📚 Edexcel Maths: Geography Applications | Edexcel 数学：地理应用
Geography frequently asks students to handle quantitative evidence, from population statistics to river discharge data. Many of these tasks are exactly the numerical, algebraic, statistical and trigonometric skills assessed in Edexcel Mathematics. This article links the two subjects so you can practise maths in real geographical contexts.
地理学科经常要求学生处理定量证据，从人口统计到河流流量数据。这些任务中有许多正是 Edexcel 数学所考查的数值、代数、统计和三角技能。本文将两个学科联系起来，让你在真实的地理情境中练习数学。
1. Map Scales and Ratio | 地图比例尺与比率
A representative fraction such as 1:50000 is a ratio: 1 cm on the map represents 50000 cm (0.5 km) on the ground. In Edexcel Maths, you must use direct proportion to convert between map distance and real distance.
1:50000 这样的数字比例尺是一个比率：地图上的 1 厘米代表地面上的 50000 厘米（0.5 公里）。在 Edexcel 数学中，你必须使用正比例在地图距离与实际距离之间进行换算。
4 cm long on a 1:25000 map, the real length is 7.4 × 25000 = 185000 cm = 1850 m = 1.85 km.
例如，如果一条河流在 1:25000 的地图上长 7.4 厘米，实际长度为 7.4 × 25000 = 185000 厘米 = 1850 米 = 1.85 公里。
When a scale is written as 2 cm to 1 km, write both sides in the same units: 2 cm : 100000 cm, which simplifies to 1:50000.
当比例尺写作 2 厘米代表 1 公里时，应把两边写成相同单位：2 厘米 : 100000 厘米，化简为 1:50000。
Map distance = real distance × scale factor
地图距离 = 实际距离 × 比例因子
2. Units and Conversions | 单位与换算
Geographical data mix metric units: mm for rainfall, m for altitude, km for distance, hectares and km² for area. You must convert fluently before calculating.
地理数据混合使用公制单位：降雨量用毫米，海拔用米，距离用公里，面积用公顷和平方公里。你必须在计算前熟练换算。
1 km = 1000 m, 1 m = 100 cm, 1 hectare = 10000 m², and 1 km² = 100 hectares = 1000000 m².
常见换算包括 1 公里 = 1000 米，1 米 = 100 厘米，1 公顷 = 10000 平方米，1 平方公里 = 100 公顷 = 1000000 平方米。
A rainfall total of 324 mm is the same as 0.324 m; writing it in metres can help when calculating volume over an area.
324 毫米的降雨总量等于 0.324 米；在计算某一区域的体积时，换算成米会更有帮助。
Always check whether compound units such as km h⁻¹ or m s⁻¹ need to be converted before substitution into a formula.
在代入公式之前，一定要检查 km h⁻¹ 或 m s⁻¹ 等复合单位是否需要换算。
3. Area, Density and Population | 面积、密度与人口
mber of people per unit area. The formula is population density = total population ÷ area.
人口密度是一种比率：单位面积上的人数。公式为人口密度 = 总人口 ÷ 面积。
n people and an area of 242500 km², its density is 67000000 ÷ 242500 ≈ 276 people per km².
如果一个国家有 6700 万人，面积为 242500 平方公里，其密度为 67000000 ÷ 242500 ≈ 276 人/平方公里。
You may also need to estimate areas from grid squares or calculate the percentage of a region covered by forest or urban land.
你可能还需要根据方格估算面积，或计算某个区域森林或城市用地的百分比。
Population density = total population ÷ area
人口密度 = 总人口 ÷ 面积
4. Percentage Change and Index Numbers | 百分比变化与指数
Percentage change is a core
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