Answers to Exam Questions for Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education | 剑桥 IGCSE 体育考试答题指南

📚 Answers to Exam Questions for Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education | 剑桥 IGCSE 体育考试答题指南

In Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education, marks are won or lost not only by what you know, but by how you use command words, structure a response, and apply theory to a named sport or activity. This article explains how to answer exam questions accurately, with model sentences and examiner-style guidance for the main topic areas.

在剑桥 IGCSE 体育考试中，得分与失分不仅取决于你知道什么，还取决于你如何运用指令词、组织答案，以及把理论应用到具体运动项目。本文将讲解如何准确回答考试题目，并提供主要专题的示范句和考官式指导。

1. Command Words Decoded | 指令词解析

Command words tell you the depth and style of answer required. 'Identify' needs a brief statement, 'describe' needs what happens, 'explain' needs a reason or mechanism, and 'evaluate' needs judgement with supporting evidence.

指令词告诉你答案所需的深度和风格。Identify 只需简短陈述，describe 需要说明发生了什么，explain 需要给出原因或机制，而 evaluate 需要结合证据作出判断。

Command word	中文	What you must do	Example frame
Identify	识别	Name one factor or component.	"One component is aerobic endurance."
Describe	描述	Say what happens or what is seen.	"Heart rate rises from rest to about 180 bpm."
Explain	解释	Give a reason, cause or mechanism.	"Heart rate rises because adrenaline is released."
Evaluate	评估	Weigh both sides and make a judgement.	"Aerobic training is more important because..."

Before writing anything, circle the command word and the focus of the question. This single habit prevents you from answering a different question from the one actually set.

动笔前，圈出指令词和题目焦点。仅仅这一个习惯，就能避免你答非所问。

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2. Question Types in Cambridge PE | 剑桥体育常见题型

Cambridge PE theory papers mix objective knowledge with applied scenarios. Questions may ask you to name, describe, explain or discuss factors affecting performance, health, participation or skill.

剑桥体育理论试卷将基础知识与应用情境相结合。题目可能要求你命名、描述、解释或讨论影响运动表现、健康、参与或技能的因素。

Short-answer questions usually carry 1-3 marks and test recall or simple application. Extended questions may carry 6-10 marks and require linked arguments, examples and sometimes a balanced conclusion.

简答题通常为 1-3 分，考查记忆或简单应用。拓展题可能为 6-10 分，需要连贯的论证、实例，有时还需要正反平衡的结论。

Typical topics include anatomy and physiology, skill acquisition, social and cultural influences, health and fitness, and data interpretation. In every case, marks come from the quality of your application, not from listing everything you know.

常见专题包括解剖与生理学、技能习得、社会与文化影响、健康与体适能以及数据解读。无论哪个专题，得分都取决于你应用知识的能力，而不是把你所知道的一切都列出来。

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3. Structuring Short-Answer Responses | 简答题答题结构

For 1-3 mark questions, make one clear teaching point per mark. Do not repeat the question and avoid a long introduction.

对于 1-3 分题，每题给出一个清晰的知识点。不要重复题目，也不要写长篇引言。

If a question says 'Give two reasons why...', write two separate reasons on separate lines, each with a connective such as 'because'. This makes the cause-and-effect link visible to the examiner.

如果题目要求“给出两个原因……”，请分行写出两个独立原因，每一条用 because 等连接词说明因果。这样考官能清楚看到因果联系。

Use the mark allocation as a pacing guide: a 2-mark question usually expects two distinct points, not one point explained twice. Repeating the same idea in different words will not earn extra credit.

用分值作为节奏指引：2 分题通常考查两个不同要点，而不是把一个要点讲两遍。用不同措辞重复同一个观点不会额外得分。

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4. Building Extended Responses | 拓展题答题框架

For 6-mark and 10-mark questions, use a simple structure: Point, Explain, Example, Link (PEEL). Start with a direct point, explain the theory, apply it to a named sport, and link back to the question focus.

对于 6 分和 10 分题，可以使用 PEEL 结构：观点—解释—举例—回扣。先直接给出观点，解释理论，联系具体运动项目，再回扣题目要求。

For 'discuss' or 'evaluate', you must include both sides. Use connectives like 'however', 'on the other hand', and end with a justified conclusion rather than a simple personal opinion.

遇到 discuss 或 evaluate 时，必须写出正反两面。使用 however、on the other hand 等连接词，并以有依据的结论收尾，而不是简单表达个人看法。

A common 10-mark frame is: two developed points for one side, two developed points for the other side, and a final judgement that weighs the evidence. This balance shows the examiner you can evaluate.

常见的 10 分框架是：一方两个展开论点，另一方两个展开论点，最后综合证据作出判断。这种平衡结构向考官展示你具备评估能力。

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5. Anatomy and Physiology Model Answers | 解剖与生理学示范答案

Sample question: Explain how the cardiovascular system responds to a 400 m sprint. (4 marks)

样题：解释心血管系统如何对 400 米短跑作出反应。（4 分）

First point: Heart rate increases rapidly before and during the race because the sympathetic nervous system releases adrenaline, which stimulates the sinoatrial node.

第一点：赛前和赛中，心率迅速升高，因为交感神经系统释放肾上腺素，刺激窦房结。

Second point: Stroke volume rises as venous return increases through the skeletal muscle pump and respiratory pump, so the heart fills more fully.

第二点：由于骨骼肌泵和呼吸泵使静脉回流量增加，每搏输出量上升，心脏充盈更充分。

Third point: Cardiac output rises sharply as a result of increased heart rate and stroke volume, delivering more oxygenated blood to working muscles.

第三点：由于心率和每搏输出量增加，心输出量急剧上升，向工作肌肉输送更多含氧血液。

Cardiac output = heart rate × stroke volume

Fourth point: Blood is redistributed through vasodilation in active muscles and vasoconstriction in non-essential organs, so blood flow matches demand.

第四点：通过活动肌肉的血管舒张和非必需器官的血管收缩实现血液重新分配，使血流量与需求相匹配。

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6. Skill Acquisition Model Answers | 技能习得示范答案

Sample question: Describe how a coach could use feedback to improve a beginner's tennis serve. (4 marks)

样题：描述教练如何利用反馈来改善初学者的网球发球。（4 分）

First point: The coach can give knowledge of results, such as whether the serve landed in the correct service box, to help the beginner judge success.

第一点：教练可以提供结果反馈，例如发球是否落在正确的发球区内，帮助初学者判断成功与否。

Second point: Knowledge of performance can be given on technique, such as grip,

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