📚 Student's Edition Grade 1 Lesson 16-10: Data Handling with Tally Charts and Pictograms | 学生版一年级第16-10课：使用计数表与象形图处理数据
Data handling is a fundamental skill in IGCSE Mathematics. In this lesson, you will learn how to collect, organise and display data using tally charts and pictograms. These simple tools help you see patterns, compare groups and answer real-life questions.
数据处理是 IGCSE 数学中的一项基本技能。在本节课中，你将学习如何使用计数表和象形图来收集、整理和展示数据。这些简单的工具能帮助你观察规律、比较不同组别并回答现实生活中的问题。
1. What Is Data? | 什么是数据？
Data is information that has been collected to answer a question. For example, if you ask five friends their favourite fruit, their answers are data. In IGCSE exams, data can be words, numbers or categories such as colours, transport methods or test scores.
数据是为了回答某个问题而收集的信息。例如，如果你询问五位朋友最喜欢的水果，他们的回答就是数据。在 IGCSE 考试中，数据可以是文字、数字或类别，例如颜色、出行方式或测验分数。
There are two main types of data: categorical data and numerical data. Categorical data sorts things into groups, such as eye colour or type of pet. Numerical data uses numbers, such as height in centimetres or number of books read.
数据主要有两种类型：分类数据和数值数据。分类数据将事物归入不同组别，例如眼睛颜色或宠物类型。数值数据使用数字，例如身高（以厘米为单位）或阅读的书籍数量。
2. Collecting Data with Tally Marks | 使用计数符号收集数据
A tally mark is a short vertical line used to count one item at a time. Every time you observe a response, you draw one tally mark in the correct row. This is much faster than writing long numbers.
计数符号是一根短的竖线，用来逐一记录项目。每观察到一个回答，你就在对应的行画一条计数符号。这比写完整的数字要快得多。
Always group tally marks in sets of five. Draw four vertical lines, then cross the fifth line diagonally through the first four. This forms a gate of five, making totals easy to read.
计数符号要始终五个一组。先画四条竖线，第五条画成斜线穿过前四条。这样就形成一个“五数门”，使总数更容易读取。
3. Building a Tally Chart | 制作计数表
A tally chart has three main columns: the category, the tally marks and the frequency. The frequency is the total number of counts for that category.
计数表主要有三列：类别、计数符号和频数。频数就是该类别的计数总数。
Example: A class of 20 students voted for their favourite sport. The results were: Football, Cricket, Football, Tennis, Football, Cricket, Tennis, Badminton, Football, Cricket, Football, Tennis, Badminton, Cricket, Football, Tennis, Cricket, Football, Badminton, Cricket.
例子：一个 20 名学生的班级投票选出最喜欢的运动。结果是：足球、板球、足球、网球、足球、板球、网球、羽毛球、足球、板球、足球、网球、羽毛球、板球、足球、网球、板球、足球、羽毛球、板球。
You can organise these into a
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