📚 Multiplying by 1-Digit Numbers: Place Value, Area Models and Word Problems | 一位数乘法:位值、面积模型与应用题
This revision note focuses on multiplying a two-digit number by a one-digit number, a key arithmetic skill in Grade 3 and a foundation for IGCSE/GCSE multiplication. You will learn three strategies: expanded form, area model, and the standard column method. Each section gives an English explanation followed by a Chinese explanation so you can study in both languages.
本复习讲义聚焦两位数乘一位数,这是三年级算术的核心技能,也是 IGCSE/GCSE 乘法的基础。你将学习三种策略:展开式、面积模型和标准竖式。每个小节先给出英文解释,再给出中文解释,方便双语学习。
1. Lesson Overview | 课程概览
tiply each part by 4, and add the results: 30 × 4 = 120 and 6 × 4 = 24, so 120 + 24 = 144.
本节课的目标是计算两位数(如 36)乘一位数(如 4)。答案是 36 × 4 = 144。为了快速得到答案,我们把 36 拆成 30 + 6,每部分分别乘 4,再相加:30 × 4 = 120,6 × 4 = 24,所以 120 + 24 = 144。
a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c. In primary arithmetic, we call it the expanded form strategy.
这个方法成立是因为乘法对加法有分配律,即 a × (b + c) = a × b + a × c。在小学数学中,我们称它为展开式策略。
2. Multiplication Facts You Need | 你必须掌握的乘法口诀
= 42, 8 × 4 = 32, and 3 × 9 = 27. These facts are used in every step of the methods below.
在计算更大数字的乘法之前,你需要熟练掌握 0 × 0 到 9 × 9 的乘法口诀。例如 6 × 7 = 42,8 × 4 = 32,3 × 9 = 27。下面每一种方法的每一步都会用到这些口诀。
- English: Use flashcards or quick-fire practice for facts with 6, 7, 8, and 9, because these cause most errors. 中文:使用闪卡或快速问答练习 6、7、8、9 的乘法口诀,因为这些最容易出错。
- English: If you forget a fact, break it down: 7 × 8 = 7 × 4 + 7 × 4 = 28 + 28 = 56. 中文:如果忘记某个口诀,可以拆开算:7 × 8 = 7 × 4 + 7 × 4 = 28 + 28 = 56。
3. Place Value: Tens and Ones | 位值:十位与个位
rm gives 47 = 40 + 7. This step is essential because we multiply tens and ones separately.
在 47 中,数字 4 表示 4 个十,即 40;数字 7 表示 7 个一。把数字写成展开式:47 = 40 + 7。这一步非常关键,因为我们要分别乘十位和个位。
47 = 40 + 7
A common error is to treat the 4 as 4 ones instead of 4 tens. Always say "4 tens equals 40" before calculating.
一个常见错误是把 4 当成 4 个一,而不是 4 个十。计算前一定要先想清楚 "4 个十等于 40
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