📚 AQA A-Level Chemistry June 2022 Insert 5: Using the Data Booklet | AQA A Level化学2022年6月Insert 5：数据手册应用指南
For the June 2022 AQA A-level Chemistry series, Insert 5 is the data booklet insert provided in the exam room for Papers 1, 2 and 3. It brings together the essential reference tables you need to answer quantitative, structure and analysis questions accurately.
在2022年6月AQA A Level化学考试系列中，Insert 5是考试室中为Paper 1、Paper 2和Paper 3提供的数据手册插页。它汇总了你在解答定量、结构和分析题时需要的核心参考表格。
This article unpacks the key sections of Insert 5 and shows you how to apply the data under timed conditions, with a focus on common pitfalls and high-yield exam strategies.
本文将拆解Insert 5的关键部分，并展示如何在限时条件下应用这些数据，重点讲解常见失分点和高分考试策略。
1. What Is Insert 5 and Why It Matters | 什么是Insert 5以及它的重要性
Insert 5 in the June 2022 AQA A-level Chemistry examination is not a question paper but a data booklet insert containing reference tables such as the periodic table, infrared absorption frequencies, proton and carbon-13 NMR chemical shifts, thermodynamic data and electrode potentials.
2022年6月AQA A Level化学考试中的Insert 5不是试卷，而是一份数据手册插页，其中包含元素周期表、红外吸收频率、质子和碳-13核磁共振化学位移、热力学数据以及电极电势等参考表。
Candidates are not expected to memorise all these values. Instead, the exam rewards the skill of selecting the correct value, substituting it into a formula and interpreting the result in context.
考生不需要记住所有这些数值。相反，考试考查的是选择正确数值、代入公式并结合题目情境解释结果的技能。
Using Insert 5 efficiently can save several minutes in Paper 1, Paper 2 and Paper 3, and it reduces recall errors in high-stakes calculations and spectral identification.
高效使用Insert 5可以在Paper 1、Paper 2和Paper 3中节省数分钟时间，并在重要的计算和光谱鉴定中减少记忆错误。
- Periodic table - relative atomic masses and atomic numbers. 元素周期表——相对原子质量和原子序数。
- Infrared absorption data - characteristic wavenumber ranges for common bonds. 红外吸收数据——常见化学键的特征波数范围。
- NMR chemical shift data - proton and carbon-13 environments. 核磁共振化学位移数据——质子和碳-13环境。
- Thermodynamic values - enthalpy, entropy and electrode potential data. 热力学数值——焓、熵和电极电势数据。
- Acid-base constants - Ka and pKa values for weak acids. 酸碱常数——弱酸的Ka和pKa数值。
2. Periodic Table and Atomic Trends | 元素周期表与原子趋势
The Insert 5 periodic table gives each element's symbol, atomic number and relative atomic mass, usually to one decimal place. These masses are essential for mole calculations throughout the specification.
Insert 5中的元素周期表给出了每种元素的符号、原子序数和相对原子质量，通常精确到小数点后一位。这些质量值是整个课程大纲中摩尔计算的基础。
When calculating molar masses for compounds such as hydrated salts or transition metal complexes, always use the values printed in the insert rather than rounded whole numbers from memory.
在计算水合盐或过渡金属配合物等化合物的摩尔质量时，务必使用插页中印刷的数值，而不是记忆中四舍五入后的整数。
The position of an element in the periodic table also allows you to rationalise trends in atomic radius, first ionisation energy and electronegativity without needing separate data tables.
元素在周期表中的位置还可以帮助你解释原子半径、第一电离能和电负性的变化趋势，而无需单独的数据表。
For example, across Period 3, atomic radius decreases because nuclear charge increases while shielding remains roughly constant. Down Group 2, ionisation energy decreases because outer electrons are further from the nucleus and more shielded.
例如，在第三周期中，原子半径从左到右逐渐减小，因为核电荷增加而屏蔽效应大致不变。沿第2族向下，电离能降低，因为外层电子离核更远且屏蔽更强。
3. Infrared Absorption Frequencies | 红外吸收频率
The infrared table in Insert 5 lists characteristic absorption ranges for common bonds in organic molecules. Each bond absorbs infrared radiation at a characteristic wavenumber, measured in cm⁻¹.
Insert 5中的红外表列出了有机分子中常见化学键的特征吸收范围。每个化学键在特征波数处吸收红外辐射，波数单位为cm⁻¹。
the strong C=O stretch in carbonyl compounds, and the C-O stretch in esters and alcohols.
对AQA试题最常用的吸收通常是醇和羧酸中宽而强的O-H伸缩振动、羰基化合物中强的C=O伸缩振动，以及酯和醇中的C-O伸缩振动。
| Bond | Wavenumber range / cm⁻¹ | Notes |
| O-H (alcohols) | 3200-3550 | Broad and strong |
| O-H (acids) | 2500-3000 | Very broad, overlaps C-H |
| N-H | 3300-3500 | Medium, sharp |
| C=O | 1680-1750 | Strong, sharp |
| C-O | 1000-1300 | Often in esters and alcohols |
| C=C | 1620-1690 | Weaker than C=O |
In an IR interpretation question, first check for a carbonyl peak near 1700 cm⁻¹. If it is absent, the molecule is unlikely to be an aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid or ester.
在红外光谱解析题中，首先检查1700 cm⁻¹附近是否有羰基峰。如果没有，该分子不太可能是醛、酮、羧酸或酯。
ith a C=O peak, the compound is probably a carboxylic acid rather than an ester or ketone.
如果在2500至3000 cm⁻¹之间出现了非常宽的吸收峰，并同时存在C=O峰，则该化合物很可能是羧酸，而不是酯或酮。
4. Proton NMR Chemical Shift Data | 质子核磁共振化学位移数据
The proton NMR table in Insert 5 gives the chemical shift ranges, δ, for protons in different chemical environments. These values are crucial for matching the signals on a proton NMR spectrum to the correct hydrogen atoms.
Insert 5中的质子核磁共振表给出了不同化学环境中质子的化学位移范围δ。这些数值对于将质子NMR谱图中的信号与正确的氢原子进行匹配至关重要。
-H protons appear around 0.7-1.2 ppm, while O=C-H aldehyde protons appear at 9.0-10.0 ppm.
AQA数据表根据碳上连接的原子或基团对质子进行分类。例如，C-H质子出现在约0.7-1.2 ppm，而O=C-H醛基质子出现在9.0-10.0 ppm。
| Proton environment | Approximate δ / ppm |
| C-H (alkyl) | 0.7-1.2 |
| C-C-H | 1.2-1.6 |
| C-O-H | 3.0-4.5 |
| O=C-H (aldehyde) | 9.0-10.0 |
| O=C-O-H (acid) | 10.0-12.0 |
| Aromatic H | 6.0-8.5 |
Do not rely on chemical shift alone. Integration tells you the relative number of protons in each environment, while spin-spin splitting tells you how many non-equivalent protons are on adjacent carbon atoms.
不要只依赖化学位移。积分可以告诉你每个环境中质子的相对数量，而自旋-自旋裂分可以告诉你相邻碳原子上有多少个非等效质子。
For example, a triplet at δ1.1 ppm integrating to 3H is typical of a CH₃ group next to a CH₂ group. A quartet at δ2.5 ppm integrating to 2H is typical of a CH₂ group next to a CH₃ group.
例如，δ1.1 ppm处的三重峰积分为3H，这通常是CH₃基团与相邻CH₂基团的特征。δ2.5 ppm处的四重峰积分为2H，这通常是CH₂基团与相邻CH₃基团的特征。
The O-H and N-H proton signals can be broad and variable; in some questions, adding D₂O removes these peaks because exchangeable protons are replaced by deuterium.
O-H和N-H的质子信号可能较宽且位置可变；在某些题目中，加入D₂O可以去除这些峰，因为可交换质子被氘取代。
5. Carbon-13 NMR Data | 碳-13核磁共振数据
Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy gives one signal for each non-equivalent carbon environment in a molecule. Insert 5 provides chemical shift ranges that allow you to classify each carbon atom type.
碳-13核磁共振波谱为分子中每个非等效碳环境给出一个信号。Insert 5提供了化学位移范围，使你能够对每个碳原子类型进行分类。
Aliphatic carbons usually appear between 5 and 40 ppm. Carbons attached to oxygen or nitrogen appear at higher values, typically 50-90 ppm for C-O and 30-65 ppm for C-N.
脂肪族碳通常出现在5至40 ppm之间。与氧或氮相连的碳出现在较高数值处，C-O通常在50-90 ppm，C-N通常在30-65 ppm。
The carbonyl carbon of esters and acids appears around 160-190 ppm, while the carbonyl carbon of ketones and aldehydes appears even further downfield at 190-220 ppm.
酯和酸的羰基碳出现在约160-190 ppm，而酮和醛的羰基碳出现在更低场处，为190-220 ppm。
| Carbon environment | Approximate δ
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