📚 KS3 CIE Element Information Sheets | KS3 CIE 元素信息表
Element information sheets are a key tool in KS3 CIE science. They summarise the facts you need about each element: its symbol, atomic structure, physical state, and common uses. This article explains how to read, use, and create these sheets for revision and exam success.
元素信息表是 KS3 CIE 科学学习的重要工具。它们总结了你需要了解的每种元素的关键信息：元素符号、原子结构、常温状态和常见用途。本文将讲解如何阅读、使用并制作这些信息表，以帮助复习和考试。
1. What Is an Element? | 什么是元素？
An element is a pure substance made of only one type of atom. All atoms of a given element have the same number of protons. Elements cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical reactions. For example, oxygen gas contains only oxygen atoms, and gold contains only gold atoms.
元素是由同一种原子组成的纯净物。同一种元素的所有原子质子数相同。元素不能通过化学反应分解成更简单的物质。例如，氧气只含有氧原子，金只含有金原子。
There are about 118 known elements, but only around 90 occur naturally. The rest are made in laboratories. Each element has a unique name and a unique chemical symbol.
已知元素约有 118 种，但只有约 90 种是天然存在的，其余是在实验室中制造的。每种元素都有唯一的名称和唯一的化学符号。
2. How to Read an Element Information Sheet | 如何阅读元素信息表
A typical element information sheet shows the element name, chemical symbol, atomic number, mass number, state at room temperature, whether it is a metal or non-metal, and its group and period in the periodic table. It may also list common uses and key properties.
典型的元素信息表会显示元素名称、化学符号、原子序数、质量数、常温下的状态、是金属还是非金属，以及它在周期表中的族和周期。它还可能列出常见用途和主要性质。
When you see a square on the periodic table, the larger number is usually the atomic number, and the smaller number below the symbol may be the relative atomic mass. Do not confuse relative atomic mass with mass number.
当你在周期表中看到一个方格时，较大的数字通常是原子序数，符号下方较小的数字可能是相对原子质量。不要把相对原子质量与质量数混淆。
A standard information sheet usually includes: name, symbol, atomic number, mass number, state at room temperature, metal or non-metal, group, period, and one or two uses.
标准信息表通常包括：名称、符号、原子序数、质量数、常温状态、金属或非金属、族、周期以及一两种用途。
3. Atomic Number and Mass Number | 原子序数与质量数
The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It defines the element: carbon always has 6 protons, so its atomic number is 6. In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.
原子序数是原子核中质子的数量。它决定了元素种类：碳总是有 6 个质子，因此它的原子序数为 6。在中性原子中，电子数等于质子数。
The mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It is always a whole number. To find the number of neutrons, subtract the atomic number from the mass number.
质量数是原子核中质子和中子的总数。它总是整数。要计算中子数，用质量数减去原子序数。
neutrons = mass number - atomic number
ation ²³₁₁Na shows mass number 23 at the top left and atomic number 11 at the bottom left.
例如，质量数为 23、原子序数为 11 的钠原子有 23 - 11 = 12 个中子。符号 ²³₁₁Na 表示左上角的质量数为 23，左下角的原子序数为 11。
4. Chemical Symbols and Their Rules | 化学符号及其规则
Every element has a chemical symbol. It is written as one capital letter, or one capital letter followed by one lowercase letter. For example, H for hydrogen, He for helium, and Ca for calcium.
每种元素都有一个化学符号。它由一个首字母大写，或一个大写字母加一个小写字母组成。例如，H 表示氢，He 表示氦，Ca 表示钙。
Some symbols come from Latin or Greek names. Sodium is Na from natrium, potassium is K from kalium, iron is Fe from ferrum, copper is Cu from cuprum, silver is Ag from argentum, gold is Au from aurum, and lead is Pb from plumbum.
有些符号来自拉丁语或希腊语名称。钠的符号 Na
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