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Number 145: Factors, Primes, and Square Roots | 数字145:因数、质数与平方根

2026-08-03 05:48 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 Number 145: Factors, Primes, and Square Roots | 数字145:因数、质数与平方根

The number 145 may appear unremarkable at first glance, but it holds a rich collection of mathematical properties that align perfectly with the IGCSE Edexcel Mathematics curriculum. From prime factorisation to reciprocals, and from square roots to standard form, 145 serves as a compact case study for revising core number skills. In this article, we will explore 145 step by step, translating each property into a concrete example that can be directly applied to exam-style questions.

数字145乍看之下可能平淡无奇,但它蕴含着丰富的数学性质,恰好与 IGCSE Edexcel 数学课程紧密契合。从质因数分解到倒数,从平方根到标准形式,145 是一个重温核心数字技能的紧凑案例。本文我们将逐步剖析 145,把每一个性质转化为具体实例,可直接用于考试题型。

1. Introduction to the Number 145 | 数字145简介

145 is a natural number, an integer that follows 144 and precedes 146. It is an odd number, and because it has factors other than 1 and itself, it is classified as a composite number. In the decimal system, 145 is written with digits 1, 4 and 5. Its value can be expressed in words as 'one hundred and forty-five'. In Roman numerals, 145 is written as CXLV. Identifying these basic classifications is the first step when approaching any number in IGCSE number theory questions.

145 是一个自然数,是位于 144 与 146 之间的整数。它是一个奇数,并且由于除了 1 和它本身之外还有别的因数,它被归类为合数。在十进制中,145 用数字 1、4 和 5 书写,英文读作 'one hundred and forty-five'。在罗马数字中,145 写作 CXLV。在 IGCSE 数论题目中,识别这些基本分类是处理任何数字的第一步。


2. Prime Factorisation of 145 | 145的质因数分解

ot a factor. Adding the digits 1 + 4 + 5 gives 10, which is not divisible by 3, so 3 is not a factor. It does not end in 0 or 5? are 1 and 29). Therefore, the prime factorisation of 145 is 5 × 29. We can write this as:

质因数分解是将一个合数拆分为质数的乘积。对于 145,我们先测试较小的质数。它不是偶数,所以 2 不是因数。把各位数字相加 1 + 4 + 5 = 10,不能被 3 整除,所以 3 也不是因数。它不以 0 或 5 结尾吗?等等,145 以 5 结尾,所以能被 5 整除。的确,145 ÷ 5 = 29。而 29 是一个质数(因数只有 1 和 29)。因此,145 的质因数分解为 5 × 29。我们可以表示为:

145 = 5 × 29

Using a factor tree, we would branch 145 into 5 and 29, and since both are primes, the tree stops. This result is vital for simplifying surds, finding HCF and LCM, and solving problems involving indices.

用因子树表示,我们将 145 分叉为 5 和 29,由于两者都是质数,树就停止了。这一结果对化简根式、求最大公因数和最小公倍数以及解决指数问题至关重要。


3. Factors and Multiples | 因数与倍数

145 itself. Thus, the set of factors is {1, 5, 29, 145}. Notice that 145 is a composite number with exactly four factors. Multiples of 145 are numbers like 145, 290, 435, 580, and so on, obtained by multiplying 145 by any integer.

145 的因数是所有能整除 145 且没有余数的整数。根据质因数分解 5 × 29,我们可以列出所有因数:首先是 1,然后是质因数 5 和 29,最后是乘积 5 × 29 = 145。因此,因数集合为 {1, 5, 29, 145}。请注意,145 是一个恰好有四个因数的合数。145 的倍数则像 145、290、435、580 等,通过将 145 乘以任意整数得到。

n divide 1015 by 145. Since 1015 ÷ 145 = 7 exactly, 1015 is a multiple. Recognising factor– ships is essential for simplifying fractions and solving word problems involving grouping.

要检查一个较大的数,例如 1015,是否是 145 的倍数,我们可以将 1015 除以 145。因为 1015 ÷ 145 = 7 正好整除,所以 1015 是倍数。识别因数与倍数的关系对于化简分数和解决涉及分组的应用题至关重要。


4. Highest Common Factor (HCF) and Lowest Common Multiple (LCM) | 最大公因数与最小公倍数

= 2900. Thus, LCM(145, 100) = 2900. This method, based on prime factorisation, is a core skill tested in IGCSE exams.

利用 145 和另一个数,例如 100,我们可以计算最大公因数(HCF)和最小公倍数(LCM)。首先将 100 质因数分解:100 = 2² × 5²。145 的质因数是 5 × 29。公共质因数只有 5。因此,HCF(145, 100) = 5。对于 LCM,我们取每个质数的最高次幂:2² × 5² × 29 = 4 × 25 × 29 = 100 × 29 = 2900。所以 LCM(145, 100) = 2900。这种基于质因数分解的方法是 IGCSE 考试中考核的核心技能。

onstrates that when one number is a multiple of the other, the HCF is the smaller number and the LCM is the larger.

再举一个例子,求 145 和 290 的 HCF 与 LCM。因为 290 = 2 × 5 × 29,公共因数为 5 和 29,所以 HCF = 5 × 29 = 145。LCM = 2 × 5 × 29 = 290。这表明当一个数是另一个数的倍数时,HCF 就是较小的数,LCM 就是较大的数。


5. Square and Square Root | 平方与平方根

d 13² = 169, √145 lies between 12 and 13. Using a calculator, √145 ≈ 12.0415945787923. It is an irrational number because its decimal expansion is non-terminating and non-recurring.

145 的平方是 145 × 145 = 21025。以 5 结尾的数字求平方可以心算:把十位及更高部分 (14) 乘以自身加一 (14 × 15 = 210),然后后面加上 25,得到 21025。这是 IGCSE 心算的一个有用技巧。然而,145 的平方根不是整数。因为 12² = 144,13² = 169,所以 √145 介于 12 与 13 之间。使用计算器,√145 ≈ 12.0415945787923。它是一个无理数,因为它的小数展开既不会终止也不会循环。

We can simplify √145? neither 5 nor 29 are perfect squares, √145 cannot be simplified into a surd of the form a√b we leave it as √145. In estimation, we might say √145 ≈ 12.0 to three significant figures.

我们能化简 √145 吗?因为 145 = 5 × 29,而 5 和 29 都不是完全平方数,所以 √145 无法化简为 a√b 的形式(且根号内为更小的整数)。它保留为 √145。在精确形式中,我们将其保留为 √145。在估算时,我们或许会说 √145 ≈ 12.0(保留三位有效数字)。


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6. Cube and Cube Root | 立方与立方根

long multiplication, a calculator is usually used in IGCSE. The cube root of 145, denoted ∛ number that when multiplied by itself three times gives 145. Since 5³ = 125 and 6³ = 216, ∛145 lies between 5 and 6. Using a calculator, ∛ is an irrational number. Cube roots can appear in questions on indices and volume scaling.

145 的立方是 145³ = 145 × 145 × 145 = 3,048,625。虽然在 IGCSE 中通常用计算器完成,但也可以通过长乘法手算。145 的立方根,记作 ∛145,是指三次相乘等于 145 的那个数。因为 5³ = 125,6³ = 216,所以 ∛145 介于 5 和 6 之间。使用计算器,∛145 ≈ 5.253587872...。这同样是一个无理数。立方根会出现在有关指数和体积缩放的题目中。


7. Reciprocal of 145 | 145的倒数

0068965517241379... with a repeating pattern that is quite long. For exam precision, you may be asked to give the reciprocal as a fraction in its simplest form, which is simply 1/145 because 145 and 1 share no common factors other than 1. In percentage terms, the reciprocal represents about 0.6897% Reciprocals are important for solving equations and understanding multiplicative inverses.

145 的倒数是 1 ÷ 145,等于 1/145。作为小数,1/145 = 0.0068965517241379...,其循环节很长。在考试中,你可能需要将倒数表示为最简分数,而它已经是 1/145,因为 145 和 1 除了 1 之外没有公因数。化为百分数,倒数大约是 0.6897%(保留四位小数)。倒数在解方程和理解乘法逆元时很重要。


8. Percentage Conversions | 百分数转换

tions and decimals. To express 145 as a percentage of 200, we write (145/200) × 100 = 72.5%. Conversely, 145% of a quantity means 145/100 = 1.45 times the quantity. For instance, 145% of 80 = 1.45 × 80 = 116. Finding a percentage increase: if an amount grows by 145%, the multiplier is 2.45 (since 100% + 145% = 245% = 2.45). These conversions are tested regularly in IGCSE number and proportion topics.

百分数与分数及小数密切相关。要将 145 表示为 200 的百分之几,我们写成 (145/200) × 100 = 72.5%。反过来,某个量的 145% 意味着 145/100 = 1.45 倍的该量。例如,80 的 145% = 1.45 × 80 = 116。求百分比增加:若一个量增加了 145%,则乘数为 2.45(因为 100% + 145% = 245% = 2.45)。这些转换在 IGCSE 数字和比例专题中经常出现。


9. Rounding and Significant Figures | 舍入与有效数字

es). To one decimal place, √145 ≈ 12.0 as well. If we round 145 itself, it remains 145 to three significant figures (as it has three digits). Rounding 145 to the nearest ten gives 150 because the units digit 5 rounds up.

在处理像 √145 或倒数这样的数字时,按给定有效数字或小数位数进行舍入是常规操作。例如,√145 ≈ 12.0416。保留三位有效数字时,我们看第四位数(1),小于 5,所以 √145 ≈ 12.0(12.0 有三个有效数字)。保留一位小数,√145 同样 ≈ 12.0。如果对 145 本身进行舍入,它本身是三位数,保留三位有效数字依然是 145。将 145 舍入到最接近的十位,得到 150,因为个位是 5,要进位。


10. Standard Form (Scientific Notation) | 标准形式(科学记数法)

ⁿ, where 1 ≤ A < 10 and n is an integer. IGCSE questions often require converting between ordinary numbers and standard form, and performing calculations with them.

145 可以用标准形式表示为 1.45 × 10²。这对于处理极大或极小的数字非常有用。例如,145 的平方是 21025,用标准形式表示为 2.1025 × 10⁴。倒数 1/145 = 0.00689655... = 6.89655... × 10⁻³。标准形式的转换遵循规则:A × 10ⁿ,其中 1 ≤ A < 10,且 n 为整数。IGCSE 题目常常要求普通数字与标准形式之间的转换,以及使用标准形式进行计算。


11. Using 145 in Algebra and Problem Solving | 145 在代数与解题中的运用

Consider a simple equation: 'Five times a number plus twenty is 145' total in linear equations. Another context: the product of two consecutive integers is 145? eger solutions. Such problems extend IGCSE skills to quadratics and the quadratic formula.

来看一个简单的方程:“某数的五倍加二十等于 145”。代数形式为:5x + 20 = 145。两边减去 20:5x = 125。除以 5:x = 25。这说明 145 如何作为总和出现在线性方程中。另一种情况:两个连续整数的乘积是 145?不成立,因为 12×13=156,11×12=132。但我们可以建立方程 n(n+1)=145,得到二次方程 n²+n−145=0,求解得到非整数解。这类问题将 IGCSE 技能延伸到二次方程和求根公式。

Number 145 can also appear in ratio problems: 'The ratio of two numbers is 5:29 and their sum is 145.' ... approximately. The numbers would be about 21.32 and 123.68. This ties into proportional reasoning.

145 还可出现在比例问题中:“两数之比为 5:29,它们的和为 145。” 设两数分别为 5k 和 29k,则 5k+29k=145 → 34k=145 → k=145/34 ≈ 4.2647。两数约为 21.32 和 123.68。这联系到比例推理。


12. Summary: 145 as a Revision Tool | 总结:把 145 当作复习工具

The number 145 has served as a single focal point to revise prime factors, multiples, HCF and LCM, squares and roots, reciprocals, percentages, rounding, standard form and algebraic applications. By studying one number in depth, IGCSE students can consolidate multiple topic areas simultaneously. Remember to apply these same analytical steps to any number you encounter in past papers, as the underlying principles remain identical. Practise writing numbers in different forms, identifying properties, and linking them to equations to build fluency.

数字 145 作为一个焦点,帮助我们复习了质因数、倍数、HCF 与 LCM、平方与平方根、倒数、百分数、舍入、标准形式以及代数应用。通过深入研究一个数字,IGCSE 学生可以同时巩固多个主题领域。请记住,将同样的分析步骤运用到你遇到的任何数字中去,因为基本原理是相同的。练习将数字写成不同形式、识别其性质、并将其与方程联系起来,以提升熟练度。

Published by TutorHao | Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com

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