📚 Oxford International Primary Computing Student Book 3: Core Skills and Practice | 牛津国际小学计算机第三册：核心技能与实践
This revision guide covers the key skills and knowledge from Oxford International Primary Computing Student Book 3. It is designed for learners who are building confidence with digital devices, internet safety, word processing, spreadsheets, block programming, and computational thinking. Each section below introduces a core topic with simple explanations and practical examples that can be used for classroom review or independent study.
本复习指南涵盖了《牛津国际小学计算机第三册》中的关键技能和知识。它专为正在建立数字设备、网络安全、文字处理、电子表格、积木编程和计算思维自信心的学习者设计。以下每一节介绍一个核心主题，并提供简单的解释和实用示例，可用于课堂复习或独立学习。
1. Digital Devices and Their Uses | 数字设备及其用途
In Student Book 3, learners identify common digital devices such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, and interactive whiteboards. They explore how each device helps people learn, work, and communicate. A key idea is that a digital device processes data electronically, which means it takes in information, changes it, and then gives an output.
在第三册中，学生认识笔记本电脑、平板电脑、智能手机和交互式白板等常见数字设备。他们探索每种设备如何帮助人们学习、工作和交流。一个关键概念是数字设备以电子方式处理数据，这意味着它接收信息、改变信息，然后给出输出。
- Laptop - typing reports and researching online | 笔记本电脑 - 输入报告和在线研究
- Tablet - drawing, reading, and playing learning games | 平板电脑 - 绘画、阅读和玩学习游戏
- Smartphone - making calls, taking photos, and sending messages | 智能手机 - 打电话、拍照和发送信息
- Interactive whiteboard - showing lessons to a whole class | 交互式白板 - 向全班展示课程
2. Input, Output, and Storage | 输入、输出与存储
This chapter builds important hardware vocabulary. Input devices send data into a computer; output devices show or play results; storage devices keep files for later use. Being able to sort devices into these three groups helps learners understand how a computer system works as a whole.
本章构建重要的硬件词汇。输入设备将数据送入计算机；输出设备显示或播放结果；存储设备保存文件供以后使用。能够将设备分为这三类有助于学习者理解计算机系统作为一个整体是如何工作的。
| Device | 设备 | Type | 类型 | Example use | 示例用途 |
|---|---|---|
| Keyboard | 键盘 | Input | 输入 | Typing text into a document | 在文档中输入文字 |
| Monitor | 显示器 | Output | 输出 | Showing images and videos | 显示图像和视频 |
| USB drive | U盘 | Storage | 存储 | Saving and moving project files | 保存和移动项目文件 |
3. Staying Safe Online | 安全上网
Students learn the SMART rules for internet safety: Safe, Meeting, Accepting, Reliable, Tell. They practise keeping personal information private and always asking an adult when they are unsure. The aim is to build responsible habits that protect both the learner and their family.
学生学习互联网安全 SMART 规则：安全、见面、接受、可靠、告知。他们练习保护个人信息隐私，遇到不确定时始终询问成人。目标是培养负责任的上网习惯，保护学习者及其家人。
- Safe - keep your name, address, and password private | 安全 - 保护你的姓名、地址和密码隐私
- Meeting - never meet an online friend alone | 见面 - 绝不要独自见网友
- Accepting - do not open unknown emails or files | 接受 - 不要打开未知的电子邮件或文件
- Reliable - check information on trusted websites | 可靠 - 在可信网站上查证信息
- Tell - tell an adult if something feels wrong | 告知 - 如果感觉不对就告诉成人
4. Creating and Formatting Documents | 创建和格式化文档
Word processing tasks include typing, selecting, and changing font size, colour, and alignment. Students learn to save and open files with clear names so that work can be found again. They also practise using bold, italic, and underline to make important words stand out.
文字处理任务包括输入、选择以及更改字体大小、颜色和对齐方式。学生学会用清晰的文件名保存和打开文件，以便再次找到作业。他们还练习使用粗体、斜体和下划线使重要词语更加醒目。
- Type a title and centre it | 输入标题并将其居中
- Change font size from 12 to 16 | 将字体大小从 12 改为 16
- Use bold for headings and italic for book titles | 标题使用粗体，书名使用斜体
- Save the file as 'My Poster - Name' | 将文件保存为 '我的海报 - 姓名'
5. Working with Images | 图像处理
Pupils use paint tools and image editors to create and modify pictures. They practise cropping, rotating, and resizing images to fit a purpose, such as a poster or a story. This helps them understand that images are digital files that can be edited without losing the original if they save a copy.
学生使用绘图工具和图像编辑器创建和修改图片。他们练习裁剪、旋转和调整图像大小，以适应海报或故事等用途。这帮助他们理解图像是可以编辑的数字文件，如果保存副本，就不会丢失原始文件。
- Open an image from the computer | 从计算机打开一张图像
- Crop the edges to focus on one part | 裁剪边缘以聚焦于某一部分
- Rotate 90° clockwise or anticlockwise | 顺时针或逆时针旋转 90°
- Save the edited version as a new file | 将编辑后的版本保存为新文件
6. Introduction to Spreadsheets | 电子表格入门
The skill of reading a cell reference, such as B3, is important because it allows learners to refer to data quickly and accurately.
电子表格将数据组织成行和列。学生输入标签和数字，然后使用带有 +、−、×、÷ 的简单公式计算总数。读取单元格引用（如 B3）的技能很重要，因为它允许学习者快速准确地引用数据。
Total = B2 + B3 + B4
is 15. Changing any one value automatically updates the total when the formula is correct.
在此示例中，公式将单元格 B2、B3 和 B4 中的数字相加。如果 B2 = 5，B3 = 7，B4 = 3，则总数为 15。当公式正确时，更改任何一个值都会自动更新总数。
7. Programming with Block Code | 使用积木代码编程
In programming lessons, learners snap together blocks to create sequences. They use commands like move, turn, and say to control a sprite. Order matters because the computer follows instructions step by step, and even a small change in order can produce a very different result.
在编程课上，学生拼接积木来创建序列。他们使用移动、转向和说话等命令控制角色。顺序很重要，因为计算机按步骤执行指令，即使顺序上的微小变化也可能产生非常不同的结果。
- Start | 开始
- Move 10 steps | 移动 10 步
- Turn 90° right | 右转 90°
- Say 'Hello' | 说 '你好'
This sequence is an algorithm: a clear set of instructions in order. Learners can predict what the sprite will do before running the code, which develops logical thinking.
这个序列就是一个算法：一组按顺序排列的清晰指令。学习者可以在运行代码之前预测角色将做什么，这有助于发展逻辑思维。
8. Computational Thinking in Everyday Problems | 日常问题中的计算思维
Computational thinking means breaking a problem into smaller parts, spotting patterns, and creating clear steps. For example, making a sandwich can be written as an algorithm: take two slices of bread, spread butter, add cheese, and press the slices together.
计算思维意味着将问题分解成更小的部分、发现模式并创建清晰的步骤。例如，制作三明治可以写成一个算法：取两片面包，涂抹黄油，加入奶酪，然后把两片面包压在一起。
- Decomposition - separate the ingredients and tools | 分解 - 将原料和工具分开
- Pattern recognition - notice that each slice needs the same spreading action | 模式识别 - 注意每片面包都需要相同的涂抹动作
- Algorithm design - write the steps in order | 算法设计 - 按顺序写出步骤
9. Debugging and Logical Reasoning | 调试与逻辑推理
When a program does not work as expected, learners debug it by reading each instruction and predicting what it does. They fix one error at a time and test again. This logical reasoning skill is central to both computing and everyday problem solving.
当程序没有按预期运行时，学生通过阅读每条指令并预测其作用来调试。他们一次修复一个错误并再次测试。这种逻辑推理技能是计算和日常问题解决的核心。
- Find the bug: which block is wrong? | 找到错误：哪个积木块不对？
- Predict: what will happen with the current code? | 预测：当前代码会发生什么？
- Change the block or its order | 更改积木块或其顺序
- Run and check the result | 运行并检查结果
10. Review: Key Terms and Practice Tasks | 复习：关键术语与实践任务
A strong revision strategy is to define key terms, complete short projects, and explain steps in your own words. Revisit the chapters above and try the tasks without looking at notes. This builds long-term memory and confidence for assessments.
有效的复习策略是定义关键术语、完成简短项目并用自己的话解释步骤。复习以上章节并尝试不看笔记完成任务。这可以建立长期记忆和考试信心。
| Term | 术语 | Meaning | 含义 |
|---|---|
| Input | 输入 | Data sent into a computer | 发送到计算机中的数据 |
| Output | 输出 | Result shown or played by a computer | 计算机显示或播放的结果 |
| Algorithm | 算法 | A step-by-step plan to solve a problem | 解决问题的分步计划 |
| Debug | 调试 | Find and fix errors in a program | 查找并修复程序中的错误 |
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