📚 Reaction of Metal Oxides with Acids: KS3 CIE Answers | 金属氧化物与酸的反应：KS3 CIE 答案解析
Metal oxides are basic compounds. When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the products are always a salt and water. This article gives you clear answers, worked examples and practice questions for the KS3 CIE topic 'Reaction of Metal Oxides with Acid'.
金属氧化物是碱性化合物。当金属氧化物与酸反应时，产物始终是盐和水。本文为 KS3 CIE 课题“金属氧化物与酸的反应”提供清晰的答案、解题范例和练习题。
1. Metal Oxides as Bases | 金属氧化物作为碱
A metal oxide is a compound made of a metal and oxygen only. Examples include magnesium oxide, copper(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide.
金属氧化物是仅由一种金属和氧组成的化合物。例子包括氧化镁、氧化铜和氧化铁。
Many metal oxides are bases. A base is a substance that can neutralise an acid to form a salt and water.
许多金属氧化物是碱。碱是能够中和酸并生成盐和水的物质。
Some metal oxides, such as sodium oxide and calcium oxide, dissolve in water to form alkaline solutions. Others, such as copper(II) oxide, do not dissolve well in water but still react with acids.
一些金属氧化物（如氧化钠和氧化钙）溶于水形成碱性溶液。另一些金属氧化物（如氧化铜）不易溶于水，但仍能与酸反应。
2. General Word Equation | 一般文字方程式
The general word equation for this type of reaction is:
这类反应的一般文字方程式为：
metal oxide + acid → salt + water
金属氧化物 + 酸 → 盐 + 水
This reaction is called a neutralisation reaction. The metal oxide neutralises the acid.
该反应称为中和反应。金属氧化物中和了酸。
The salt produced depends on two things: the metal in the metal oxide and the acid used.
生成的盐取决于两个因素：金属氧化物中的金属以及所使用的酸。
3. Common Acids and Their Salts | 常见酸及其盐
The three acids you need to know at KS3 are hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Each acid produces a different salt.
KS3 阶段需要掌握的三种酸是盐酸、硫酸和硝酸。每种酸生成不同的盐。
| Acid | Formula | Salt formed |
|---|---|---|
| Hydrochloric acid | HCl | Chloride salt |
| Sulfuric acid | H₂SO₄ | Sulfate salt |
| Nitric acid | HNO₃ | Nitrate salt |
Hydrochloric acid always makes chloride salts, sulfuric acid always makes sulfate salts, and nitric acid always makes nitrate salts.
盐酸总是生成氯化物盐，硫酸总是生成硫酸盐，硝酸总是生成硝酸盐。
4. Key Worked Examples with Answers | 关键反应范例及答案
Example 1: Copper(II) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid.
示例 1：氧化铜与硫酸反应。
CuO + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + H₂O
Word equation: copper(II) oxide + sulfuric acid → copper(II) sulfate + water.
文字方程式：氧化铜 + 硫酸 → 硫酸铜 + 水。
Example 2: Magnesium oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid.
示例 2：氧化镁与盐酸反应。
MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O
Word equation: magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + water.
文字方程式：氧化镁 + 盐酸 → 氯化镁 + 水。
Example 3: Iron(III) oxide reacts with nitric acid.
示例 3：氧化铁与硝酸反应。
Fe₂O₃ + 6HNO₃ → 2Fe(NO₃)₃ + 3H₂O
Word equation: iron(III) oxide + nitric acid → iron(III) nitrate + water.
文字方程式：氧化铁 + 硝酸 → 硝酸铁 + 水。
5. Naming the Salt | 盐的命名
The name of a salt has two parts. The first part comes from the metal in the metal oxide. The second part comes from the acid.
盐的名称由两部分组成。第一部分来自金属氧化物中的金属，第二部分来自酸。
For example, copper(II) oxide and sulfuric acid produce copper(II) sulfate. The metal part is copper(II), and the acid part is sulfate.
例如，氧化铜和硫酸反应生成硫酸铜。金属部分是铜(II)，酸根部分是硫酸根。
Do not confuse sulfate with sulfide. Sulfate comes from sulfuric acid, while sulfide is a different chemical containing only sulfur and a metal.
不要将硫酸盐 (sulfate) 与硫化物 (sulfide) 混淆。硫酸盐来自硫酸，而硫化物是另一种仅含硫和金属的化合物。
Some metals can form more than one ion, so Roman numerals are used. For example, iron(II) oxide gives iron(II) salts, while iron(III) oxide gives iron(III) salts.
一些金属可以形成多种离子，因此用罗马数字表示。例如，氧化亚铁生成铁(II)盐，而氧化铁生成铁(III)盐。
6. Predicting Products | 预测产物
To predict the products of a reaction between a metal oxide and an acid, follow these three steps.
要预测金属氧化物与酸反应的产物，请遵循以下三个步骤。
Step 1: Identify the metal in the metal oxide. Step 2: Identify the acid and its salt name. Step 3: Write the salt and water as products.
第一步：识别金属氧化物中的金属。第二步：识别酸及其盐的名称。第三步：写出盐和水作为产物。
Example: zinc oxide + nitric acid. The metal is zinc, and nitric acid gives nitrate salts. The products are zinc nitrate and water.
示例：氧化锌 + 硝酸。金属是锌，硝酸生成硝酸盐。产物是硝酸锌和水。
ZnO + 2HNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + H₂O
Example: calcium oxide + sulfuric acid. The products are calcium sulfate and water.
示例：氧化钙 + 硫酸。产物是硫酸钙和水。
CaO + H₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + H₂O
7. Balancing Symbol Equations | 配平化学方程式
Balancing equations makes sure the number of each type of atom is the same on both sides. Start by balancing the metal, then the acid group, and finally check hydrogen and oxygen.
配平方程式确保每种原子的数目在两边相同。先配平金属，再配平酸根，最后检查氢和氧。
Example: Magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid.
示例：氧化镁 + 盐酸。
MgO + HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O
balance chlorine: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O. Now check: 1 Mg, 1 O, 2 H, 2 Cl on both sides.
首先配平氯：MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O。现在检查：两边各有 1 个 Mg、1 个 O、2 个 H 和 2 个 Cl。
Example: Iron(III) oxide + sulfuric acid.
示例：氧化铁 + 硫酸。
Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Fe₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O
Here the sulfate group SO₄ is balanced as a whole unit. There are two iron atoms, three sulfate groups and six hydrogen atoms on both sides.
这里硫酸根 SO₄ 作为一个整体来配平。两边各有两个铁原子、三个硫酸根和六个氢原子。
8. Observations During Reaction | 反应过程中的观察
When a metal oxide reacts with an acid, the solid metal oxide usually disappears and a solution of the salt is formed.
当金属氧化物与酸反应时，固体金属氧化物通常会消失，并形成盐溶液。
For example, black copper(II) oxide reacts with colourless sulfuric acid to produce a blue copper(II) sulfate solution. Gentle heating is often needed.
例如，黑色的氧化铜与无色的硫酸反应，生成蓝色的硫酸铜溶液。通常需要微热。
Magnesium oxide is a white powder. When it reacts with hydrochloric acid, the white powder dissolves and a colourless magnesium chloride solution forms.
氧化镁是白色粉末。当它与盐酸反应时，白色粉末溶解，形成无色的氯化镁溶液。
These observations show that a chemical reaction has taken place because the original solid is no longer present and a new substance is in solution.
这些观察结果表明发生了化学反应，因为原来的固体不再存在，溶液中出现了新物质。
9. Practice Questions with Answers | 练习题及答案
Question 1: Write the word equation for the reaction between magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid.
问题 1：写出氧化镁与盐酸反应的文字方程式。
Answer: magnesium oxide + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + water.
答案：氧化镁 + 盐酸 → 氯化镁 + 水。
Question 2: Name the salt formed when iron(III) oxide reacts with sulfuric acid.
问题 2：写出氧化铁与硫酸反应生成的盐的名称。
Answer: iron(III) sulfate.
答案：硫酸铁(III)。
Question 3: Balance the equation: ZnO + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O.
问题 3：配平方程式：ZnO + HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O。
Answer: ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O.
答案：ZnO + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂O。
Question 4: Predict the products when calcium oxide reacts with nitric acid.
问题 4：预测氧化钙与硝酸反应的产物。
m nitrate and water. Word equation: calcium oxide + nitric acid → calcium nitrate + water.
答案：硝酸钙和水。文字方程式：氧化钙 + 硝酸 → 硝酸钙 + 水。
Question 5: Write the symbol equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and sulfuric acid.
问题 5：写出氧化钠与硫酸反应的化学方程式。
Answer: Na₂O + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O.
答案：Na₂O + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O。
Question 6: Why is copper(II) oxide described as a base?
问题 6：为什么氧化铜被描述为碱？
Answer: Because it neutralises an acid to form a salt and water.
答案：因为它能中和酸，生成盐和水。
10. Common Mistakes and Tips | 常见错误与提示
Mistake 1: Writing hydrogen gas as a product. Metal oxides do not produce hydrogen with acids. Hydrogen is produced when a metal itself reacts with an acid, not a metal oxide.
错误 1：把氢气写成产物。金属氧化物与酸反应不产生氢气。氢气是金属单质与酸反应时产生的，而不是金属氧化物。
Mistake 2: Writing H₂ or O₂ instead of H₂O as the other product. The second product is always water.
错误 2：将另一种产物写成 H₂ 或 O₂ 而不是 H₂O。第二种产物始终是水。
Mistake 3: Forgetting to balance the equation, especially when the metal has a charge of 3 or when there is more than one hydrogen atom in the acid.
错误 3：忘记配平方程式，尤其是当金属带有 3 价或酸中含有多个氢原子时。
use the general equation metal oxide + acid → salt + water. Then balance atoms carefully.
提示：始终使用一般方程式：金属氧化物 + 酸 → 盐 + 水。然后仔细配平原子。
11. Summary Checklist | 总结清单
You should now be able to state the general word equation for a metal oxide reacting with an acid.
你现在应该能够写出金属氧化物与酸反应的一般文字方程式。
You should be able to name the salt formed from hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
你应该能够说出盐酸、硫酸和硝酸分别生成的盐的名称。
You should be able to write word and symbol equations for examples such as copper(II) oxide with sulfuric acid, magnesium oxide with hydrochloric acid and iron(III) oxide with nitric acid.
你应该能够书写文字方程式和化学方程式，例如氧化铜与硫酸、氧化镁与盐酸以及氧化铁与硝酸的反应。
You should understand that this is a neutralisation reaction and that the only products are a salt and water.
你应该理解这是一种中和反应，产物只有盐和水。
You should be able to balance equations by counting atoms on both sides.
你应该能够通过数两边原子数来配平方程式。
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