instruments, describe tempo and dynamics, name textures, recognise periods or styles, and comment on how musical elements create a mood.
题目经常要求你识别乐器、描述速度和力度、说出织体、判断时期或风格，并评论音乐要素如何营造情绪。
Performing and composing are coursework components, each worth 30%. They require a solo and ensemble performance plus two contrasting compositions.
演奏和作曲属于课程作业，各占 30%。它们要求一次独奏和一次合奏，以及两首对比鲜明的作品。
2. The Elements of Music | 音乐要素
The main elements are pitch, rhythm, tempo, dynamics, articulation, texture, timbre, harmony, tonality and form. Cambridge questions use this vocabulary as a checklist.
主要要素包括音高、节奏、速度、力度、奏法、织体、音色、和声、调性和曲式。剑桥考题以这些术语为检查清单。
A strong answer always links the element to the effect. For example, a rising pitch sequence can increase tension, while a sudden drop to piano can create intimacy or surprise.
高分答案总是把要素与效果联系起来。例如，上行音高模进可以增强紧张感，而突弱到 piano 可营造亲密感或意外感。
Keep a glossary table for each element and add new words every time you hear an unfamiliar extract. This builds the precise vocabulary examiners expect.
为每个要素建立术语表，每听到一段不熟悉的音乐就补充新词。这能积累考官期望的准确词汇。
3. Pitch, Melody and Intervals | 音高、旋律与音程
Pitch refers to how high or low a note sounds. Melody is a sequence of pitches organised into a meaningful line, usually supported by an accompaniment.
音高指音符听起来的相对高低。旋律是按照一定顺序组织的音高线条，通常由伴奏支撑。
You should recognise melodic movement: stepwise, also called conjunct, leaping, also called disjunct, ascending, descending, scalic, arpeggiated and repeated notes.
你应能识别旋律进行：级进、跳进、上行、下行、音阶式、琶音式和同音反复。
Common interval types in IGCSE listening are unison, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and octave. Perfect intervals are unison, fourth, fifth and octave; major and minor intervals apply to seconds, thirds, sixths and sevenths.
IGCSE 听力中常见音程包括同度、二度、三度、四度、五度、六度、七度和八度。纯音程包括同度、四度、五度和八度；大、小音程适用于二度、三度、六度和七度。
If a tune moves mainly by step, it is probably conjunct and song-like. If it jumps a sixth or seventh, it is disjunct and often dramatic or instrumental in character.
如果旋律主要级进，通常具有歌唱性。如果跳进六度或七度，就是跳进，往往具有戏剧性或器乐化特点。
4. Rhythm, Metre and Tempo | 节奏、拍号与速度
Rhythm is the pattern of long and short note values. Metre is the recurring grouping of beats: simple, compound, duple, triple or quadruple time.
节奏是长短音符的组合方式。拍号是节拍的分组：单拍子、复拍子、二拍子、三拍子或四拍子。
Simple time divides the beat into two equal parts, as in 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4. Compound time divides the beat into three equal parts, as in 6/8, 9/8 and 12/8.
单拍子把每拍均分为两部分，如 2/4、3/4 和 4/4。复拍子把每拍均分为三部分，如 6/8、9/8 和 12/8。
Syncopation places emphasis on a normally weak beat or off-beat. Dotted rhythms and triplets also create distinctive energy; an ostinato is a repeated rhythmic pattern.
切分音把重音放在通常的弱拍或弱位上。附点节奏和三
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