📚 Continuous Variables in AQA A-Level Physics | AQA A-Level 物理中的连续变量
Understanding continuous variables is central to planning experiments, recording measurements and analysing data in AQA A-Level Physics. This article explains what continuous variables are, how they differ from discrete variables, and how to handle uncertainties, graphs and errors in practical work.
理解连续变量对于在 AQA A-Level 物理中规划实验、记录测量数据和分析数据至关重要。本文将解释什么是连续变量、它们与离散变量的区别，以及如何在实验操作中处理不确定度、图像和误差。
1. What is a Continuous Variable? | 什么是连续变量？
A continuous variable is a physical quantity that can take any value within a given range. There are no gaps between possible values, so the variable can always be subdivided into smaller intervals. Time, length, temperature, current, voltage, mass, force and pressure are common examples in A-Level Physics.
连续变量是可以在给定范围内取任意值的物理量。可能取值之间没有间隔，因此变量总是可以细分为更小的区间。时间、长度、温度、电流、电压、质量、力和压强都是 A-Level 物理中的常见例子。
In principle, between two close readings such as 1.25 s and 1.26 s, a continuous time variable can take infinitely many values. The recorded value is limited only by the resolution of the measuring instrument, not by the nature of the quantity itself.
原则上，在两个相邻读数（例如 1.25 s 和 1.26 s）之间，连续时间变量可以取无限多个值。记录值只受测量仪器分辨率的限制，而不受物理量本身性质的限制。
Continuous variables are usually measured rather than counted. This distinction becomes important when you decide how to record data and what type of graph to draw.
连续变量通常是测量得到的，而不是计数得到的。这一区别在决定如何记录数据以及绘制什么类型的图像时变得非常重要。
2. Continuous vs Discrete Variables | 连续变量与离散变量的区别
A discrete variable can only take specific, separate values, usually whole numbers or fixed steps. For example, the number of oscillations, the number of interference fringes, or the quantum number of an energy level is discrete because it cannot be 2.5 fringes in a count.
离散变量只能取特定、分离的值，通常是整数或固定步长。例如，振荡次数、干涉条纹数量或能级的量子数都是离散的，因为计数时不可能出现 2.5 条条纹。
Continuous variables allow fractional values and are measured rather than counted. The table below compares typical examples that appear in AQA investigations.
连续变量允许取分数值，是测量得到的，而不是计数得到的。下表比较了 AQA 探究中出现的典型例子。
| Continuous variable | 连续变量 | Discrete variable | 离散变量 |
|---|---|
| Time / s | Number of oscillations |
| Length / m | Number of interference fringes |
| Current / A | Number of photoelectrons per event |
| Potential difference / V | Quantum energy level n |
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