📚 AQA A-Level Chemistry June 2018 Insert 4: Using Spectroscopic Data | AQA A-level 化学 2018年6月 插入资料4：光谱数据运用
The June 2018 AQA A-level Chemistry Data Booklet Insert 4 provides essential reference tables for infrared absorption and NMR chemical shifts. Understanding how to read these tables is crucial for Papers 2 and 3, where spectroscopy questions regularly account for 10–20 marks. This article explains each table, typical values, and how to apply them under timed conditions.
2018年6月AQA A-level化学数据手册插入材料4提供了红外吸收和核磁共振化学位移的重要参考表。掌握这些表格的用法对试卷2和试卷3至关重要，光谱题通常占10–20分。本文逐一讲解各表、典型数值以及如何在规定时间内运用。
1. What Is Insert 4? | 什么是插入材料4
Insert 4 in the June 2018 AQA A-level Chemistry insert includes the spectroscopic data tables: infrared absorption bands, ¹H NMR chemical shifts, and ¹³C NMR chemical shifts. These tables are supplied in the exam so you do not need to memorise every number, but you must be able to interpret them quickly. The most common mistake is trying to recall values from memory instead of reading the table carefully.
2018年6月AQA A-level化学插入材料4包括光谱数据表：红外吸收带、¹H NMR化学位移和¹³C NMR化学位移。考试提供这些表格，因此不需要记住每个数值，但必须能够快速解读。最常见错误是试图凭记忆回忆数值，而没有仔细阅读表格。
2. Infrared Absorption: Key Bonds | 红外吸收：关键键
table in Insert 4 lists characteristic wavenumber ranges in cm⁻¹ for common bonds. Broad O–H absorptions appear at 2500–3300 cm⁻¹, sharp C=O at 1680–1750 cm⁻¹, and C–O at 1000– up present but not the full structure. Always quote the range and the bond when answering.
插入材料4中的红外表列出了常见键的特征波数范围，单位为cm⁻¹。宽O–H吸收出现在2500–3300 cm⁻¹，尖的C=O在1680–1750 cm⁻¹，C–O在1000–1300 cm⁻¹。这些范围只能说明存在的官能团，不能确定完整结构。答题时始终引用范围和键。
| Bond | Range / cm⁻¹ | Comment |
| O–H (alcohol, acid) | 2500–3300 | Very broad |
| C=O | 1680–1750 | Strong, sharp |
| C–O | 1000–1300 | Strong |
| N–H (amine) | 3300–3500 | One or two bands |
3. IR: Functional Group Identification | 红外：官能团识别
A carboxylic acid gives both a very broad O–H and a C=O absorption, while an ester gives C=O and C–O but no O–H. Primary amines show two N–H stretches around 3300–3500 cm⁻¹. Use the table to eliminate candidates rather than to prove identity.
羧酸同时出现非常宽的O–H和C=O吸收，而酯只有C=O和C–O，没有O–H。伯胺在3300–3500 cm⁻¹附近显示两个N–H伸缩振动。要利用表格排除候选物，而不是证明身份。
- Carboxylic acid: broad O–H + C=O + C–O
- Ester: C=O + C–O, no O–H
- Primary amine: two N–H peaks
- Secondary amine: one N–H peak
- Ketone/aldehyde: C=O only
羧酸：宽O–H + C=O + C–O；酯：C=O + C–O，无O–H；伯胺：两个N–H峰；仲胺：一个N–H峰；酮/醛：仅C=O。
4. ¹H NMR Chemical Shifts | ¹H NMR化学位移
The ¹H NMR table gives δ values relative to TMS. Protons in CH₃–O groups appear at 3.3–3.7 ppm, protons next to C=O at 2.0–2.5 ppm, and aromatic protons at 6.9–8.1 ppm. Always quote δ to one decimal place and link the
Published by TutorHao | Exam Prep Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图