📚 KS3 CIE Particles Worksheet: States of Matter and Particle Theory | KS3 CIE 粒子练习题：物质状态与粒子理论
Welcome to this KS3 CIE Particles worksheet. It will guide you through the particle model of matter, the properties of solids, liquids and gases, and key processes such as melting, boiling, condensation and diffusion. Use the explanations to help you answer the practice questions in Sections 8 to 11.
欢迎使用这套 KS3 CIE 粒子练习题。本练习将带你学习物质的粒子模型、固体、液体和气体的性质，以及熔化、沸腾、冷凝和扩散等关键过程。请利用这些讲解来完成第 8 至第 11 节的练习题。
1. What Is the Particle Model? | 什么是粒子模型？
All matter is made up of tiny particles. These particles can be atoms, molecules or ions. The particle model helps us explain the behaviour of solids, liquids and gases.
所有物质都是由微小的粒子组成的。这些粒子可以是原子、分子或离子。粒子模型帮助我们解释固体、液体和气体的行为。
In the particle model, particles are always moving. The amount of movement depends on the temperature. Heating a substance gives the particles more kinetic energy, so they move faster.
在粒子模型中，粒子总是在运动。运动的程度取决于温度。加热物质会使粒子获得更多的动能，因此它们运动得更快。
There are empty spaces between particles. These spaces are much larger in gases than in liquids and solids. This explains why gases can be compressed.
粒子之间存在空隙。气体中的空隙比液体和固体中的大得多。这就解释了为什么气体可以被压缩。
2. The Three States of Matter | 物质的三种状态
There are three common states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Each state has different properties because the particles are arranged and move differently.
物质通常有三种状态：固体、液体和气体。每种状态具有不同的性质，因为粒子的排列和运动方式不同。
A solid has a fixed shape and a fixed volume. Its particles are packed closely together in a regular pattern and can only vibrate in place.
固体具有固定的形状和固定的体积。固体的粒子紧密地排列在一起，呈规则的结构，并且只能在原地振动。
A liquid has a fixed volume but takes the shape of its container. Its particles are close together but not in a fixed pattern, so they can slide past one another.
液体具有固定的体积，但会呈现容器的形状。液体的粒子彼此靠近，但没有固定的排列方式，因此它们可以相互滑动。
A gas has no fixed shape and no fixed volume. Its particles are far apart and move randomly at high speed in all directions.
气体没有固定的形状，也没有固定的体积。气体的粒子相距很远，并且以高速向各个方向随机运动。
3. Particle Arrangement and Movement | 粒子排列与运动
In a solid, the particles are arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. They are held together by strong forces and can only vibrate around fixed positions.
在固体中，粒子呈规则的、重复的排列。它们被强大的作用力束缚在一起，只能在固定位置附近振动。
In a liquid, the particles are still close together but are arranged randomly. The forces between them are weaker, so the particles can move around and change positions.
在液体中，粒子仍然彼此靠近，但排列不规则。它们之间的作用力较弱，因此粒子可以移动并改变位置。
In a gas, the particles are very far apart compared with their size. The forces between them are very weak, so they move freely and rapidly in straight lines until they collide with something.
在气体中，粒子与自身大小相比相距很远。它们之间的作用力非常微弱，因此
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