📚 Essential Physics for Cambridge IGCSE | CIE IGCSE 物理核心要点
This revision guide covers the core topics tested in CIE IGCSE Physics (0625). It is designed to help you recall definitions, use equations confidently and apply ideas to unfamiliar contexts. Understanding the 'why' behind each formula is more useful than memorising it alone.
本复习指南涵盖 CIE IGCSE 物理 (0625) 的核心考点，帮助你记忆定义、熟练使用公式并将概念应用到陌生情境中。理解每个公式背后的原理比单纯背诵更有用。
1. Motion and Graphs | 运动与图像
Speed tells you how fast an object is moving. Average speed is total distance divided by total time. Velocity is speed in a stated direction, so it is a vector quantity.
速度表示物体运动的快慢。平均速度等于总路程除以总时间。速度是带有方向的速率，因此是矢量。
average speed = total distance / total time a = (v - u) / t
On a distance-time graph, a straight line shows constant speed and a horizontal line shows stationary. On a speed-time graph, the gradient gives acceleration and the area under the graph gives distance travelled.
在路程-时间图像中，直线表示匀速，水平线表示静止。在速度-时间图像中，斜率表示加速度，图像下的面积表示运动的路程。
v = u + at and v² = u² + 2as. Always use SI units: metres, seconds and metres per second.
对于匀加速运动，可使用运动学方程，例如 v = u + at 和 v² = u² + 2as。始终使用国际单位：米、秒和米每秒。
2. Forces and Newton's Laws | 力与牛顿定律
A force can change an object's shape, speed or direction. Forces are vector quantities and are measured in newtons (N). Friction and air resistance oppose motion.
力可以改变物体的形状、速度或方向。力是矢量，单位为牛顿 (N)。摩擦力和空气阻力会阻碍运动。
F = ma W = mg
Newton' force of gravity on a mass, given by W = mg, where g is the gravitational field strength.
牛顿第二定律指出，合力等于质量乘以加速度：F = ma。重量是作用在质量上的重力，W = mg，其中 g 是重力场强度。
sions and explosions if no external force acts. Impulse FΔt equals the change in momentum.
如果没有外力作用，碰撞和爆炸中的动量 p = mv 守恒。冲量 FΔt 等于动量的变化。
3. Energy, Work and Power | 能量、功与功率
Energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force moves an object in the direction of the force. Work done equals force multiplied by distance moved.
能量是做功的能力。当力使物体沿力的方向移动时，就做了功。功等于力乘以距离。
W = Fd Eₖ = ½mv² Eₚ = mgh
ional potential energy depends on mass, height and gravitational field strength: Eₚ = mgh.
动能取决于质量和速度的平方：Eₖ = ½mv²。重力势能取决于质量、高度和重力场强度：Eₚ = mgh。
, where 1 W = 1 J/s. Efficiency equals useful output energy divided by total input energy.
功率是做功或传递能量的速率，单位为瓦特 (W)，1 W = 1 J/s。效率等于有用的输出能量除以总输入能量。
4. Density and Pressure | 密度与压强
Density is mass per unit volume and is measured in kg/m³. The density of water is about 1000 kg/m³. Objects float if their average density is less than the fluid density.
密度是单位体积的质量，单位是 kg/m³。水的密度约为 1000 kg/m³。如果物体平均密度小于液体密度，物体就会漂浮。
ρ = m / V p = F / A p = hρg
produces a large pressure. In liquids, pressure increases with depth and density: p = hρg.
压强是单位面积上受到的力。锋利的刀容易切割，因为面积小会产生较大的压强。在液体中，压强随深度和密度增大而增大：p = hρg。
Gas pressure is caused by particles colliding with the walls of the container. Increasing temperature increases the average kinetic energy of particles, so pressure rises if volume is constant.
气体压强是由粒子撞击容器壁产生的。温度升高会增加粒子的平均动能，因此在体积不变时压强会增大。
5. Thermal Physics | 热物理学
Temperature measures how hot or cold an object is, while heat is the thermal energy transferred from a hotter to a cooler body. The Celsius scale is based on the freezing and boiling points of water.
温度表示物体的冷热程度，而热量是从高温物体传递到低温物体的热能。摄氏
Published by TutorHao | GCSE Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图