📚 States of Matter: Solids, Liquids and Gases | 物质的三种状态：固体、液体和气体
Everything around you is made of matter. Matter can exist in three common states: solid, liquid and gas. Understanding the particle model helps you explain why different materials behave in different ways.
你周围的一切都是由物质组成的。物质通常以三种状态存在：固体、液体和气体。理解粒子模型可以帮助你解释不同材料为什么会有不同的表现。
1. What Is Matter? | 什么是物质？
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. All living and non-living things, from a grain of sand to the air you breathe, are made of matter.
物质是任何具有质量并占据空间的东西。从一粒沙子到你呼吸的空气，所有生物和非生物都由物质组成。
In science, matter is usually classified into three states: solid, liquid and gas. A fourth state, plasma, exists at very high temperatures, but KS3 focuses on the three common states.
在科学中，物质通常分为三种状态：固体、液体和气体。第四种状态等离子体存在于极高温度下，但 KS3 阶段主要学习三种常见状态。
Light and sound are not matter because they have no mass and do not take up space. This is a useful way to test whether something is matter.
光和声音不是物质，因为它们没有质量，也不占据空间。这是判断某物是否为物质的一种有用方法。
2. The Particle Model | 粒子模型
The particle model is a simple way to describe the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases. It states that all matter is made of tiny particles that are too small to see.
粒子模型是描述固体、液体和气体行为的一种简单方法。它认为所有物质都由小得看不见的微粒组成。
The key ideas are: particles are always moving; there are spaces between particles; and there are forces of attraction between particles. The amount of movement, space and force explains the properties of each state.
其核心观点是：粒子始终在运动；粒子之间存在空隙；粒子之间存在吸引力。运动程度、空隙大小和吸引力强弱决定了每种状态的性质。
Although real particles come in many shapes and sizes, the model usually treats them as small spheres. This keeps the model simple and useful for explaining observations.
尽管真实粒子有各种形状和大小，但模型通常将它们视为小球。这样可以使模型保持简单，并有助于解释观察到的现象。
3. Properties of Solids | 固体的性质
A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. It does not flow or take the shape of its container because its particles are held tightly together.
固体具有固定的形状和固定的体积。它不会流动，也不会随容器改变形状，因为其粒子被紧密地固定在一起。
In a solid, particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern and are packed very closely. They vibrate around fixed positions but cannot move from place to place. The forces of attraction between them are very strong.
在固体中，粒子排列成规则、重复的模式，并且非常紧密。它们只在固定位置附近振动，不能自由移动。粒子之间的吸引力非常强。
Examples of solids include ice, iron
Published by TutorHao | KS3 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图