📚 KS3 WJEC Drama: Quick Vocabulary and Terminology Guide | KS3 WJEC 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the key terms is the first step to becoming a confident performer and a thoughtful audience member. This guide covers the essential vocabulary you will encounter in KS3 WJEC Drama, from staging and acting skills to design elements and script work. Each section provides clear English explanations, Chinese translations, and quick memorisation tips to help you recall the terminology under pressure.
掌握关键术语是成为自信表演者和有思想的观众的第一步。本指南涵盖 KS3 WJEC 戏剧中你会遇到的核心词汇，从舞台布局、表演技巧到设计元素和剧本分析。每个部分提供清晰的英文解释、中文翻译和速记提示，帮助你在压力下快速回忆术语。
1. Staging Configurations | 舞台布局
Different staging arrangements create unique relationships between the performers and the audience. Knowing the names and shapes helps you make informed decisions about blocking and audience sightlines.
不同的舞台布局在表演者和观众之间创造出独特的关系。了解它们的名称和形状有助于你在走位和观众视线方面做出明智的决策。
| English Term | 中文术语 | Quick Memo / 速记提示 |
|---|---|---|
| Proscenium Arch | 镜框式舞台 | Picture frame around the stage; audience watches through the 'fourth wall'. 舞台像相框，观众透过"第四堵墙"观看。 |
| Thrust Stage | 伸出式舞台 | Stage extends into the audience on three sides. 舞台伸向观众，三面环绕。 |
| In the Round | 圆形舞台/四面台 | Audience surrounds the entire acting area. 观众完全包围表演区。 |
| Traverse | 长廊式舞台 | Audience sits on two opposite sides, like a catwalk. 观众在两侧，像 T 台。 |
| End-on | 单向舞台 | Audience faces one end of a rectangular space. 观众面对长方形空间的一端。 |
| Promenade | 流动式舞台 | Audience moves from location to location. 观众跟随表演移动。 |
When you sketch a stage shape, label upstage (away from audience) and downstage (near audience). Always remember: Downstage is 'down' because historically stages were raked, sloping towards the audience.
当你画舞台形状时，标记好上场门后方（远离观众）和下场门前区（靠近观众）。记住：Downstage 之所以是"下"，是因为历史上舞台是倾斜的，朝观众方向下倾。
2. Vocal Skills | 声乐技巧
Your voice is your most flexible instrument. Describing exactly how you use it shows a sophisticated understanding of character and mood.
你的声音是你最灵活的工具。准确描述你如何使用声音，能展现出你对角色和情绪的深刻理解。
| Term | 中文 | Memory Hook |
|---|---|---|
| Projection | 声音投射 | Big breath, send sound to the back wall. 大气息，把声音送到后墙。 |
| Articulation | 吐字清晰 | Crisp consonants – think 't' and 'd'. 清晰辅音——注意"t"和"d"。 |
| Pitch | 音高 | High notes for excitement, low for seriousness. 高音兴奋，低音严肃。 |
| Pace | 语速 | Speed of speech: fast = panic, slow = control. 说话速度：快 = 慌张，慢 = 控制。 |
| Pause | 停顿 | Silence can be louder than words. 沉默有时比言语更有力。 |
| Tone | 语气 | Emotion behind the words. 词句背后的情感色彩。 |
| Volume | 音量 | Whisper to shout – dynamic range counts. 从耳语到喊叫——动态范围很重要。 |
Try linking each vocal skill to a physical action in rehearsal: squeeze your fist for 'projection', tap your teeth for 'articulation'. This muscle memory speeds up recall.
试着在排练中给每个声乐技巧配一个身体动作：握拳代表"投射"，轻叩牙齿代表"清晰吐字"。这种肌肉记忆能加速回忆。
3. Physical Skills | 肢体动作技巧
An actor's body tells as much story as the words they speak. Precise vocabulary lets you analyse and discuss movement effectively.
演员的身体讲述的故事不亚于台词。精准的词汇能让你有效地分析和讨论动作。
| Skill | 中文 | Visual Cue / 视觉提示 |
|---|---|---|
| Gesture | 手势 | Hand or arm movement with meaning. 有含义的手或手臂动作。 |
| Posture | 体态 | How you hold your spine – slumped or upright. 脊柱的姿态——瘫软或挺直。 |
| Gait | 步态 | Manner of walking – character's signature. 行走的方式——角色的标志。 |
| Facial Expression | 面部表情 | Eyes, brows, mouth tell emotion. 眼、眉、嘴传递情绪。 |
| Levels | 层次/高度 | High status = upright, low status = crouch. 地位高 = 直立，地位低 = 蜷缩。 |
| Proxemics | 空间关系 | Distance between characters – intimate, personal, social. 角色间的距离——亲密、个人、社交。 |
Proxemics is often forgotten. Remember it as 'proximity' between bodies. In a scene, if two characters stand far apart, tension or estrangement is likely.
空间关系常被遗忘。记住它是身体之间的"接近度"。在一场戏中，如果两个角色站得很远，很可能意味着紧张或疏离。
4. Characterisation | 角色塑造
Building a believable character goes beyond learning lines. It involves understanding the character's inner world and external traits through structured techniques.
塑造可信的角色不仅仅是背台词。它涉及通过结构化的方法理解角色的内心世界和外在特征。
| Technique | 中文 | Simple Definition / 简单定义 |
|---|---|---|
| Motivation | 动机 | Why the character behaves that way. 角色为何如此行为。 |
| Objective | 目标 | What the character wants in a scene. 角色在一场戏中想要什么。 |
| Super-objective | 终极目标 | The character's overarching want for the whole play. 角色在整个剧中的总愿望。 |
| Given Circumstances | 规定情境 | Facts from the script: time, place, relationships. 剧本给出的事实：时间、地点、关系。 |
| Hot-seating | 坐针毡/即兴提问 | Answering questions in role to deepen understanding. 以角色身份回答问题，加深理解。 |
| Role on the Wall | 墙上角色 | Outline drawn, write inner thoughts inside, outer traits outside. 画出轮廓，内部写内心想法，外部写外在特征。 |
Use 'Role on the Wall' as a revision sketch: draw a simple figure on a sticky note, fill it with adjectives. It becomes a portable character profile for any text.
把"墙上角色"用作复习草图：在便利贴上画一个简单人形，填入形容词。它就变成了任何文本的便携式角色档案。
5. Script Analysis | 剧本分析
Reading a script fluently means you can identify the different forms of text and how they guide performance.
流畅地阅读剧本意味着你能识别不同形式的文本以及它们如何指导表演。
| Script Element | 中文 | Recognition Clue / 识别线索 |
|---|---|---|
| Dialogue | 对白 | Two or more characters speaking. 两个或多个角色说话。 |
| Monologue | 独白 | One character speaking to others on stage. 一个角色对舞台上其他人说话。 |
| Soliloquy | 自言自语/内心独白 | One character alone, speaking inner thoughts. 一个角色独自在台上，说出内心想法。 |
| Aside | 旁白 | Character speaks directly to the audience; others cannot hear. 角色直接对观众说话，其他角色听不见。 |
| Stage Directions | 舞台指示 | Written instructions in brackets or italics. 括号或斜体中的书面指示。 |
| Dramatic Irony | 戏剧性反讽 | Audience knows something characters do not. 观众知道角色不知道的事。 |
To remember the difference between monologue and soliloquy: 'mono' = one, but monologue has other listeners on stage; soliloquy has none. Think 'solo' = alone.
要记住独白和自言自语的区别："mono" = 单一，但独白在舞台上有其他听众；自言自语则没有。想想"solo" = 独自。
6. Set and Props | 布景与道具
The visual world of a production is built through set pieces and props. Designers use them to establish location, period, and mood instantly.
演出的视觉世界是通过布景构件和道具建立起来的。设计师用它们瞬间确立地点、时代和氛围。
| Design Element | 中文 | Key Function / 主要功能 |
|---|---|---|
| Set | 布景 | All scenery and structures on stage. 舞台上所有景观和结构。 |
| Props (Properties) | 道具 | Items handled by actors. 演员拿取或使用的物品。 |
| Costume | 服装 | Clothes showing character, era, status. 展示角色、时代、地位的衣物。 |
| Makeup | 化妆 | Enhances features, age, or special effects. 增强特征、年龄或特效。 |
| Sightlines | 视线 | What audience can see from their seats. 观众从座位能看到什么。 |
Props are divided into personal props (carried by actor) and set props (furniture, pictures). A prop can be a symbol – a letter can represent a secret, a flower romance.
道具分为个人道具（演员随身携带）和舞台道具（家具、挂画）。道具可以具有象征意义——一封信可以代表秘密，一朵花代表爱情。
7. Lighting Terminology | 灯光术语
Lighting creates atmosphere, directs focus, and suggests time of day. Learning the basic terms enables you to discuss lighting designs with confidence.
灯光营造气氛、引导注意力并暗示时间。学习基本术语能让你自信地讨论灯光设计。
| Lighting Term | 中文 | What It Does / 作用 |
|---|---|---|
| Blackout | 黑场 | Complete darkness; often marks scene change. 全黑；常标示换场。 |
| Fade | 渐弱/渐暗 | Gradual increase or decrease in intensity. 亮度逐渐增强或减弱。 |
| Cross-fade | 交叉淡变 | One light fades out as another fades in. 一个灯渐暗同时另一个渐亮。 |
| Spotlight | 追光/定点光 | Hard-edged beam focused on a specific area. 硬边光束聚焦特定区域。 |
| Floodlight | 泛光 | Wide, soft light covering large area. 宽泛柔和的灯光覆盖大区域。 |
| Gel | 色片/滤光片 | Coloured filter placed in front of lantern. 置于灯具前的彩色滤片。 |
| Gobo | 图案片/遮光板 | Metal stencil creating shape or texture in light. 金属模板在光中投射形状或纹理。 |
Imagine 'gel' as a sweet jelly colouring the light; 'gobo' as 'goes before' the light to make patterns. These quick associations make the terms sticky.
想象"gel"像果冻一样给光上色；"gobo"像是"走在光之前"来制造图案。这些快速联想让术语更易牢记。
8. Sound Design Terms | 音效设计术语
Sound is often called the invisible actor. It underscores emotions, creates offstage worlds, and can signal transitions.
音效常被称为隐形的演员。它烘托情绪，创造后台世界，并能暗示转场。
| Sound Term | 中文 | Memory Shortcut / 记忆捷径 |
|---|---|---|
| Diegetic Sound | 剧情内音效 | Sound the characters can hear – e.g. doorbell. 角色能听到的声音，如门铃。 |
| Non-diegetic Sound | 非剧情音效 | Sound only the audience hears – e.g. background music. 只有观众听到的声音，如背景音乐。 |
| Soundscape | 声音景观 | Layered sounds creating an environment – forest, city. 层层叠加的声音创造环境——森林、城市。 |
| Underscore | 配乐/背景铺垫 | Music played quietly under dialogue. 对话下轻轻播放的音乐。 |
| Cue | 执行点/提示 | The exact moment a sound effect starts. 音效启动的精确时刻。 |
The hardest pair to remember is diegetic vs non-diegetic. Think 'diegetic' = 'dialogue in the scene can hear it'. If a radio is playing on stage and characters react, it is diegetic.
最难记的一对是剧情内和非剧情音效。设想"diegetic" = "戏中对话者能听到"。如果台上收音机在播放且角色有反应，那就是剧情内的。
9. Dramatic Genres and Styles | 戏剧体裁与风格
Every production sits in a genre or draws on a performance style. Knowing the vocabulary helps you articulate what kind of theatre you are creating or evaluating.
每部作品都属于一种体裁或借鉴一种表演风格。了解术语能帮助你清晰表达你正在创造或评价哪种类型的戏剧。
| Genre / Style | 中文 | Quick Identifier / 快速辨识 |
|---|---|---|
| Naturalism | 自然主义 | Like real life; fourth wall intact. 如同真实生活；第四堵墙存在。 |
| Epic Theatre | 史诗剧 | Brechtian; audience reminded it is a play. 布莱希特式；提醒观众这是戏。 |
| Physical Theatre | 肢体剧 | Story told primarily through movement. 主要通过动作讲述故事。 |
| Mime | 哑剧 | No words; exaggerated gestures and facial expression. 无台词；夸张手势和表情。 |
| Melodrama | 情节剧 | Exaggerated emotions, clear hero/villain. 夸张情感，黑白分明的英雄与恶棍。 |
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