📚 Edexcel S1 Statistics 1 Revision Guide | 爱德思 S1 统计 1 复习指南
This revision guide covers the core topics in the Edexcel Statistics 1 (S1) unit. It summarises key formulae, exam techniques and common mistakes so you can approach the paper with confidence. Each section is paired in Chinese to support bilingual learners.
本复习指南涵盖爱德思统计 1（S1）单元的核心内容，总结了重要公式、考试技巧和常见错误，帮助你自信地应对考试。每个小节均为中英对照，便于双语学习者理解。
1. Overview of the S1 Specification | 模块概览
The Edexcel S1 paper tests statistical thinking in four main areas: representing and summarising data, probability, correlation and regression, and discrete random variables including the binomial distribution. You will need to interpret data, calculate summary statistics and use statistical tables or a calculator accurately.
爱德思 S1 考试主要考查四大部分：数据的表示与汇总、概率、相关与回归，以及离散随机变量（包括二项分布）。你需要能够解读数据、计算汇总统计量，并准确使用统计表或计算器。
Many questions combine several topics, such as using a histogram to estimate the mean and then fitting a regression line. Therefore, fluency with notation and formula application is essential.
许多题目会综合多个知识点，例如根据直方图估计均值再拟合回归直线。因此，熟练运用符号和公式至关重要。
2. Representing Data | 数据表示
Common graphs in S1 are histograms, stem-and-leaf diagrams, box plots, cumulative frequency curves and scatter diagrams. For grouped continuous data, the key idea is frequency density, defined as frequency divided by class width.
S1 中常见的图形包括直方图、茎叶图、箱线图、累积频率曲线和散点图。对于分组连续数据，核心概念是频率密度，即频率除以组距。
Frequency density = Frequency ÷ Class width
In a histogram, the area of each bar is proportional to the frequency. Always label axes, use a sensible scale, and for unequal class widths plot frequency density rather than frequency.
在直方图中，每个柱形的面积与频数成正比。务必标明坐标轴、使用合适的刻度；当组距不等时，应绘制频率密度而不是频数。
- Stem-and-leaf diagrams preserve raw data; include a key such as 3 | 2 = 32. 茎叶图保留原始数据，需注明图例。
- Box plots show minimum, Q1, median, Q3 and maximum; outliers are marked separately. 箱线图显示最小值、下四分位数、中位数、上四分位数和最大值，异常值单独标出。
3. Measures of Location | 集中趋势度量
he three main measures are the mean, median and mode. For raw data, the mean is given by x̄ = Σx / n. For grouped data, we use midpoints of the intervals to estimate the mean.
三种主要度量是平均数、中位数和众数。对于原始数据，平均数公式为 x̄ = Σx / n。对于分组数据，我们使用组中值来估计平均数。
x̄ = Σx / n
The median is the middle value when data are ordered; for grouped data, linear interpolation is often required. The mode is the most frequent
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