📚 IGCSE Maths G-3 Workbook 336: Prime Factorisation, HCF, LCM and Surds | IGCSE 数学 G-3 练习册 336:质因数分解、最大公因数、最小公倍数与根式
In this IGCSE Maths revision article, we work through Workbook Content 336, which uses the number 336 as a gateway to prime factorisation, highest common factor (HCF), lowest common multiple (LCM) and surd simplification. These skills appear regularly in both the Core and Extended IGCSE papers, especially in number and algebra questions.
在这篇 IGCSE 数学复习文章中,我们将围绕练习册内容 336,以数字 336 为切入点,系统梳理质因数分解、最大公因数(HCF)、最小公倍数(LCM)以及根式化简。这些技能在 IGCSE 核心和扩展试卷中都很常见,尤其是数与代数部分。
1. Understanding the Number 336 | 认识数字 336
1 × 336, 2 × 168, 3 × 112, 4 × 84, 6 × 56, 7 × 48, 8 × 42, 12 × 28, 14 × 24, and 16 × 21.
336 是一个合数,也就是说它的因数不止 1 和它本身。在使用正式方法之前,可以先列出一些因数对:1 × 336、2 × 168、3 × 112、4 × 84、6 × 56、7 × 48、8 × 42、12 × 28、14 × 24 和 16 × 21。
nce 336 is even, 2 is a factor; since the digit sum is 3 + 3 + 6 = 12, 3 is also a factor.
能快速识别 2、3、4、6、7、8 等小因数,有助于快速检查答案。336 是偶数,所以 2 是因数;又因为各数位之和为 3 + 3 + 6 = 12,所以 3 也是因数。
336 = 2 × 168 = 3 × 112 = 16 × 21
2. Prime Factorisation of 336 | 336 的质因数分解
Prime factorisation expresses 336 as a product of prime numbers only. One reliable method is repeated division by the smallest possible prime:
质因数分解就是把 336 写成若干个质数的乘积。一种可靠的方法是不断除以最小的质数:
336 ÷ 2 = 168, 168 ÷ 2 = 84, 84 ÷ 2 = 42, 42 ÷ 2 = 21, 21 ÷ 3 = 7, 7 ÷ 7 = 1
to right gives 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7. Using index notation, this is written as 2⁴ × 3 × 7.
从左到右读出所有除数,得到 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 7。使用指数记法可以写成 2⁴ × 3 × 7。
336 = 2⁴ × 3 × 7
Always check by multiplying: 2⁴ = 16, then 16 × 3 = 48, and 48 × 7 = 336.
一定要乘回去检验:2⁴ = 16,然后 16 × 3 = 48,48 × 7 = 336。
3. Using Factor Trees Correctly | 正确使用因数树
= 16 × 21, then split 16 into 2 × 8, 8 into 2 × 4, and 4 into 2 × 2; split 21 into 3 × 7.
因数树把 336 拆成两个因数,然后继续分解,直到每个分支末尾都是质数。例如,从 336 = 16 × 21 开始,再把 16 拆成 2 × 8,8 拆成 2 × 4,4 拆成 2 × 2;同时把 21 拆成 3 × 7。
Collecting the circled primes gives 2, 2, 2, 2, 3 and 7, confirming the same result as repeated division.
把所有圈出的质数收集起来,得到 2、2、2、2、3 和 7,与重复除法的结果一致。
Avoid stopping too early: 16 is not prime, and 21 is not prime. Every composite number must be split further.
不要过早停止分解:16 不是质数,21 也不是质数。每个合数都必须继续拆分。
4. Finding HCF from Prime Factors | 从质因数找最大公因数
To find the highest common
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