📚 KS3 WJEC Political Vocabulary Quick-Memorisation Guide | KS3 WJEC 政治：词汇术语速记指南
This guide helps KS3 students master the essential political and citizenship terms for the WJEC curriculum. Each term is explained clearly, and a memorable trick is provided to lock it into long-term memory. Read the English first, then the Chinese translation — your brain will connect both languages and recall them more easily.
本指南帮助 KS3 学生掌握 WJEC 课程必备的政治与公民学词汇。每个术语都有清晰的解释和巧妙的记忆窍门，让你把它们牢牢刻进长期记忆里。先读英文，再读中文翻译，大脑会把两种语言联系起来，回忆起来就轻松多了。
1. Democracy and Citizenship | 民主与公民身份
Democracy means 'rule by the people'. In the UK, citizens have the power to choose their representatives through elections. Think of the Greek roots demos (people) and kratos (power) — together, 'people power'. When you hear 'democracy', imagine a crowd holding up voting cards.
民主的意思是“人民统治”。在英国，公民通过选举选择自己的代表。记住希腊词根 demos（人民）和 kratos（权力）——合起来就是“人民权力”。听到“democracy”，就想象一群人高举选票的场景。
A citizen is a legally recognised member of a country, with rights and responsibilities. Visualise a 'city' where everyone has a seat at the table. Citizen and city both start with 'citi-' — a citizen belongs to a city-state.
公民是一个国家法律上认可的成员，享有权利并承担义务。想象一个“城市”，每个人都有一席之地。“Citizen” 和 “city” 都以 “citi-” 开头——公民属于城市（城邦）。
2. Government, Parliament and the Executive | 政府、议会与行政机关
The UK government runs the country. It is led by the Prime Minister and ministers. Remember the phrase 'govern-ment' — it is the mind (ment) that governs (steers) the state. The Prime Minister is the head of the government, like the head prefect of a school.
英国政府管理国家。它由首相和各大臣领导。记住 “govern-ment”——它是治理（govern）国家的头脑（ment）。首相是政府的首脑，就像学校的总级长。
Parliament is the law-making body, consisting of the House of Commons, House of Lords and the Monarch. Think of 'parley' — old French for 'speak'. Parliament is where people speak, debate and decide laws. Picture a debating chamber where MPs shout 'hear, hear!'
议会是立法机构，由上议院、下议院和君主组成。想想古法语 “parley”（说话）。议会是人们发言、辩论和决定法律的地方。想象下议院里议员们高喊“hear, hear!”的画面。
3. Elections and Voting Systems | 选举与投票制度
The UK uses a First Past the Post (FPTP) system for general elections. The candidate with the most votes in each constituency wins. Think of a race — the first one to pass the post (the finishing line) wins, even if they do not have more than half of all votes.
英国大选采用简单多数制（FPTP）。每个选区得票最多的候选人获胜。想象一场赛跑——第一个冲过终点标杆（post）的人获胜，即使他们没有获得过半票数。
A constituency is a geographical area that elects one MP. Break it down: 'con-' (together) + 'stitu' (from Latin 'statuere', to set up) + '-ency' — a group of people set up together to elect a representative. Imagine a map of 650 puzzle pieces — each piece is a constituency.
选区是选举一名议员的地区。拆开来看：“con-”（共同）+ “stitu”（拉丁语“设立”）+ “-ency”——共同设立起来选举代表的一群人。想象一张由 650 片拼图组成的地图，每一片就是一个选区。
4. The Monarchy and the Constitution | 君主与宪法
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. The Monarch (King or Queen) is the head of state, but their powers are limited by law. Remember: the Monarch reigns but does not rule. Think of a crown in a glass box — it looks powerful but cannot be touched.
英国是君主立宪制国家。君主（国王或女王）是国家元首，但权力受法律限制。记住：君主“统而不治”。想象一顶放在玻璃柜里的王冠——看起来威严，却不能碰。
The UK constitution is uncodified — it is not written in a single document but comes from statutes, common law and conventions. Envision a rulebook made of scattered sticky notes, not one bound volume. That is why the UK constitution is flexible.
英国宪法是不成文宪法——它不在一部单一的文件里，而是来源于成文法、普通法和惯例。想象一本由散落的便利贴组成的规则手册，而不是一本装订好的书。这就是英国宪法灵活的原因。
5. Laws, Rights and Responsibilities | 法律、权利与义务
A right is something a person is entitled to, such as free speech. A responsibility is a duty, like obeying the law. Link them: 'right' rhymes with 'fight' (you fight for rights); 'responsibility' has 'response' — you must respond to the needs of society.
权利是一个人有权享有的东西，比如言论自由。义务是一种责任，比如遵守法律。把它们联系起来：“right” 押韵 “fight”（你为权利而斗争）；“responsibility” 里有 “response”（回应）——你必须回应社会的需要。
The Human Rights Act 1998 brought the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law. Picture a huge umbrella labelled 'HR' sheltering people from unfair treatment. The Act is that umbrella — it protects everyone equally.
《1998 年人权法案》将《欧洲人权公约》纳入了英国法律。想象一把标着“人权”的大伞，为人们遮风挡雨，免受不公正对待。该法案就是那把伞——平等地保护每一个人。
6. Political Parties and Ideologies | 政党与意识形态
ght-wing), Labour (left-wing) and Liberal Democrats (centrist). Think of a compass: right = tradition, smaller state; left = equality, bigger state; centre = balance.
政党是有组织的团体，争取权力以实施其政策。英国三个主要政党是保守党（右翼）、工党（左翼）和自由民主党（中间派）。想象一个指南针：右边代表传统、小政府；左边代表平等、大政府；中间代表平衡。
Ideology means a set of beliefs about how society should work. The word hides 'idea' — an ideology is a big idea. For example, socialism believes in shared ownership. Memorise: 'ideology = idea + logic' — the logic behind a party's ideas.
意识形态是关于社会应如何运行的一套信念。这个词里藏着“idea”（想法）——意识形态就是一个大想法。比如社会主义信奉共享所有制。记住：“意识形态 = 想法 + 逻辑”——支撑一个政党想法的逻辑。
7. Pressure Groups and Lobbying | 压力集团与游说
A pressure group is an organisation that tries to influence government policy without seeking office. Greenpeace is a famous example. Think of 'pressure' as a gentle but persistent push — like a child tugging a parent's sleeve. Groups do this to lawmakers.
压力集团是试图影响政府政策但不寻求掌权的组织。绿色和平就是一个著名例子。想象“压力”就像轻柔但持续的推动——像一个孩子拉扯父母的袖子。集团就是这样对立法者施加影响的。
Lobbying is the act of trying to persuade MPs or ministers. It comes from the 'lobby' of Parliament, where people used to wait to speak to politicians. Visualise a person in a lobby holding a sign: 'Please vote for clean air!'
游说是指试图说服议员或大臣的行为。这个词源于议会的“大厅”（lobby），过去人们在那里等着与政要交谈。想象大厅里有个人举着牌子：“请为清洁空气投票！”
8. Devolution and Local Government | 权力下放与地方政府
Devolution means transferring some powers from central government to regional bodies, like the Scottish Parliament. Break it: 'de-' (down) + 'volve' (roll) — power rolls down to a lower level. London is not the only decision-maker.
权力下放是指将中央政府的一些权力移交给地区机构，比如苏格兰议会。拆开看：“de-”（向下）+ “volve”（滚动）——权力向下滚动到较低层级。伦敦不再是唯一的决策者。
Local councils provide services such as education, waste collection and planning. Remember the 'local' connection: a council looks after your local area. Think of a council as your neighbourhood's board of managers, paid through council tax.
地方议会提供教育、垃圾收集和规划等服务。记住“local”这个词：议会照管你的本地事务。把地方议会想象成你们社区的管理委员会，经费来自市政税。
9. Justice and the Courts | 司法与法院
The UK has a judiciary that is independent of Parliament and government. Judges interpret laws, not make them. The word 'judge' and 'judicious' share the root jus (law). Picture a judge with a balanced scale, blindfolded — that is justice without bias.
英国的司法机构独立于议会和政府。法官解释法律，而非制定法律。“Judge” 和 “judicious” 共享词根 jus（法律）。想象一位蒙着眼、手持天平的法官——那就是不偏不倚的正义。
A jury is a group of 12 ordinary citizens who decide the verdict in serious criminal trials. The word reminds of 'juror' — a person who swears an oath. Think of 12 chairs and the phrase 'peers of the accused' — people just like the defendant.
陪审团是由 12 名普通公民组成的团体，在严重刑事审判中决定裁决。“Jury” 让人想起 “juror”（宣誓人）。想象 12 把椅子和“被告的同辈”这个说法——与被告一样的人。
10. Media, Public Opinion and Accountability | 媒体、舆论与问责
The media — TV, newspapers, social media — is often called the 'fourth estate' because it keeps an eye on the other three: Parliament, government and judiciary. Visualise a watchdog that barks when it spots something wrong. A free media helps democracy stay healthy.
媒体——电视、报纸、社交媒体——常被称为“第四权”，因为它监督其他三权：议会、政府和司法。想象一只看门狗，发现问题就吠叫。自由媒体让民主保持健康。
Accountability means that those in power must explain and take responsibility for their actions. The word has 'account' — you must give an account of what you did. Picture a head teacher standing up at an assembly and reporting to all pupils.
问责制意味着掌权者必须解释自己的行为并承担责任。这个词里有“account”（叙述）——你必须对自己的所作所为作出交代。想象一位校长在集会上站起来向全体学生汇报工作。
Published by TutorHao | Citizenship Revision Series | aleveler.com
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