📚 KS3 CIE Periodic Table Exam Question and Mark Scheme | KS3 CIE 元素周期表考试题与评分标准
This revision guide walks through a typical KS3 CIE periodic table question, shows how to answer each part step by step, and presents the full mark scheme so you can self-assess your work honestly at home.
本复习指南带你完成一道典型的 KS3 CIE 元素周期表考题，逐步展示每个小问的作答方法，并给出完整评分标准，方便你在家进行诚实的自我评估。
The question used here is modelled on real Cambridge Lower Secondary Checkpoint Science papers. It tests group and period position, electron arrangement, metals and non-metals, reactivity trends and the link between outer-shell electrons and chemical behaviour.
本文所用题目以真实的剑桥初中 Checkpoint 科学试卷为模板，考查族与周期的位置、电子排布、金属与非金属、活泼性规律，以及最外层电子与化学行为之间的联系。
1. Exam Question Overview | 考试题概览
CIE KS3 periodic table questions usually combine a small data table with command words such as state, identify, give and explain. Marks are awarded for correct scientific vocabulary and for linking position in the periodic table to electron structure.
CIE KS3 元素周期表考题通常结合一个小型数据表和命令词，如 state、identify、give 和 explain。得分要求使用正确的科学术语，并将元素在周期表中的位置与电子结构联系起来。
You must not confuse group with period. A group is a vertical column; a period is a horizontal row. This distinction appears in almost every mark scheme.
你绝不能混淆 group 和 period。group 是纵列，period 是横排。这一区分几乎出现在每一份评分标准中。
A typical question of this type is worth 8 to 10 marks and takes about 10 to 12 minutes. Roughly half of the marks are simple recall or data-reading marks, and half require a short explanation of one or two sentences.
这类题目一般 8 至 10 分，建议用时 10 至 12 分钟。约一半的分值是简单的记忆或读表分，另一半则需要一到两句简短解释。
- Recall marks: name the element, give the symbol, state the group, state the period.
- Explanation marks: explain why an element is reactive, why an element is unreactive, why one metal is more reactive than another.
- 数据型分值：说出元素名称、写出符号、写出族、写出周期。
- 解释型分值：解释某元素为何活泼、为何不活泼、为何一种金属比另一种更活泼。
2. Command Words and Mark Allocation | 命令词与分值分配
Command words tell you exactly how much detail is needed. 'State' and 'give' need one short answer only, while 'explain' needs a reason linked by 'because' or 'so'.
命令词直接告诉你需要写多少细节。'State' 和 'give' 只需一个简短答案，而 'explain' 则需要用 'because' 或 'so' 把原因连接起来。
The number of marks in square brackets tells you the number of separate points the examiner is looking for. Two marks means two distinct ideas, not two sentences saying the same thing.
方括号里的分数告诉考官想看到几个独立要点。2 分意味着两个彼此不同的观点，而不是两句意思相同的话。
| Command word | What to write | 命令词 | 作答要求 |
|---|---|---|---|
| State / Give | One word or one short phrase | State / Give | 一个词或一个短句 |
| Identify | Pick from the table or list | Identify | 从表格或列表中挑选 |
| Explain | Reason + consequence, linked by because / so | Explain | 原因 + 结果，用 because／so 连接 |
| Compare | Both elements mentioned, with a difference stated | Compare | 两个元素都要提到，并指出差异 |
Notice that 'compare' scores zero if you describe only one element. Always name both substances explicitly.
注意：'compare' 如果只描述一个元素就不得分。一定要明确写出两种物质的名称。
3. Sample Question – Element Data | 例题——元素数据
The table below is used for questions (a) to (f). It gives five elements from the first three periods of the periodic table.
下表用于第 (a) 至 (f) 小问。它给出了元素周期表前三周期中的五种元素。
| Element | Symbol | Atomic number | Group | Period | Electron arrangement | Type | Reactivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lithium | Li | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2,1 | metal | reacts quickly with water |
| fluorine | F | 9 | 7 | 2 | 2,7 | non-metal | very reactive |
| neon | Ne | 10 | 0 | 2 | 2,8 | noble gas | unreactive |
| sodium | Na | 11 | 1 | 3 | 2,8,1 | metal | very reactive |
| chlorine | Cl | 17 | 7 | 3 | 2,8,7 | non-metal | reactive |
Use only the data in this table when answering parts (a) to (f), unless the question tells you to use your own knowledge.
回答第 (a) 至 (f) 小问时，只使用此表中的数据，除非题目要求你使用自己的知识。
or sodium, 11 electrons are shown as 2,8,1, and 2 + 8 + 1 = 11, so the data is consistent.
请检查原子序数是否等于电子排布中电子的总数。以钠为例，11 个电子写作 2,8,1，而 2 + 8 + 1 = 11，因此数据是自洽的。
4. Question (a) – Noble Gas | 第 (a) 小问——稀有气体
Part (a) asks: Give the name of the noble gas in the table. [1 mark]
第 (a) 小问要求：给出表中稀有气体的名称。[1 分]
Answer: neon / Ne. Neon is in Group 0, also called Group 18, and has a full outer shell, which makes it unreactive.
答案：neon / Ne。氖位于第 0 族，又称第 18 族，具有满外层电子壳，因此不活泼。
The mark scheme accepts 'Ne' or 'neon'. Writing 'N' or 'Na' scores no mark because N is nitrogen and Na is sodium, which is a metal in Group 1.
评分标准接受 'Ne' 或 'neon'。写 'N' 或 'Na' 不得分，因为 N 是氮，Na 是钠，而钠是第 1 族的金属。
The word 'noble' is the key clue. Noble gases are all in the last column on the right of the periodic table, so scanning that column gives the answer immediately without any calculation.
'noble'（稀有）这个词是关键线索。稀有气体全部位于元素周期表最右侧的最后一列，因此只要扫视该列即可立刻得出答案，无需任何计算。
- Group 0 / Group 18 = noble gases.
- Full outer shell = stable = unreactive.
- 第 0 族／第 18 族＝稀有气体。
- 满外层电子壳＝稳定＝不活泼。
5. Question (b) – Group and Period | 第 (b) 小问——族与周期
Part (b) asks: State the group and the period of fluorine. [2 marks]
第 (b) 小问要求：写出氟的族和周期。[2 分]
Answer: Group 7, Period 2. The mark scheme gives one mark for each correct value, so even if you get the period wrong you can still gain the group mark.
答案：第 7 族，第 2 周期。评分标准每个正确值各给 1 分，所以即使周期写错，你仍能拿到族的那 1 分。
The group number tells you how many electrons are in the outer shell for the main groups, and the period number tells you how many electron shells there are in total.
对主族元素而言，族号告诉你最外层有多少个电子，周期号则告诉你一共有多少个电子层。
Check this against the data: fluorine has the arrangement 2,7. There are two numbers, so there are two shells, giving Period 2. The last number is 7, so there are seven outer electrons, giving Group 7.
用数据验证一下：氟的排布是 2,7。有两个数字，说明有两个电子层，因此是第 2 周期；最后一个数字是 7，说明有 7 个最外层电子，因此是第 7 族。
Remember that Group 0 is the exception to the 'last number equals group number' rule. Neon has 2,8, and 8 outer electrons place it in Group 0, not Group 8.
请记住第 0 族是"最后一个数字等于族号"这一规则的例外。氖的排布是 2,8，8 个最外层电子使它属于第 0 族，而不是第 8 族。
6. Question (c) – Electron Arrangement | 第 (c) 小问——电子排布
Part (c) asks: Give the electron arrangement of sodium. [1 mark]
第 (c) 小问要求：写出钠的电子排布。[1 分]
Answer: 2,8,1. Write the numbers separated by commas or dots, and check that they add up to the atomic number, 11.
答案：2,8,1。数字之间用逗号或点号分开，并检查它们相加是否等于原子序数 11。
The first shell holds a maximum of 2 electrons and the second shell holds a maximum of 8. The remaining electron goes into the third shell, which is why the arrangement is 2,8,1 rather than 8,2,1.
第一层最多容纳 2 个电子，第二层最多容纳 8 个电子。剩下的电子进入第三层，所以排布是 2,8,1，而不是 8,2,1。
The mark scheme usually rejects the form '281' written without separators, because it is ambiguous, and rejects any arrangement that does not add up to the atomic number.
评分标准通常不接受不加分隔符的 '281'，因为这样容易产生歧义；也不接受任何相加后不等于原子序数的排布。
A useful habit is to write the atomic number above your answer as a quick check. If the numbers do not sum to that value, you have made an arithmetic slip.
一个好习惯是在答案上方写下原子序数作为快速核对。如果数字相加不等于该值，说明你出现了计算失误。
7. Question (d) – Metals, Non-metals and Noble Gases | 第 (d) 小问——金属、非金属与稀有气体
Part (d) asks: Identify the two non-metals in the table and give their symbols. [2 marks]
第 (d) 小问要求：找出表中的两种非金属，并写出它们的符号。[2 分]
Answer: fluorine (F) and chlorine (Cl). One mark is awarded for each correctly identified non-metal with its symbol.
答案：氟（F）和氯（Cl）。每种正确识别并写出符号的非金属各得 1 分。
Lithium and sodium are both metals, and neon is a noble gas, which is a separate category from the metals and non-metals in this question. Read the table column headed 'Type' carefully.
锂和钠都是金属，氖是稀有气体，在本小问中属于与金属、非金属都不同的单独类别。请仔细阅读表中标题为 'Type'（类型）的那一列。
A common error is to give the names without the symbols, or the symbols without the names. Because the question says 'identify ... and give their symbols', both pieces of information are expected.
常见错误是只写名称不写符号，或只写符号不写名称。题目既然说 'identify ... and give their symbols'，就应当两者都给。
Non-metals are generally found on the right-hand side of the periodic table, while metals occupy the left and centre. Group 7 elements such as fluorine and chlorine are all non-metals.
非金属一般位于元素周期表的右侧，而金属占据左侧和中部。第 7 族的氟和氯都是非金属。
8. Question (e) – Explaining Reactivity | 第 (e) 小问——解释活泼性
Part (e) asks: Explain why sodium is more reactive than lithium. [2 marks]
第 (e) 小问要求：解释为什么钠比锂更活泼。[2 分]
Answer: Both are in Group 1 and have one electron in their outer shell. Sodium has more shells, so its outer electron is further from the nucleus and is lost more easily.
答案：两者都位于第 1 族，最外层都只有 1 个电子。钠的电子层更多，因此其最外层电子离原子核更远，更容易失去。
The mark scheme awards one mark for stating that sodium has more shells, or that the outer electron is further from the nucleus, and a second mark for linking this to the electron being lost more easily.
评分标准给 1 分的要点是：钠的电子层更多，或最外层电子离核更远；第 2 分则要求把这一点与"电子更容易失去"联系起来。
Answers that say only 'because sodium is bigger' or 'because it is lower down' cannot reach full marks, because size or position alone is not a scientific reason.
只写 'because sodium is bigger'（因为钠更大）或 'because it is lower down'（因为它在更下方）的答案拿不到满分，因为体积或位置本身并不是科学理由。
Down Group 1, reactivity increases. The pattern to remember is simple: more shells, weaker hold on the outer electron, faster reaction with water.
沿第 1 族向下，活泼性增强。要记住的规律很简单：电子层越多，对外层电子的束缚越弱，与水反应越快。
9. Question (f) – Reactive Versus Unreactive | 第 (f) 小问——活泼与不活泼
Part (f) asks: Chlorine is reactive but neon is unreactive. Explain this difference using the electron arrangements in the table. [2 marks]
第 (f) 小问要求：氯很活泼而氖不活泼。请利用表中的电子排布解释这一差异。[2 分]
Answer: Chlorine has seven outer electrons, so it needs to gain one more electron to complete its outer shell, which makes it reactive. Neon already has a full outer shell, so it has no tendency to gain or lose electrons, making it unreactive.
答案：氯的最外层有 7 个电子，需要再获得 1 个电子才能填满外层，因此很活泼。氖的外层已经填满，没有获得或失去电子的趋势，因此不活泼。
The phrase 'full outer shell' is almost always required in the mark scheme when explaining why a noble gas does not react. Without it, the explanation is incomplete.
在解释稀有气体为何不反应时，'full outer shell'（满外层电子壳）这一短语几乎总是评分标准所必需的。缺少它，解释就不完整。
You should also make the comparison explicit. Write both elements' arrangements, 2,8,7 and 2,8, and state how they differ, rather than describing chlorine on its own.
你还应当明确作出比较。写出两种元素的排布 2,8,7 和 2,8，并说明它们有何不同，而不是只单独描述氯。
Chlorine gains one electron and forms a chloride ion with the arrangement 2,8,8. Neon does not form ions in normal conditions. This links KS3 electronic structure to ionic bonding work later in the course.
氯获得 1 个电子，形成排布为 2,8,8 的氯离子。氖在通常条件下不形成离子。这为后续课程中把 KS3 电子结构与离子键知识联系起来打下基础。
10. Full Mark Scheme | 完整评分标准
The table below collects the answers and the mark allocation for parts (a) to (f), together with a short note on what the examiner will not accept.
下表汇总了第 (a) 至 (f) 小问的答案与分值分配，并附有考官不予接受答案的简短说明。
| Part | Answer | Marks | Notes / 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| (a) | neon / Ne | 1 | Reject N, Na / 不接受 N、Na |
| (b) | Group 7; Period 2 | 2 | 1 mark each / 各 1 分 |
| (c) | 2,8,1 | 1 | Separators needed / 需有分隔符 |
| (d) | fluorine / F and chlorine / Cl | 2 | Name + symbol / 名称＋符号 |
| (e) | More shells in sodium; outer electron lost more easily | 2 | Reason + consequence / 原因＋结果 |
| (f) | Chlorine needs 1 outer electron; neon has a full outer shell | 2 | Both elements needed / 两个元素都须提及 |
Total: 10 marks. When you self-mark, be strict. Award a mark only if your wording carries the same scientific meaning as the mark scheme, not merely a similar-looking sentence.
总分：10 分。自我批改时要严格。只有当你的表述与评分标准具有相同的科学含义时才给分，不能因为句子看起来相似就给分。
If you scored 8 or above you are secure on this topic. A score of 5 to 7 means the explanations, rather than the recall, are your weak point and need more practice.
如果你得到 8 分及以上，说明本主题掌握扎实。得 5 至 7 分说明你的薄弱环节在解释题而非记忆题，需要更多练习。
11. Common Mistakes and Examiner Tips | 常见错误与考官提示
The most frequent mistake is swapping group and period. Say the words out loud as you write them: group for the vertical column, period for the horizontal row.
最常见的错误是把族和周期弄反。边写边把词念出来：group 是纵列，period 是横排。
Another frequent error is copying a symbol carelessly. Ne, N and Na are three different things, and one wrong letter can cost a whole mark.
另一个高频错误是粗心抄写符号。Ne、N 和 Na 是三种不同的东西，写错一个字母就可能丢掉整整 1 分。
- Do not write 'it' instead of the element name in an explanation.
- Do not give the atomic number when the question asks for the electron arrangement.
- Do not leave an explanation without the word 'because' or 'so'.
- 解释题中不要用 'it' 代替元素名称。
- 题目问电子排布时不要写原子序数。
- 解释句里不要缺少 'because' 或 'so'。
Finally, always re-read the sentence 'Use only the data in this table'. If the question restricts you to the table, an answer based on outside knowledge may not be credited, even if it is scientifically true.
最后，务必重读 'Use only the data in this table'（只使用本表数据）这句话。如果题目限制只能用表格数据，基于课外知识的答案即使科学上正确，也可能不给分。
Time management tip: spend no more than two minutes on each recall part and three minutes on each explanation part, leaving time to check your spelling of element names.
时间管理建议：每个记忆型小问不超过 2 分钟，每个解释型小问不超过 3 分钟，留出时间检查元素名称的拼写。
12. Key Vocabulary and Final Self-check | 核心词汇与最终自查
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