📚 IB Physics Syllabus Roadmap | IB物理课程大纲路线图
The IB Diploma Programme physics course, updated for first teaching in August 2023 and first assessment in May 2025, presents a modern and coherent framework for understanding the physical world. It moves away from an option‑based structure towards five overarching themes that run through both Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL). This roadmap will guide you through the syllabus structure, assessment components, and conceptual toolkit you will build during the course.
IB文凭课程物理学科于2023年8月首次教学、2025年5月首次评估，为学生提供了一个理解物理世界的现代而连贯的框架。新大纲取消了选项模块，代之以贯穿标准水平（SL）和高级水平（HL）的五大统一主题。这篇路线图将带你了解课程的结构、评估组成以及你将逐步建立的概念工具包。
1. Course Structure at a Glance | 课程结构概览
The IB physics syllabus is organised around five broad themes rather than isolated topics. These themes are: Space, time and motion; The particulate nature of matter; Wave behaviour; Fields; and Nuclear and quantum physics. Each theme contains subtopics studied by all students, with additional content for HL learners. The course also includes a substantial practical programme, culminating in an individual scientific investigation.
IB物理大纲围绕五个宽泛的主题而并非孤立的章节来组织。这五个主题是：空间、时间与运动；物质的粒子性；波动行为；场；以及核与量子物理。每个主题都包含所有学生都要学习的子主题，并为HL学生提供额外的拓展内容。课程还包含丰富的实验活动，最终以一项个人科学探究作为总结。
The total teaching hours are 150 for SL and 240 for HL, divided approximately into 110 (SL) / 180 (HL) hours of theoretical study, 40 (SL) / 60 (HL) hours of practical work, and the individual investigation of 10 hours for both levels.
总教学时长为SL 150小时、HL 240小时，大致分为理论教学SL 110小时/HL 180小时、实验活动SL 40小时/HL 60小时，以及两个水平共同要求的10小时个人探究。
2. Theme A: Space, Time and Motion | 主题A：空间、时间与运动
This theme covers classical mechanics from kinematics through Newton’s laws to momentum, energy, and circular motion. SL students study linear motion, forces, work, energy, and power, as well as momentum and impulse. HL extends this to include projectile motion, fluid resistance, and more advanced rotational dynamics and rigid‑body mechanics.
该主题涵盖从运动学到牛顿定律、动量、能量乃至圆周运动的经典力学。SL学生学习直线运动、力、功、能量、功率以及动量和冲量。HL则拓展到抛体运动、流体阻力，以及更高级的转动动力学和刚体力学。
second law ΣF = ma. The principle of conservation of momentum is explored through both one‑ and two‑dimensional collisions.
关键方程包括运动学关系式如v = u + at，以及牛顿第二定律ΣF = ma。动量守恒原理通过一维和二维碰撞进行探讨。
p = mv Eₖ = ½mv² W = Fd cos θ
3. Theme B: The Particulate Nature of Matter | 主题B：物质的粒子性
Starting from the kinetic model of an ideal gas, this theme develops the concepts of temperature, internal energy, and the first law of thermodynamics. SL students work with simple thermodynamic processes and heat transfer. HL students delve into the statistical mechanics perspective, introducing the Boltzmann factor and entropy as a measure of disorder.
从理想气体分子动理论模型出发，该主题发展了温度、内能和热力学第一定律等概念。SL学生处理简单的热力学过程和热传递。HL学生则深入统计力学视角，引入了玻尔兹曼因子以及作为无序度量的熵。
The ideal gas equation pV = nRT and the average kinetic energy of a molecule (3/2)kBT form the quantitative backbone. Phase changes and specific latent heat are also covered.
理想气体方程pV = nRT和分子平均动能(3/2)kBT构成了定量计算的骨架。相变与比潜热也在覆盖范围内。
pV = NkBT ΔU = Q − W
4. Theme C: Wave Behaviour | 主题C：波动行为
Wave phenomena are treated with a strong emphasis on graphical and mathematical descriptions. Students examine simple harmonic motion (SHM), travelling waves, superposition, interference, diffraction, and the Doppler effect. SL covers the basic principles; HL includes two‑source interference in depth, resolution limits, and thin‑film interference.
波动现象的教学特别强调图示与数学描述。学生将学习简谐运动（SHM）、行波、叠加、干涉、衍射和多普勒效应。SL覆盖基本原理；HL则深入双源干涉、分辨率极限和薄膜干涉。
The wave equation v = fλ, the intensity– ly. The Doppler effect is expressed as a frequency shift for moving sources and observers.
波动方程v = fλ、强度–振幅关系以及相长和相消干涉的条件被频繁使用。多普勒效应则表示为运动波源和观察者的频率移动。
Δf/f = v/c I ∝ A² d sin θ = nλ
5. Theme D: Fields | 主题D：场
Gravitational, electric, and magnetic fields are unified through the concept of a field as a region of space where a force is experienced. SL studies gravitational and electric fields in terms of field strength, potential, and potential energy. HL extends to magnetic fields, electromagnetic induction, and the motion of charged particles in magnetic fields.
引力场、电场和磁场通过“场是空间中可以感受到力的区域”这一概念得到统一。SL从场强、电势和势能的角度学习引力场和电场。HL则拓展到磁场、电磁感应以及带电粒子在磁场中的运动。
e potential in a radial field follows a 1/r relationship. Faraday’s law and Lenz’s law are central to the induction subtopic.
场强对引力为g = F/m，对电力为E = F/q。径向场中的势遵循1/r关系。法拉第定律和楞次定律是电磁感应子主题的核心。
F = G M m / r² F = k Q q / r² ε = –N ΔΦ/Δt
6. Theme E: Nuclear and Quantum Physics | 主题E：核与量子物理
This theme bridges the very small and the very energetic. Students study the structure of the atom, radioactive decay, nuclear reactions, and the photoelectric effect. SL covers the basics of quantum behaviour; HL adds matter waves, the Schrödinger model (qualitative), and nuclear fission and fusion in greater depth.
该主题连接了极小尺度和高能现象。学生将学习原子结构、放射性衰变、核反应和光电效应。SL覆盖量子行为的基础；HL则加入物质波、薛定谔模型的定性理解，以及更深入的核裂变与聚变。
The photoelectric equation Ek,max HL, de Broglie wavelength λ = h/p and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle are introduced.
光电方程Ek,max = hf − Φ以及爱因斯坦的解释是关键。对于HL，引入德布罗意波长λ = h/p和海森堡不确定性原理。
E = hf λ = h / p A = λ N
7. The Practical Scheme of Work | 实验工作方案
Practical work is integrated throughout the course. Students engage in prescribed and teacher‑designed investigations that develop skills in experimental design, data collection, error analysis, and evaluation. The programme aims to build confidence in using apparatus, graphing data, and drawing scientific conclusions.
实验工作贯穿整个课程。学生参与指定和教师设计的探究活动，以培养实验设计、数据采集、误差分析和评价的技能。课程方案旨在建立学生在使用仪器、绘制数据图表和得出科学结论方面的信心。
Technology and data‑logging tools are encouraged, but traditional hands‑on skills remain essential. Teamwork and communication are also assessed through collaborative practical tasks.
鼓励使用技术和数据采集工具，但传统的动手技能仍然至关重要。团队合作和沟通能力也通过协作实验任务进行评估。
8. The Individual Scientific Investigation | 个人科学探究
The internal assessment (IA) is a single, independent investigation that accounts for 20% of the final grade. Students choose a research question, design and perform an experiment, process the data, and write a report of 6 to 12 pages. The investigation allows students to pursue a topic of personal interest within the physics syllabus.
内部评估（IA）是一项独立探究，占最终成绩的20%。学生自行选择研究问题，设计并实施实验，处理数据，并撰写一份6至12页的报告。这项探究允许学生追随自己在物理大纲内的个人兴趣选题。
Assessment criteria include personal engagement, exploration, analysis, evaluation, and communication. A well‑scoped question that can be investigated quantitatively tends to yield robust results.
评分标准包括个人参与、探索、分析、评估和沟通。一个界定清晰、可定量研究的问题往往能产生可靠的结果。
9. External Assessment at Standard Level | 标准水平外部评估
SL students sit two externally assessed papers. Paper 1 consists of multiple‑choice questions (Paper 1A) and data‑based questions (Paper 1B), together accounting for 36% of the final grade. Paper 2 is made up of short‑answer and extended‑response questions, contributing 44%. Both papers cover the entire SL core content.
SL学生参加两份外部评估试卷。试卷1由选择题（Paper 1A）和基于数据的问题（Paper 1B）组成，合计占最终成绩的36%。试卷2包含简答和扩展回答题，占44%。两份试卷覆盖全部SL核心内容。
The use of calculators is permitted in both Paper 1B and Paper 2. A data booklet with formulae and constants is provided during the exams.
Paper 1B和Paper 2均可使用计算器。考试期间提供包含公式和常数的数据手册。
10. External Assessment at Higher Level | 高级水平外部评估
HL assessment follows a similar format but with greater depth. Paper 1 (36%) comprises multiple‑choice questions (1A) and data‑based questions (1B) that draw on HL‑only extensions. Paper 2 (44%) includes longer, more synoptic questions that require linking two or more themes. The mathematical demands are higher, and questions frequently involve derivations and multi‑step problem solving.
HL评估格式相似但深度更大。试卷1（36%）由选择题（1A）和基于数据的问题（1B）组成，涉及HL独有拓展内容。试卷2（44%）包括更长、更具综合性的问题，常常要求联系两个或更多主题。数学要求更高，问题往往涉及推导和多步骤解题。
Both levels share the same data booklet, but HL candidates are expected to be more fluent with its use and to recall a wider range of formula off‑by‑heart.
两个水平使用同一本数据手册，但要求HL考生能更熟练地运用，并能记住更广泛的公式。
11. Skills and Conceptual Understanding | 技能与概念理解
Throughout the course, students develop not only factual knowledge but also the ability to think like a physicist. This includes modelling physical systems, making approximations, analysing uncertainties, and critically evaluating scientific claims. The syllabus emphasises the nature of science as an evidence‑based, evolving body of knowledge.
在整个课程中，学生不仅发展事实性知识，还能像物理学家一样思考。这包括建立物理系统模型、进行近似处理、分析不确定性，并批判性地评价科学论断。大纲强调科学的本质——一种基于证据、不断发展的知识体系。
International‑mindedness and the ethical implications of physics are woven into the themes, linking topics such as nuclear energy or climate physics to real‑world issues.
国际化视野和物理学的伦理影响被编织进各个主题，将核能或气候物理学等话题与现实世界问题联系起来。
12. Planning Your Study Roadmap | 规划你的学习路线图
Begin by mapping the five themes against your school’s two‑year plan. Allocate regular revision slots from the start, and use the syllabus statements as a checklist. Practice data‑based and extended‑response questions early, as these require skills that develop over time. Maintain a lab portfolio with clear reflections on each practical, which will feed directly into your IA.
首先将五大主题与学校两年计划进行比对。从一开始就安排定期的复习时段，并将大纲要求作为核对清单。尽早练习基于数据和扩展回答的问题，因为这些技能需要日积月累。保留一份包含每个实验清晰反思的实验档案，这将直接服务于你的个人探究。
Build conceptual links across themes: for example, see how field ideas in Theme D connect with motion in Theme A and quantum ideas in Theme E. The most successful IB physics students are those who understand the coherence of the whole subject, not just isolated facts.
建立跨主题的概念联系：例如，观察主题D中的场理念如何与主题A中的运动和主题E中的量子理念相连通。最成功的IB物理学生是那些理解整个学科连贯性的人，而不仅仅是孤立的事实。
Published by TutorHao | Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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