Pre-U Cambridge Art: A Quick Memorisation Guide to Key Vocabulary and Terms | 剑桥 Pre-U 艺术：核心词汇术语速记指南

Line – A continuous mark with length and direction, used to define shapes, create textures and convey movement.

线条 – 具有长度和方向的连续标记，用于界定形状、创造质感并传达动感。

Shape – An enclosed two-dimensional area defined by boundaries. Shapes can be geometric or organic.

形状 – 由边界围合而成的二维区域，分为几何形状与有机形状。

Form – The three-dimensional counterpart of shape, possessing volume and mass; can be actual or implied.

形体 – 形状的三维对应物，具有体积与量感，可以是实际存在或通过技法暗示的三维效果。

Colour (Hue) – The property of light classified as red, blue, yellow etc. Hue, saturation and value are its key attributes.

色彩（色相） – 光线的属性，如红、蓝、黄等；其主要特征包括色相、饱和度与明度。

Texture – The surface quality of an artwork, either actual (tactile) or implied (visual), such as rough or smooth.

质感 – 作品表面的品质，可以是实际的触觉质感或视觉暗示的质感，如粗糙或光滑。

Tone – The lightness or darkness of a colour or area; used to create depth, contrast and mood.

色调 – 色彩或区域的明暗程度，用于营造深度、对比与氛围。

Space – The area around, between or within components of an artwork; includes positive space (subject) and negative space (background).

空间 – 作品内外部及元素之间的区域，包括正空间（主体）与负空间（背景）。

Balance – The distribution of visual weight, which can be symmetrical, asymmetrical or radial.

平衡 – 视觉重量的分布，可为对称、不对称或放射状。

Contrast – The juxtaposition of opposing elements (e.g. light/dark, rough/smooth) to heighten visual interest.

对比 – 将对立元素（如明暗、粗糙/光滑）并置以增强视觉趣味。

Emphasis – Drawing attention to a focal point using size, placement, colour or isolation.

强调 – 通过大小、位置、色彩或孤立手段将注意力引向焦点。

Movement – The path the viewer's eye takes; created by directional lines, repetition or sequence.

动势 – 观众视线移动的路径，由方向线、重复或序列创造。

Pattern – The repetition of an element or motif to create a decorative surface.

图案 – 元素或母题的重复，以形成装饰性表面。

Rhythm – The regular recurrence of elements, similar to a musical beat, producing a sense of organised movement.

节奏 – 元素的规律性重复，类似音乐节拍，产生有组织的运动感。

Unity – The harmonious arrangement of components, giving the work a sense of wholeness.

统一 – 各组成部分的和谐安排，赋予作品整体感。

Hatching – Parallel lines drawn closely to suggest tonal value; the denser the lines, the darker the area.

排线 – 近距离平行线暗示色调值；线条越密，区域越暗。

Cross-hatching – Intersecting sets of parallel lines, building deeper shadows and texture.

交叉排线 – 相交的平行线组，构建更深的阴影与质感。

Stippling – Creating tone and texture through numerous small dots; the closer the dots, the darker the tone.

点画 – 通过大量小点创造色调与质感；点越密集，色调越深。

Sgraffito – Scratching through a surface layer to reveal a contrasting layer beneath, common in ceramics and oil pastel.

刮涂 – 划破表层以露出下层对比色，常见于陶瓷与油画棒。

Blending – Smoothing pencil or charcoal marks to eliminate visible strokes and create gradual transitions.

晕染 – 涂抹铅笔或炭笔痕迹以消除可见笔触，形成渐变过渡。

Contour drawing – Drawing that follows the visible edges of a subject, emphasising shape and form without lifting the pencil.

轮廓素描 – 跟随对象可见边缘的素描，不抬起铅笔，强调形状与形体。

Gesture drawing – Quick, expressive sketches capturing movement and the essence of a subject.

动态素描 – 快速、富有表现力的速写，捕捉动作与对象精髓。

Hue – The pure spectrum colour name (e.g. red, green) without addition of black, white or grey.

色相 – 光谱色的纯粹名称（如红、绿），未添加黑、白或灰。

Saturation (intensity) – The purity or vividness of a colour; high saturation = bright, low = dull.

饱和度（强度） – 颜色的纯净程度或鲜艳度；高饱和度明亮，低饱和度暗淡。

Value – The lightness or darkness of a colour; tints are lightened with white, shades darkened with black.

明度 – 颜色的明暗程度；加入白色得到明调，加入黑色得到暗调。

Complementary colours – Pairs directly opposite on the colour wheel (e.g. red–green); placed side by side they create vibrant contrast.

互补色 – 色轮上直接相对的颜色对（如红与绿）；并置时产生强烈对比。

Glazing – Applying thin, transparent layers of paint over a dry layer to modify colour and add depth.

罩染 – 在干燥色层上施加薄而透明的颜料层，以调整色彩并增加深度。

Impasto – Thick application of paint with visible brush or palette knife marks, creating texture and three-dimensionality.

厚涂 – 厚涂颜料，可见笔触或刮刀痕迹，创造出质感与立体感。

Underpainting – An initial monochromatic layer establishing the tonal structure before colour is applied.

底色层 – 在施加色彩之前建立的单色底色层，确定整体色调结构。

Scumbling – A dry-brush technique where a thin, opaque layer is dragged over another to create a broken, textured effect.

薄擦法 – 用干笔拖曳薄而不透明的颜料覆盖另一层，形成斑驳的质感效果。

Armature – Internal framework supporting the sculpted material, often wire or metal.

骨架 – 支撑雕塑材料的内部框架，常为金属丝或金属。

Casting – Creating a form by pouring liquid material (e.g. bronze, plaster) into a mould.

铸造 – 将液体材料（如青铜、石膏）注入模具以成型。

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