📚 Reflections y=-f(x) and y=f(-x) | 函数反射变换:y=-f(x) 与 y=f(-x)
in the y-axis). Mastering these concepts allows students to accurately sketch and interpret graphs, as well as understand symmetry properties of functions.
函数的图像可以通过多种方式进行变换,包括关于坐标轴的反射。两种基本的反射变换是 y = −f(x)(关于 x 轴的反射)和 y = f(−x)(关于 y 轴的反射)。掌握这些概念使学生能够准确地绘制和解释图像,并理解函数的对称性质。
1. Introduction to Graph Transformations | 图像变换概述
ctions modify the position, shape, or orientation of a graph without changing the function' ctions, and rotations. Here we focus on reflections, specifically y = −f(x) and y = f(−x).
函数的变换可以改变图像的位置、形状或方向,而不改变函数的基本关系。四种主要类型是平移、伸缩、反射和旋转。这里我们重点讨论反射,具体是 y = −f(x) 和 y = f(−x)。
2. Reflection Across the x-axis: y = −f(x) | 关于 x 轴的反射:y = −f(x)
s the graph of f(x) across the x-axis. For every point (x, y) on the original graph, the corresponding point on the new graph is (x, −y). This means that positive y-values become negative, and negative y-values become positive, while the x-coordinate remains unchanged.
变换 y = −f(x) 将 f(x) 的图像关于 x 轴进行反射。对于原图像上的每个点 (x, y),新图像上的对应点是 (x, −y)。这意味着正的 y 值变成负的,负的 y 值变成正的,而 x 坐标保持不变。
rabola opens upward with vertex (0, −4); the reflected parabola opens downward with vertex (0, 4). Every y-coordinate is multiplied by −1.
例如,若 f(x) = x² − 4,则 y = −f(x) = −(x² − 4) = −x² + 4。原抛物线开口向上,顶点为 (0, −4);反射后的抛物线开口向下,顶点为 (0, 4)。每个 y 坐标都乘以 −1。
3. Effects of y = −f(x) on Key Points | y = −f(x) 对关键点的影响
) remain unchanged, because −0 = 0. The overall shape of the graph is flipped upside down.
关键特征如截距、顶点和端点都会受到这种反射的影响。如果 f(x) 的 y 截距在 (0, c),那么 −f(x) 的 y 截距将在 (0, −c)。任何 x 截距(满足 f(x) = 0)保持不变,因为 −0 = 0。图像的整体形状上下翻转。
If the original function has a maximum value M at some x, the reflected function will have a minimum value −M at the same x. This inversion is useful when analysing optimisation problems or sketching reciprocals where sign changes matter.
如果原函数在某 x 处取得最大值 M,那么反射后的函数将在同一 x 处取得最小值 −M。这种反转在分析最优化问题或绘制涉及符号变化的倒数图像时非常有用。
4. Reflection Across the y-axis: y = f(−x) | 关于 y 轴的反射:y = f(−x)
s the graph of f(x) across the y-axis. For each point (x, y) on the original graph, the reflected point is (−x, y). The x-coordinate changes sign while the y-coordinate remains the same. This reflection effectively mirrors the graph left-right.
变换 y = f(−x) 将 f(x) 的图像关于 y 轴进行反射。对于原图像上的每个点 (x, y),反射后的点为 (−x, y)。x 坐标改变符号,而 y 坐标保持不变。这种反射实际上对图像进行左右镜像。
2x + 3. The graph is the reflection of the original line across the y-axis. Notice that the y-intercept stays at (0,3), but the slope changes sign.
如果 f(x) = 2x + 3,那么 f(−x) = 2(−x) + 3 = −2x + 3。图像是原直线关于 y 轴的反射。注意 y 截距保持在 (0,3),但斜率符号改变。
5. Effects of y = f(−x) on Key Points | y = f(−x) 对关键点的影响
= 0 implies −x = a, so x = −a is the new x-intercept. Asymptotes also reflect accordingly.
应用 y = f(−x) 时,y 截距保持不变,因为令 x = 0 得到 f(0),不变。然而,x 截距会关于 y 轴反射:如果 f(a) = 0,那么 f(−x) = 0 意味着 −x = a,因此新 x 截距为 x = −a。渐近线也相应反射。
Published by TutorHao | IB Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)

或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图