📚 KS3 WJEC German: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | KS3 WJEC 德语:暑期预习与衔接课程
Starting secondary school German can feel like a big step, but a little summer preparation will give you the confidence to walk into your first lesson with a smile. This bridging course is designed to introduce the key language, skills and cultural knowledge you need for a smooth start to KS3 German under the WJEC curriculum.
步入中学德语课堂可能让你觉得有些紧张,但只需一点暑期预习,你就能自信满满地走进第一堂课。这个衔接课程旨在为你介绍 WJEC 课程体系下 KS3 德语所需的核心语言、技能和文化知识,助你平稳起步。
1. Why Learn German? | 为什么学德语?
German is the most widely spoken native language in Europe and one of the key languages of business, science and culture. At KS3, you will begin to explore not only the words and grammar but also the fascinating cultures of Germany, Austria and Switzerland.
德语是欧洲使用最广泛的母语,也是商业、科学和文化领域的重要语言之一。在 KS3 阶段,你不仅将开始学习词汇和语法,还会探索德国、奥地利和瑞士迷人的文化。
German and English are both Germanic languages, which means you already know hundreds of words without realising it – Hand (hand), Haus (house), Maus (mouse). This connection makes vocabulary learning quicker than you might expect.
德语和英语同属日耳曼语族,这意味着你已经在不知不觉中认识了数百个单词——Hand(手)、Haus(房子)、Maus(老鼠)。这种联系让词汇学习比你想象的要快得多。
Learning German also opens doors to understanding sentence structures, compound words and a logical grammar system that will sharpen your overall language skills.
学习德语还能打开一扇门,让你了解句子结构、复合词以及一套逻辑严密的语法体系,从而提升你的整体语言能力。
2. The German Alphabet and Pronunciation | 德语字母表与发音
Start by getting comfortable with the German alphabet. It has the same 26 letters as English, plus four extra characters: ä, ö, ü and ß (called 'Eszett' or 'scharfes S').
首先,要熟悉德语字母表。它有和英语相同的 26 个字母,外加四个额外字母:ä, ö, ü 和 ß(称为 'Eszett' 或 'scharfes S')。
Pronouncing vowels with Umlauts (the two dots) can take practice. Ä sounds similar to the 'e' in 'bed', ö is like making an 'e' shape with your mouth but saying 'o', and ü is like saying 'ee' with rounded lips.
带变音符号(两点)的元音需要练习。ä 听起来类似英语 'bed' 中的 'e',ö 的发音像是用发 'e' 的口型说 'o',而 ü 则像嘴型圆起发 'ee' 的音。
The letter 'ß' represents a sharp 'ss' sound, as in Straße (street). Always say 'w' like the English 'v', and 'v' is often pronounced like an 'f' in some words, such as Vater (father).
字母 'ß' 表示清脆的 'ss' 音,就像 Straße(街道)中那样。'w' 总是发成英语 'v' 的音,而 'v' 在某些单词中常发成 'f',例如 Vater(父亲)。
3. Greetings and Essential Courtesies | 问候与基本礼貌用语
Mastering simple greetings is your first real step into communication. The most common way to say hello is 'Hallo', while 'Guten Morgen' means good morning and 'Guten Tag' is used as good day or hello throughout the day.
掌握简单的问候语是你走向真实交流的第一步。最常见的打招呼方式是 'Hallo',而 'Guten Morgen' 意为早上好,'Guten Tag' 则在白天作为你好使用。
When saying goodbye, 'Tschüs' (informal) and 'Auf Wiedersehen' (more formal) are both very useful. Don't forget 'Bitte' (please/you're welcome) and 'Danke' (thank you) – politeness goes a long way in any language.
告别时,'Tschüs'(非正式)和 'Auf Wiedersehen'(较正式)都非常实用。不要忘记 'Bitte'(请/不客气)和 'Danke'(谢谢)——任何语言中礼貌都很重要。
You can also introduce yourself right away: 'Ich heiße...' (My name is...) and ask 'Wie heißt du?' (What is your name?).
你还可以马上介绍自己:'Ich heiße...'(我叫……),并提问 'Wie heißt du?'(你叫什么名字?)。
4. Numbers and Counting from 0 to 20 | 数字与计数 0 到 20
Numbers are essential for telling your age, giving your phone number and understanding prices. Learn 0 null, 1 eins, 2 zwei, 3 drei, 4 vier, 5 fünf, 6 sechs, 7 sieben, 8 acht, 9 neun, 10 zehn.
数字对于说出年龄、提供电话号码和理解价格至关重要。请学习 0 null,1 eins,2 zwei,3 drei,4 vier,5 fünf,6 sechs,7 sieben,8 acht,9 neun,10 zehn。
After 10, you will need 11 elf and 12 zwölf. The numbers 13 to 19 are mostly formed by saying the unit then 'zehn': dreizehn (13), vierzehn (14), fünfzehn (15), though watch out for sechzehn (16, note the loss of the 's') and siebzehn (17, note the loss of the 'en').
10 之后,你需要掌握 11 elf 和 12 zwölf。13 到 19 基本是由个位数加 'zehn' 构成:dreizehn(13)、vierzehn(14)、fünfzehn(15),不过要注意 sechzehn(16,去掉了 's')和 siebzehn(17,去掉了 'en')。
Number 20 is zwanzig. Try combining these to say your age: 'Ich bin elf Jahre alt.' (I am eleven years old).
数字 20 是 zwanzig。试着组合这些数字说出你的年龄:'Ich bin elf Jahre alt.'(我十一岁。)
5. Introducing Yourself: Name, Age and Where You Live | 介绍自己:姓名、年龄和住址
Putting together a simple personal profile is a key early skill. You already know how to say your name and age, so now add where you live: 'Ich wohne in...' (I live in...).
组合一个简单的个人简介是早期的重要技能。你已经知道如何说姓名和年龄,现在再加住址:'Ich wohne in...'(我住在……)。
To ask someone about their age, use 'Wie alt bist du?' and for where they live, 'Wo wohnst du?'. Remember that in German, the verb is always the second idea in a statement, so 'Ich wohne in London' follows a very common pattern.
询问别人的年龄用 'Wie alt bist du?',询问住址用 'Wo wohnst du?'。记住,德语陈述句中动词总是第二个成分,因此 'Ich wohne in London' 遵循了一个非常常见的模式。
Use 'Mein Geburtstag ist am...' to say when your birthday is. You will need to learn the months: Januar, Februar, März, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Oktober, November, Dezember.
用 'Mein Geburtstag ist am...' 来说你的生日是什么时候。你需要学习月份:Januar, Februar, März, April, Mai, Juni, Juli, August, September, Oktober, November, Dezember。
6. Classroom Language and Instructions | 课堂用语与指令
Understanding what your teacher says in German from day one helps you feel in control. Common instructions include: 'Hört zu!' (Listen!), 'Schreibt das auf!' (Write that down!), 'Steht auf!' (Stand up!), and 'Setzt euch!' (Sit down!).
从第一天起就能听懂老师用德语发出的指令,会让你感觉一切尽在掌握。常见的指令包括:'Hört zu!'(听好!)、'Schreibt das auf!'(记下来!)、'Steht auf!'(起立!)和 'Setzt euch!'(坐下!)。
You will also need to ask for help: 'Ich verstehe das nicht' (I don't understand that), 'Wie sagt man ... auf Deutsch?' (How do you say ... in German?) and 'Kannst du das bitte wiederholen?' (Can you repeat that please?).
你还需要会寻求帮助:'Ich verstehe das nicht'(我不明白)、'Wie sagt man ... auf Deutsch?'(……用德语怎么说?)以及 'Kannst du das bitte wiederholen?'(请你再说一遍好吗?)。
Learning the names of classroom objects builds vocabulary fast: der Tisch (table), der Stuhl (chair), die Tür (door), das Fenster (window), die Tasche (bag). Pay attention to the words 'der, die, das' – they are the three words for 'the'.
学习教室物品的名称能快速积累词汇:der Tisch(桌子)、der Stuhl(椅子)、die Tür(门)、das Fenster(窗户)、die Tasche(包)。请注意单词 'der, die, das'——它们是 'the' 的三种形式。
7. Colours, Adjectives and Simple Descriptions | 颜色、形容词与简单描述
Adding colours and adjectives makes your sentences much more interesting. The basic colours are: rot (red), blau (blue), grün (green), gelb (yellow), schwarz (black), weiß (white), braun (brown), lila (purple), orange (orange) and grau (grey).
加上颜色和形容词会让你的句子丰富得多。基本颜色是:rot(红色)、blau(蓝色)、grün(绿色)、gelb(黄色)、schwarz(黑色)、weiß(白色)、braun(棕色)、lila(紫色)、orange(橙色)和 grau(灰色)。
When a colour comes before a noun, it needs an ending, but as a beginner you can often say 'Das ist rot.' or 'Der Stift ist blau.' without worrying about endings yet. Adjectives like gro§ (big), klein (small), alt (old), neu (new) can also be used in this way.
当颜色位于名词前时需要加词尾,但作为初学者,你通常可以说 'Das ist rot.' 或者 'Der Stift ist blau.',暂时不用担心词尾。形容词如 gro§(大的)、klein(小的)、alt(老的/旧的)、neu(新的)同样可以这样使用。
Try describing your school bag: 'Meine Tasche ist rot und klein.' Combine with numbers: 'Ich habe drei blaue Stifte.' (I have three blue pens).
试着描述你的书包:'Meine Tasche ist rot und klein.'(我的书包又红又小)。结合数字:'Ich habe drei blaue Stifte.'(我有三支蓝色钢笔)。
8. Days of the Week, Dates and the Weather | 星期、日期与天气
Being able to talk about the day and weather is a very practical skill. The days are: Montag, Dienstag, Mittwoch, Donnerstag, Freitag, Samstag (or Sonnabend in some regions), Sonntag. Note that they are all capitalised, as all German nouns are.
能够谈论星期和天气是一项非常实用的技能。星期是:Montag, Dienstag, Mittwoch, Donnerstag, Freitag, Samstag(某些地区也用 Sonnabend), Sonntag。注意它们都要大写,因为德语所有名词都大写。
To say the date, use 'Heute ist Montag, der dritte September.' Ordinal numbers follow the number with a full stop: 1. (erste), 2. (zweite), 3. (dritte). Weather phrases include 'Es ist sonnig' (It is sunny), 'Es regnet' (It is raining), 'Es ist kalt' (It is cold) and 'Es ist warm' (It is warm).
要表达日期,用 'Heute ist Montag, der dritte September.' 序数词在数字后加句点构成:1. (erste), 2. (zweite), 3. (dritte)。天气短语包括 'Es ist sonnig'(晴天)、'Es regnet'(下雨)、'Es ist kalt'(冷)和 'Es ist warm'(暖和)。
Try creating a simple diary entry: 'Heute ist Dienstag. Es ist warm und sonnig. Ich spiele fu§ball.'
试着创建一个简单的日记条目:'Heute ist Dienstag. Es ist warm und sonnig. Ich spiele fu§ball.'(今天是星期二。天气暖和晴朗。我踢足球。)
9. Basic Grammar: Genders, Articles and the Verb 'sein' | 基础语法:词性、冠词与动词 sein
One of the first grammar concepts to embrace is that every German noun has a gender: masculine (der), feminine (die) or neuter (das). There are no simple rules for all nouns, so it is best to learn each noun together with its article, for example 'der Hund' (the dog), 'die Katze' (the cat), 'das Buch' (the book).
首先要接受的语法概念之一是,每个德语名词都有词性:阳性(der)、阴性(die)或中性(das)。并非所有名词都有简单规律,因此最好带着冠词一起学习每个名词,例如 'der Hund'(狗)、'die Katze'(猫)、'das Buch'(书)。
The verb 'sein' (to be) is irregular but absolutely essential. Its forms in the present tense are: ich bin (I am), du bist (you are – informal), er/sie/es ist (he/she/it is), wir sind (we are), ihr seid (you are – plural informal), sie/Sie sind (they are/you are – formal).
动词 'sein'(是)虽然不规则,但绝对必要。它的现在时形式是:ich bin(我是)、du bist(你是——非正式)、er/sie/es ist(他/她/它是)、wir sind(我们是)、ihr seid(你们是——非正式复数)、sie/Sie sind(他们/您/你们是——正式)。
Use 'sein' with adjectives: 'Ich bin müde.' (I am tired), 'Das Wetter ist schön.' (The weather is nice). This verb will appear in almost every conversation.
用 'sein' 搭配形容词:'Ich bin müde.'(我累了)、'Das Wetter ist schön.'(天气很好)。这个动词几乎会出现在每一段对话中。
10. Another Key Verb: 'haben' and Talking about Family | 另一个关键动词:haben 与谈论家庭
The verb 'haben' (to have) is used to talk about possessions, family and many expressions. Present tense forms are: ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben.
动词 'haben'(有)用于谈论所有物、家庭以及许多表达。现在时形式是:ich habe, du hast, er/sie/es hat, wir haben, ihr habt, sie/Sie haben。
Introduce your family using 'haben' and 'sein'. 'Ich habe einen Bruder.' (I have a brother), 'Meine Schwester ist zwölf Jahre alt.' (My sister is twelve years old). Family words to know: die Mutter (mother), der Vater (father), die Schwester (sister), der Bruder (brother), die Gro§eltern (grandparents).
使用 'haben' 和 'sein' 介绍你的家人。'Ich habe einen Bruder.'(我有一个哥哥/弟弟)、'Meine Schwester ist zwölf Jahre alt.'(我姐姐/妹妹十二岁了)。需要了解的家庭词汇:die Mutter(母亲)、der Vater(父亲)、die Schwester(姐妹)、der Bruder(兄弟)、die Gro§eltern(祖父母)。
Notice how after 'haben' the noun can change: 'einen Bruder' (masculine accusative). As a start, just be aware that 'der' sometimes becomes 'den' after certain verbs – this is the accusative case.
注意 'haben' 后面的名词可能会变化:'einen Bruder'(阳性宾格)。入门阶段只需知道,在某些动词后 'der' 有时会变成 'den'——这就是宾格。
11. Hobbies and Free Time: 'gern' and Simple Sentences | 爱好与休闲时光:gern 与简单语句
Talking about what you like doing is a brilliant way to keep conversations going. Use the verb plus 'gern' to express liking: 'Ich spiele gern Fu§ball' (I like playing football), 'Ich lese gern' (I like reading).
谈论你喜欢做什么是维持对话的好方法。用动词加 'gern' 来表达喜欢:'Ich spiele gern Fu§ball'(我喜欢踢足球)、'Ich lese gern'(我喜欢阅读)。
Some useful free-time verbs are: spielen (to play), lesen (to read), schwimmen (to swim), tanzen (to dance), Musik h?ren (to listen to music), fernsehen (to watch TV). Remember that 'fernsehen' is a separable verb: 'Ich sehe gern fern.'
一些有用的休闲动词有:spielen(玩)、lesen(阅读)、schwimmen(游泳)、tanzen(跳舞)、Musik h?ren(听音乐)、fernsehen(看电视)。记住 'fernsehen' 是可分动词:'Ich sehe gern fern.'
To ask someone about their hobbies, use 'Was machst du gern?' or 'Was sind deine Hobbys?'. You can also say what you don't like: 'Ich spiele nicht gern Tennis.'
要询问别人的爱好,用 'Was machst du gern?' 或 'Was sind deine Hobbys?'。你也可以说出不喜欢的事:'Ich spiele nicht gern Tennis.'(我不喜欢打网球。)
12. A Glimpse into German-Speaking Cultures | 德语国家文化一瞥
Language learning is much richer when you connect with the cultures behind it. Germany is known for its diverse landscapes, from the Alps in the south to the North Sea coast. Austria offers classical music heritage, and Switzerland has four official languages, with German being the most widely spoken.
当你与语言背后的文化相连时,语言学习会变得丰富得多。德国以其多样的地貌而闻名,从南部的阿尔卑斯山脉到北海海岸。奥地利拥有古典音乐遗产,而瑞士有四种官方语言,其中德语使用最广。
Many festivals and traditions are fun to learn about: Oktoberfest is not the only one; there are Christmas markets (Weihnachtsm?rkte), Easter fires (Osterfeuer) and 'Schultüte' – a special cone of treats given to children on their first day of school. This custom shows how important starting school is in German-speaking countries.
许多节日和传统都很有趣:慕尼黑啤酒节并不是唯一的一个;还有圣诞市场(Weihnachtsm?rkte)、复活节篝火(Osterfeuer)以及 'Schultüte'——在孩子入学第一天送给他们的装满礼物的特殊锥形筒。这个习俗体现了德语国家对开启学校生活的重视。
In your KS3 course, you will gradually encounter songs, short films and projects that bring these cultures to life. Keeping an open mind and being curious will make your German learning experience far more rewarding.
在 KS3 课程中,你将逐渐接触到歌曲、短片和项目,让这些文化变得鲜活。保持开放的心态和好奇心,会让你的德语学习之旅收获更多。
Published by TutorHao | German Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022(同微信)

或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图