📚 Oxford International Primary Computing Student Book 2: Core Skills and Digital Literacy | 牛津国际小学计算机第二册：核心技能与数字素养
This revision guide covers the key ideas from Oxford International Primary Computing Student Book 2. It is designed for young learners, teachers, and parents who want to build a strong foundation in digital literacy, computational thinking, and safe computer use. The guide follows the order of the Student Book and explains each topic in clear, simple language with examples.
本复习指南涵盖《牛津国际小学计算机第二册》的核心知识点。它为低年级学生、教师和家长设计，帮助建立数字素养、计算思维和安全使用计算机的坚实基础。指南按照学生用书的顺序，用清晰简单的语言和例子解释每个主题。
1. What Is a Computer? | 什么是计算机？
A computer is an electronic machine that follows instructions to store, process, and share information. It can be a desktop, laptop, tablet, smartphone, or even a device inside another machine such as a microwave or a washing machine.
计算机是一种电子机器，它按照指令来存储、处理和共享信息。它可以是台式机、笔记本电脑、平板电脑、智能手机，甚至可以是微波炉或洗衣机等设备内部的装置。
Computers are everywhere because they help us complete tasks faster and more accurately. In school, you may use a computer to write, draw, research, or practice maths. At home, computers help with games, videos, and communication.
计算机无处不在，因为它们能帮助我们更快、更准确地完成任务。在学校，你可以用计算机来写字、画画、查资料或练习数学。在家里，计算机帮助我们玩游戏、看视频和沟通交流。
All computers, no matter their size, need two main things: hardware and software. Hardware is the physical parts you can touch, while software is the set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do.
所有计算机，无论大小，都需要两样主要的东西：硬件和软件。硬件是你能触摸到的物理部件，而软件是指告诉硬件该做什么的一组指令。
2. Parts of a Computer System | 计算机系统的组成部分
The main parts of a computer system include the monitor, keyboard, mouse, system unit, and speakers. Each part has a special job. The monitor displays pictures and text, the keyboard lets you type, and the mouse helps you point and click.
计算机系统的主要部件包括显示器、键盘、鼠标、主机和扬声器。每个部件都有专门的工作。显示器显示图像和文字，键盘让你打字，鼠标帮助你指向和点击。
The system unit is often called the 'brain' of the computer because it contains the processor and memory. The processor carries out instructions, and memory stores information temporarily or permanently.
主机通常被称为计算机的“大脑”，因为它包含处理器和内存。处理器执行指令，内存临时或永久地存储信息。
Some computers, like tablets and smartphones, have these parts built into one device. For example, a tablet screen acts as both the monitor and an input device because it is touch-sensitive.
有些计算机，如平板电脑和智能手机，将这些部件集成在一个设备中。例如，平板电脑的屏幕同时充当显示器和输入设备，因为它具有触控功能。
3. Input and Output Devices | 输入与输出设备
Input devices send information into a computer. Examples include the keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, and camera. When you type a letter or click a button, you are using an input device.
输入设备把信息送入计算机。例子包括键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、麦克风和摄像头。当你键入一个字母或点击一个按钮时，你就在使用输入设备。
Output devices send information out from a computer to the user. Examples include the monitor, printer, speakers, and headphones. Output devices let you see, hear, or print the results of your work.
输出设备把信息从计算机发送给用户。例子包括显示器、打印机、扬声器和耳机。输出设备让你看到、听到或打印你工作的结果。
Some devices can be both input and output. A touchscreen shows pictures and also accepts touch commands at the same time. Understanding the difference helps you choose the right device for a task.
有些设备既可以输入也可以输出。触摸屏在显示图像的同时也接受触摸命令。理解这种区别有助于你为任务选择合适的设备。
4. Using the Keyboard and Mouse | 使用键盘和鼠标
The keyboard is used to enter letters, numbers, and symbols. The most important keys for beginners are the letter keys, number keys, space bar, Enter key, and Backspace key. The Shift key is used to type capital letters or symbols above numbers.
键盘用于输入字母、数字和符号。对初学者来说，最重要的键是字母键、数字键、空格键、回车键和退格键。Shift 键用于输入大写字母或数字上方的符号。
The mouse controls a pointer on the screen. You can click, double-click, right-click, and drag. Dragging means holding the mouse button down while moving the mouse to move an object on screen.
鼠标控制屏幕上的指针。你可以单击、双击、右键单击和拖动。拖动是指在移动鼠标时按住鼠标按钮，从而移动屏幕上的对象。
Practice is the best way to become confident with the keyboard and mouse. Start with simple typing games and clicking activities, then move on to typing short sentences and opening programs.
练习是熟悉键盘和鼠标的最好方法。从简单的打字游戏和点击活动开始，然后过渡到输入短句和打开程序。
5. Working with Text | 文字处理基础
Word processing means using software to create and edit written documents. In Student Book 2, learners begin by typing their name, simple sentences, and short stories. The cursor shows where the next letter will appear.
文字处理是指使用软件创建和编辑书面文档。在第二册中，学习者从输入自己的名字、简单句子和短故事开始。光标显示下一个字母将出现的位置。
You can change the look of your text by making it bold, italic, or underlined. You can also change the font, size, and colour. These tools help make a document clear and attractive.
你可以通过加粗、倾斜或下划线来改变文本的外观。你还可以更改字体、字号和颜色。这些工具帮助使文档清晰、美观。
To edit text, you can use the Backspace key to delete letters to the left, or the Delete key to remove letters to the right. You can also highlight a word or sentence by clicking and dragging over it, then type a replacement.
要编辑文字，你可以使用退格键删除光标左边的字母，或使用 Delete 键删除右边的字母。你也可以通过点击并拖动来选中一个单词或句子，然后输入替换内容。
6. Creating and Editing Images | 创建与编辑图像
Drawing programs let you create digital pictures using tools such as the pencil, brush, eraser, shape, fill, and text. You can choose colours from a palette and save your work as an image file.
绘图程序让你使用铅笔、画笔、橡皮擦、形状、填充和文本等工具创建数字图片。你可以从调色板中选择颜色，并将作品保存为图像文件。
Editing an image means changing part of it. You can select an area, move it, resize it, rotate it, or change its colour. The Undo command is very helpful because it lets you reverse a mistake.
编辑图像意味着改变其中的一部分。你可以选择一个区域，移动、调整大小、旋转或更改其颜色。撤销命令非常有用，因为它让你可以撤销错误操作。
When you create or use images from the internet, you must respect copyright. Always ask for permission or use images that are free to use, and give credit when required.
当你创建或使用网络上的图像时，必须尊重版权。请始终征得许可，或使用可自由使用的图像，并在需要时注明出处。
7. Understanding Algorithms | 理解算法
An algorithm is a set of step-by-step instructions that completes a task. Everyday examples include recipes, directions for brushing your teeth, and instructions for making a paper aeroplane.
算法是一组完成任务的逐步指令。日常生活中的例子包括食谱、刷牙指南和制作纸飞机的说明。
Algorithms must be clear, ordered, and precise. If a step is missing or in the wrong order, the task may not work correctly. For example, you must put toothpaste on the brush before brushing, not after.
算法必须清晰、有序且精确。如果缺少某个步骤或顺序错了，任务可能无法正确完成。例如，你必须先把牙膏挤在牙刷上再刷牙，而不是之后才挤。
In computing, algorithms are written for computers to follow. You can plan an algorithm by drawing a flowchart or by writing numbered steps. Then you can test it by acting it out.
在计算中，算法是为计算机编写的指令。你可以通过绘制流程图或编写编号步骤来规划算法。然后你可以通过实际演示来测试它。
8. Introduction to Programming | 编程入门
Programming means giving a computer a set of instructions in a language it understands. In primary school, learners often use block-based programming tools such as ScratchJr, where blocks snap together like puzzle pieces.
编程意味着用计算机能理解的语言给它一组指令。在小学阶段，学习者通常使用像 ScratchJr 这样的积木式编程工具，积木像拼图一样拼接在一起。
In block programming, blocks have different colours for different actions. Blue blocks may control movement, purple blocks may control appearance, and yellow blocks may act as triggers such as 'when green flag clicked'.
在积木编程中，不同颜色的积木代表不同的动作。蓝色积木可能控制移动，紫色积木可能控制外观，黄色积木可能作为触发器，如“当绿旗被点击时”。
A program is built by sequencing blocks. The order of blocks matters because the computer follows them from top to bottom. You can run the program, watch what happens, and fix errors by changing the order or values.
程序是通过排列积木构建的。积木的顺序很重要，因为计算机从上到下执行它们。你可以运行程序、观察结果，并通过改变顺序或数值来修正错误。
9. Data and Sorting | 数据与分类
Data is information that can be collected, recorded, and used to answer questions. Examples of data include the number of sunny days in a month, favourite fruits of classmates, or the heights of plants.
数据是可以收集、记录并用来回答问题的信息。数据的例子包括一个月中晴天的天数、同学们最喜欢的水果或植物的高度。
Sorting means arranging data into groups or order. You can sort objects by colour, size, shape, or type. A computer can sort a list alphabetically or numerically to make it easier to read.
分类意味着将数据按组或顺序排列。你可以按颜色、大小、形状或类型对物体进行分类。计算机可以按字母或数字顺序对列表进行排序，使其更容易阅读。
Simple charts, such as pictograms and bar charts, help people see patterns in data. Each picture or bar represents a number of items. These charts can be created on paper or with spreadsheet software.
简单的图表，如图形统计图和条形图，帮助人们看到数据中的规律。每个图形或条形代表一定数量的项目。这些图表可以在纸上或用电子表格软件创建。
10. Staying Safe Online | 网络安全
When you use the internet, always follow safety rules. Never share personal information such as your full name, address, school name, or passwords with strangers online. Ask a trusted adult if you are unsure.
使用互联网时，始终遵循安全规则。切勿在网上与陌生人分享个人信息，如全名、地址、学校名称或密码。如果不确定，请询问信任的成年人。
Use strong passwords that are hard to guess. A strong password uses a mix of letters, numbers, and symbols, and it is not something obvious like your pet's name or your birthday.
使用难以猜测的强密码。强密码混合使用字母、数字和符号，并且不是像宠物名字或生日这样明显的信息。
Not everything on the internet is true or safe. If you see something that makes you feel uncomfortable or worried, close the page and tell a parent, carer, or teacher immediately.
互联网上的信息并非都是真实或安全的。如果你看到让你感到不舒服或担忧的内容，请关闭页面，并立即告诉父母、看护人或老师。
11. Digital Citizenship and Wellbeing | 数字公民与健康使用
A good digital citizen behaves kindly and respectfully online. This means treating others the way you want to be treated, not saying mean things in messages, and asking before posting photos of other people.
良好的数字公民在网上表现得友善和尊重。这意味着以你希望别人对待你的方式对待他人，不在信息中说伤人的话，并在发布他人照片前征得同意。
Using computers for too long can affect your body and mind. Take regular screen breaks, sit with a straight back, and keep the screen at eye level. The 20-20-20 rule helps: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
长时间使用计算机会影响你的身体和心理。定期休息眼睛，坐直，保持屏幕与眼睛齐平。20-20-20 规则很有帮助：每 20 分钟，看 20 英尺外的物体 20 秒。
Balance screen time with physical activity, reading, and time with family and friends. Computers are powerful tools, but they are only one part of a healthy daily routine.
在屏幕时间与体育活动、阅读以及与家人朋友相处之间保持平衡。计算机是强大的工具，但它们只是健康日常生活的一部分。
12. Simple Troubleshooting and Review | 简单故障排除与复习
When something goes wrong with a computer, stay calm and try simple fixes. Check that all cables are connected and that the power is on. If the screen freezes, try waiting a few seconds before pressing any keys.
当计算机出现问题时，保持冷静并尝试简单的解决方法。检查所有电缆是否连接、电源是否打开。如果屏幕卡住，先等几秒钟，再按任何键。
If a program does not work, save your work, close the program, and open it again. If the problem continues, ask an adult for help. Never try to open the computer case or touch the inside.
如果程序无法工作，保存你的工作，关闭程序，然后重新打开。如果问题仍然存在，请向成年人求助。切勿尝试打开计算机机箱或触摸内部。
Review all the topics in this guide regularly. Practise typing, drawing, programming blocks, and making charts. The more you use these skills, the more confident and creative you will become.
定期复习本指南中的所有主题。练习打字、绘图、积木编程和制作图表。你越常使用这些技能，就会变得越自信、越有创造力。
Published by TutorHao | Computing Revision Series | aleveler.com
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