📚 Colour and the Spectrum Mark Scheme | 颜色与光谱评分标准
This revision guide breaks down how marks are awarded in KS3 CIE questions on colour and the spectrum. You will see the key scientific ideas, the exact wording examiners expect, and the common errors that cause students to drop marks.
本复习指南拆解 KS3 CIE 颜色与光谱题目中的评分方式。你将看到核心科学概念、考官期望的准确表述，以及导致学生失分的常见错误。
1. How CIE Mark Schemes Award Marks in This Topic | CIE 评分标准如何在本主题给分
In CIE KS3 science, mark schemes reward scientifically correct statements rather than long descriptions. A one-mark question often requires one key idea, such as 'white light contains different colours' or 'violet is refracted the most'.
在 CIE KS3 科学中，评分标准奖励科学正确的陈述，而不是冗长的描述。一道 1 分题通常只需要一个关键点，例如“白光包含不同颜色”或“紫光折射最大”。
Two- or three-mark questions usually ask for a sequence: identify the cause, state the effect, and link the two. For example, 'different colours have different wavelengths, so they are refracted by different amounts'.
2 分或 3 分题通常要求一个逻辑链条：指出原因、说明结果并建立联系。例如“不同颜色具有不同波长，因此它们被折射的程度不同”。
You should use keywords from the mark scheme: wavelength, refract, split, spectrum, absorb, reflect, transmit, primary colours.
你应该使用评分标准中的关键词：波长、折射、色散、光谱、吸收、反射、透射、三原色。
2. White Light and the Visible Spectrum | 白光与可见光谱
White light is not a single colour. It is a mixture of all the colours of the visible spectrum.
白光不是单一颜色。它是可见光谱中所有颜色的混合。
The visible spectrum is usually listed as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. A common abbreviation is ROYGBIV.
可见光谱通常按红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫排列。常见缩写为 ROYGBIV。
In mark schemes, saying 'white light contains many colours' earns the mark; saying 'white light is made of seven colours' is accepted if the question asks for the spectrum, but 'contains a range of colours/wavelengths' is safer.
在评分标准中，说“白光包含许多颜色”可以得分；如果题目问光谱，说“白光由七种颜色组成”也会被接受，但“包含一系列颜色/波长”更稳妥。
3. Dispersion by a Glass Prism | 玻璃棱镜的色散
When white light passes through a triangular glass prism, it splits into the colours of the spectrum. This splitting is called dispersion.
当白光通过三角形玻璃棱镜时，它会分解成光谱中的各种颜色。这种分解现象称为色散。
Mark schemes expect you to state that violet light is refracted the most and red light is refracted the least.
评分标准期望你说明紫光折射最大，红光折射最小。
A typical 2-mark answer: 'The prism refracts different colours by different amounts, so white light is dispersed into a spectrum.' One mark for refraction, one for the separation of colours.
典型的 2 分答案：“棱镜对不同颜色的光折射程度不同，因此白光被色散成光谱。”折射得 1 分，颜色分离得 1 分。
4. Why Different Colours Refract by Different Amounts | 为什么不同颜色折射程度不同
Different colours of light have different wavelengths. Red has the longest wavelength in the visible spectrum; violet has the shortest.
不同颜色的光具有不同的波长。红光在可见光谱中波长最长；紫光波长最短。
In a prism, shorter wavelengths (violet) slow down more and bend more. Longer wavelengths (red) slow down less and bend less.
在棱镜中，较短波长（紫光）速度减慢更多，弯曲更大。较长波长（红光）速度减慢较少，弯曲较小。
If a mark scheme asks 'why does red bend less than violet?', the marking point is 'red has a longer wavelength than violet', not just 'they are different colours'.
如果评分标准问“为什么红光比紫光弯曲小？”，给分点是“红光波长比紫光长”，而不仅仅是“它们是不同颜色”。
5. Additive Primary Colours of Light | 光的加色三原色
The three primary colours of light are red, green and blue. They are called primary because they cannot be made by mixing other colours of light.
光的三种原色是红、绿、蓝。它们被称为原色，因为它们不能通过混合其他颜色的光得到。
Adding equal amounts of red, green and blue light produces white light.
将等量的红光、绿光和蓝光相加会产生白光。
Mark schemes often ask for this as a one-mark answer: 'red + green + blue = white light'.
评分标准常把它作为 1 分答案：“红光 + 绿光 + 蓝光 = 白光”。
6. Secondary Colours and Colour Addition | 间色与颜色相加
Mixing two primary colours of light gives a secondary colour. Red and green make yellow; red and blue make magenta; green and blue make cyan.
混合两种光的原色会得到间色。红和绿产生黄色；红和蓝产生品红色；绿和蓝产生青色。
In mark schemes, the names yellow, magenta and cyan must be spelled correctly. 'Pink' or 'purple' are not accepted for magenta; 'light blue' is not accepted for cyan.
在评分标准中，黄、品红和青的名称必须拼写正确。'pink' 或 'purple' 不能代替品红；'light blue' 不能代替青色。
A common 2-mark question: 'A stage light mixes red and green. What colour is seen?' Answer: yellow (1 mark), because red and green light add to make yellow (1 mark).
常见的 2 分题：“舞台灯光混合红光和绿光，看到什么颜色？”答案：黄色（1 分），因为红光与绿光相加产生黄色（1 分）。
7. Coloured Filters and Transmitted Light | 彩色滤光片与透射光
A coloured filter transmits its own colour and absorbs all other colours. A red filter transmits red light and absorbs green, blue and other colours.
彩色滤光片透射自身的颜色并吸收其他所有颜色。红色滤光片透射红光，吸收绿光、蓝光及其他颜色。
If white light passes through a blue filter, only blue light comes out. The filter absorbs red, orange, yellow, green, indigo and violet.
如果白光通过蓝色滤光片，只有蓝光出来。滤光片吸收红、橙、黄、绿、靛、紫光。
Mark schemes are strict: saying 'the blue filter blocks all colours except blue' earns the mark, but saying 'the filter turns white light blue' may be too vague unless you also mention absorption or transmission.
评分标准很严格：说“蓝色滤光片阻挡除蓝色以外的所有颜色”可以得分，但说“滤光片把白光变成蓝色”可能太模糊，除非同时提到吸收或透射。
8. Coloured Objects and Reflection/Absorption | 彩色物体与反射/吸收
A coloured object appears a certain colour because it reflects that colour and absorbs the other colours. A red shirt appears red because it reflects red light and absorbs other colours.
彩色物体呈现某种颜色，是因为它反射该颜色并吸收其他颜色。红色衬衫呈现红色，因为它反射红光并吸收其他颜色。
A white object reflects all colours of the visible spectrum. A black object absorbs all colours and reflects none.
白色物体反射可见光谱中的所有颜色。黑色物体吸收所有颜色，不反射任何颜色。
If a green object is viewed in red light, it appears black. This is because the object can only reflect green; red light is absorbed and no light is reflected to the eye.
如果在红光下观察绿色物体，它呈现黑色。这是因为该物体只能反射绿光；红光被吸收，没有光反射到眼睛。
In mark schemes, the two marking points are: 'the object reflects green light' and 'red light is absorbed', followed by 'no light reaches the eye so it looks black'.
在评分标准中，两个给分点是：“物体反射绿光”和“红光被吸收”，然后“没有光到达眼睛，因此看起来是黑色”。
9. Common Mark Scheme Phrases and Model Answers | 常见评分标准用语与标准答案
Many CIE mark schemes use fixed phrases. Learning these phrases protects marks even if the question is worded differently.
许多 CIE 评分标准使用固定表述。记住这些表述，即使题目措辞不同也能保证得分。
| Mark scheme phrase | 中文含义 |
|---|---|
| White light is a mixture of colours | 白光是多种颜色的混合 |
| Dispersion is the splitting of white light | 色散是白光的分解 |
| Violet is refracted most /
Published by TutorHao | KS3 Revision Series | aleveler.com 广告 / Sponsored 2027上海戏剧学院研究生考试 (621)艺术学基础 (811)中外艺术史论真题教材辅导知识点重点总结精编导师题库笔记… 戏剧、艺术设计 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 学习备考通用 查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥25.0广告 / Sponsored Pearson IB Physics Programme Biology Standard Level 培生IBDP国… 物理、生物 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 学习备考通用 查看详情 / View on Taobao参考价 ¥524.0更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信） 备考资讯每日更新，关注不错过 考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法  在微信里长按二维码识别关注 或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图 公众号：tutorhao |