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Straight Line Graphs: Plotting, Gradient and Intercept | 直线图像:描点、斜率与截距

2026-08-21 10:44 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Straight Line Graphs: Plotting, Gradient and Intercept | 直线图像:描点、斜率与截距

In KS3 Cambridge Mathematics, straight line graphs are a central algebra topic. They connect coordinates, equations, tables of values and real-life rates of change.

在 KS3 剑桥数学中,直线图像是核心代数主题。它们把坐标、方程、数值表和现实生活中的变化率联系起来。

c, calculating gradient and intercept, and applying these skills to exam-style questions.

本复习指南涵盖描点、识别线性关系、使用方程 y = mx + c、计算斜率和截距,以及将这些技能应用于试题型问题。


1. Coordinates and the Cartesian Plane | 坐标与笛卡尔平面

A graph is drawn on a coordinate grid with two axes. The horizontal axis is the x-axis and the vertical axis is the y-axis. A point is written as (x, y).

图像绘制在有两条坐标轴的坐标网格上。水平轴是 x 轴,竖直轴是 y 轴。一个点写作 (x, y)。

The origin is (0, 0), where the axes cross. Positive x-values go to the right and positive y-values go upwards.

原点是 (0, 0),即两轴相交处。x 轴正方向向右,y 轴正方向向上。

For example, the point (3, 5) means moving 3 units right from the origin and then 5 units up.

例如,点 (3, 5) 表示从原点向右移动 3 个单位,再向上移动 5 个单位。


2. Plotting Points and Linear Patterns | 描点与线性规律

To plot a point, start at the origin. Move along the x-axis by the x-coordinate, then move vertically by the y-coordinate.

描点时从原点开始。先按 x 坐标沿 x 轴移动,再按 y 坐标竖直移动。

If points follow a linear pattern, they lie on a straight line. For example, the points (−2, −4), (−1, −1), (0, 2), (1, 5) and (2, 8) all lie on one line.

如果点遵循线性规律,它们就位于同一直线上。例如,点 (−2, −4)、(−1, −1)、(0, 2)、(1, 5) 和 (2, 8) 都在一条直线上。

You can check this by plotting them on squared paper or by looking at how the y-value changes each time x increases by 1.

你可以通过在方格纸上描点或观察每次 x 增加 1 时 y 值如何变化来检验这一点。

In the example above, as x increases by 1, y increases by 3. This constant rate tells us the graph will be a straight line.

在上面的例子中,当 x 每增加 1 时,y 增加 3。这个恒定的变化率告诉我们图像将是一条直线。


3. Recognising a Straight Line Graph | 识别直线图像

A linear graph is a straight line. It represents a relationship where y changes at a constant rate as x changes.

线性图像是一条直线。它表示当 x 改变时,y 以恒定速率变化的关系。

If the rate is not constant, the graph will curve. At KS3 level, we focus on straight line graphs and their equations.

如果变化率不恒定,图像会弯曲。在 KS3 阶段,我们重点关注直线图像及其方程。

le, y = 2x + 3 is linear, but y = x² is not linear because the graph of y = x² is a curve.

例如,y = 2x + 3 是线性的,但 y = x² 不是线性的,因为 y = x² 的图像是一条曲线。


4. The Equation y = mx + c | 方程 y = mx + c

The general equation of a straight line is:

直线的一般方程是:

y = mx + c

Here m is the gradient and c is the y-intercept. The gradient measures steepness, and the y-intercept is where the line crosses the y-axis.

这里 m 是斜率,c 是 y 轴截距。斜率衡量倾斜程度,y 轴截距是直线与 y 轴的交点。

For example, the line y = 2x + 3 has gradient 2 and y-intercept 3.

例如,直线 y = 2x + 3 的斜率为 2,y 轴截距为 3。

equation is written in a different form, always rearrange it to the form y = mx + c first.

如果方程以其他形式书写,一定要先把它整理成 y = mx + c 的形式。


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5. Understanding Gradient (m) | 理解斜率(m)

Gradient is calculated as rise over run:

斜率按“垂直增量除以水平增量”计算:

m = rise ÷ run = (y₂ − y₁) ÷ (x₂ − x₁)

A positive gradient slopes upwards from left to right. A negative gradient slopes downwards from left to right.

正斜率从左到右向上倾斜。负斜率从左到右向下倾斜。

If m = 0, the line is horizontal. If the line is vertical, the gradient is undefined.

如果 m = 0,直线是水平的。如果直线是竖直的,斜率未定义。

gradient 3, so it goes uphill. y = −2x + 1 has negative gradient −2, so it goes downhill.

例如,y = 3x − 5 的斜率为正 3,因此它从左到右向上。y = −2x + 1 的斜率为负 −2,因此它从左到右向下。


6. Understanding y-intercept (c) | 理解 y 轴截距(c)

The y-intercept c is the value of y when x = 0.

y 轴截距 c 是 x = 0 时的 y 值。

To find c from a graph, read the y-coordinate where the line crosses the y-axis.

要从图像上找到 c,读取直线穿过 y 轴处的 y 坐标。

n y = 4x + 7, the line crosses the y-axis at (0, 7). In y = 4x − 2, it crosses at (0, −2).

在方程 y = 4x + 7 中,直线与 y 轴交于 (0, 7)。在 y = 4x − 2 中,它交于 (0, −2)。

t. The x-intercept is where the line crosses the x-axis, and it is found by setting y = 0.

不要把 y 轴截距与 x 轴截距混淆。x 轴截距是直线与 x 轴的交点,通过令 y = 0 求出。


7. Plotting a Line from a Table of Values | 由数值表画直线

To plot a line from its equation, build a table of values. Choose at least three x-values, substitute them into the equation, and find the matching y-values.

要根据方程画直线,先建立数值表。选择至少三个 x 值,代入方程,求出对应的 y 值。

For y = 2x + 3, choosing x-values −2, −1, 0, 1 and 2 gives:

对于 y = 2x + 3,选择 x 值 −2、−1、0、1 和 2,得到:

x−2−1012
y = 2x + 3−1135
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