IGCSE WJEC Geography: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | IGCSE WJEC 地理：公式定理速查手册

2026-08-28 18:13 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 IGCSE WJEC Geography: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | IGCSE WJEC 地理：公式定理速查手册

In IGCSE WJEC Geography, many exam questions require accurate calculation, interpretation or application of key geographical formulas. This quick reference handbook brings together the essential quantitative skills for map work, population, rivers, coasts, weather and fieldwork. Use it alongside past papers and case studies to secure high marks in Paper 1, Paper 2 and the fieldwork investigation.

在 IGCSE WJEC 地理考试中，很多题目要求你准确计算、解释或应用关键地理公式。本速查手册汇集了地图技能、人口、河流、海岸、天气和田野调查所需的核心定量技能。配合历年真题和案例复习，可以帮助你在卷一、卷二及实地考察中稳拿高分。

1. Map Scale and Distance | 地图比例尺与距离

On a topographic map, scale tells you how many ground units are represented by one map unit. The three common forms are statement scale, linear scale and representative fraction (RF).

Scale = Map distance ÷ Ground distance

在地形图上，比例尺表示一个地图单位代表多少个实际地面单位。比例尺的三种常见形式是文字式、直线式和数字比例尺（RF）。两种距离必须使用相同单位。

To convert a map measurement to real ground distance, multiply by the scale denominator after changing all units to centimetres.

Ground distance = Map distance × Scale denominator

要把图上距离换算为实际地面距离，先将所有单位统一为厘米，再乘以比例尺分母。

0,000 and the map distance is 4 cm, the ground distance is 4 × 50,000 = 200,000 cm = 2 km.

1:50,000 ⇒ 4 cm × 50,000 = 200,000 cm = 2 km

例如，如果比例尺为 1:50 000，图上距离为 4 厘米，则地面距离 = 4 × 50 000 = 200 000 厘米 = 2 千米。

2. Area and Gradient | 面积与坡度

Area calculations are needed for land use maps and drainage basin studies. For regular rectangles, use length times width. For irregular shapes, count whole grid squares and estimate partial squares.

Area = Length × Width

面积计算用于土地利用图和流域研究。规则矩形用长乘宽；不规则图形则统计完整方格数并估算部分方格。

Gradient measures the steepness of a slope. It is the vertical rise divided by horizontal run, usually stated as a ratio 1:R. A larger R value means a gentler slope.

Gradient = Rise ÷ Run; R = Run ÷ Rise

坡度表示斜坡的陡峭程度，等于垂直升高除以水平距离，通常表示为 1:R 的比率。R 值越大，坡度越缓。

Percent slope is often used on road and cliff profiles to describe steepness as a percentage.

Slope % = (Rise ÷ Run) × 100

百分比坡度常用于道路和海岸剖面，把陡峭程度表示为百分数。例如升高 10 米、水平距离 200 米，坡度 = (10 ÷ 200) × 100% = 5%。

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