📚 Pre-U WJEC PE: Key Terminology Quick-Reference Guide | Pre-U WJEC 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the extensive terminology of the WJEC Pre-U Physical Education course can be daunting. This guide breaks down essential terms across all major topics—from physiology and biomechanics to psychology and socio-cultural studies—and pairs each with a memorable mnemonic or revision cue. Use it as your go-to reference to sharpen definitions, speed up recall, and boost exam confidence.
掌握 WJEC Pre-U 体育课程中大量的专业术语往往令人望而生畏。本指南将生理学、生物力学、心理学和社会文化等所有主要章节的核心术语进行拆解，并为每个术语配上一个易于记忆的助记法或复习提示。把它当作你的随身参考手册，来精准定义、快速回忆并提升考试信心。
1. Cardiovascular & Respiratory Terminology | 心血管与呼吸系统术语
Heart Rate (HR) – number of beats per minute. Mnemonic: 'BPM = beats per minute', link resting HR to fitness level.
心率 – 每分钟心跳次数。速记：'BPM = 每分钟心跳数'，将安静心率与体能水平联系起来。
Stroke Volume (SV) – volume of blood ejected per beat. Mnemonic: 'SV = strength of squeeze', increases with training.
每搏输出量 – 每次心跳泵出的血量。速记：'SV = 挤压的力量'，随训练增加。
Cardiac Output (Q) – HR × SV. Mnemonic: 'Q = HR × SV', think of Q for quantity pumped per minute.
心输出量 – 心率 × 每搏输出量。速记：'Q = 心率×每搏量'，把 Q 想成每分钟泵出的总量。
VO₂ max – maximal oxygen uptake per kg per minute. Mnemonic: 'VO₂ max = plateau of O₂ consumption during max effort'.
最大摄氧量 – 每公斤体重每分钟最大摄氧量。速记：'最大摄氧量 = 极限运动时摄氧量的平台期'。
Tidal Volume (TV) – air inhaled/exhaled per breath at rest. Increases during exercise. Mnemonic: 'TV = tiny at rest, tidal wave during exercise'.
潮气量 – 安静状态下每次呼吸吸入或呼出的气量，运动时增大。速记：'安静时微小，运动时如潮水'。
Minute Ventilation (VE) – TV × breathing frequency. Mnemonic: 'VE = volume of air moved per minute'.
每分通气量 – 潮气量 × 呼吸频率。速记：'VE = 每分钟移动的空气量'。
2. Energy Systems & Muscle Physiology | 能量系统与肌肉生理学
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) – the immediate energy currency. Breakdown: ATP → ADP + Pi + energy.
三磷酸腺苷 – 即时能量货币。分解：ATP → ADP + 磷酸 + 能量。
ATP-PC system (Alactic Anaerobic) – lasts 8-10 seconds, no O₂, no lactate. Mnemonic: 'PC = phosphocreatine, quick burst'.
磷酸原系统（非乳酸无氧） – 持续8-10秒，无氧，不产生乳酸。速记：'PC = 磷酸肌酸，短时爆发'。
Glycolytic system (Lactic Anaerobic) – breaks down glucose without O₂, produces lactate, lasts up to ~90 s. Mnemonic: 'Glycolysis = glucose breakdown, lactic burn'.
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