📚 KS3 WJEC Chemistry: A Guide to Memorising Key Vocabulary & Terminology | KS3 WJEC 化学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering chemistry starts with understanding its language. This guide breaks down the essential KS3 WJEC chemistry vocabulary into bite‑sized, memorable chunks. Each section pairs a clear English explanation with its Chinese equivalent, followed by practical tips to lock the terms into your long‑term memory.
掌握化学的第一步是理解它的语言。这份指南将 KS3 WJEC 化学的核心词汇拆解成易于记忆的小块，每个部分都配以清晰的英文解释和中文对应，让你轻松把术语深深印在脑海里。
1. Atoms, Elements and Compounds | 原子、元素和化合物
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can exist on its own. Everything is made of atoms.
原子是能够独立存在的一种元素的最小粒子。万物皆由原子构成。
An element is a substance made of only one type of atom. Think of the Periodic Table — each square lists a different element, such as oxygen (O) or iron (Fe). A compound is a substance formed when two or more different elements chemically bond together, like water (H₂O) from hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
元素是仅由一种原子构成的物质。想象一下元素周期表——每个方格列出一个不同的元素，比如氧（O）或铁（Fe）。化合物是由两种或两种以上不同元素通过化学键结合而成的物质，比如水（H₂O）由氢原子和氧原子构成。
Memory trick: Picture elements as individual Lego bricks and compounds as models built by clicking different bricks together. ‘Compounds are combined.’
记忆窍门：把元素想象成单个积木块，化合物则是由不同积木拼成的模型。“化合物就是组合物”。
2. The Periodic Table | 元素周期表
The Periodic Table organizes all known elements in rows (periods) and columns (groups) based on their atomic structure. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
元素周期表将所有已知元素按原子结构排成行（周期）和列（族）。同族元素具有相似的化学性质。
A group is a vertical column. For example, Group 1 contains lithium, sodium, and potassium — all soft, highly reactive metals. A period is a horizontal row; as you move across a period, the elements change from metals to non‑metals.
族是竖列。例如，第1族包含锂、钠和钾——都是质软、反应性极高的金属。周期是横行；沿着周期从左到右，元素从金属过渡到非金属。
Memory trick: Sing the first 20 elements to a familiar tune. Use the phrase “Giant Penguins Sit Silently” to remember Group (vertical), Period (horizontal).
记忆窍门：用熟悉的旋律唱出前20号元素。用“竖族横行”的口诀区分族（竖列）和周期（横行）。
3. States of Matter | 物质的状态
Substances exist as solid, liquid or gas. The state depends on how strongly the particles are held together and how much they move.
物质以固态、液态或气态存在。状态取决于粒子间结合的紧密程度和运动幅度。
- Solid: particles vibrate in fixed positions. Definite shape and volume.
- Liquid: particles slide past each other. Definite volume, no fixed shape.
- Gas: particles move rapidly and spread out. No fixed shape or volume.
- 固体：粒子在固定位置振动。有确定的形状和体积。
- 液体：粒子互相滑动。体积确定，形状随容器改变。
- 气体：粒子快速运动并扩散。无固定形状和体积。
Memory trick: Think of a school canteen — solids sit neatly in rows (classroom), liquids flow (corridor), gases run wild (playground).
记忆窍门：想象一个学校食堂——固体像在教室里整齐就座，液体像在走廊流动，气体像在操场上疯跑。
4. Physical and Chemical Changes | 物理变化与化学变化
A physical change alters the appearance or form of a substance but no new substance is made, like melting ice into water. It is usually reversible.
物理变化改变物质的外观或形态，但没有生成新物质，比如冰融化成水。通常可逆。
A chemical change (or chemical reaction) involves making one or more new substances with different properties. Signs include colour change, gas release, or a precipitate forming. Cooking an egg is a chemical change — you cannot un‑cook it.
化学变化（或化学反应）会生成一种或多种性质不同的新物质。现象包括颜色改变、气体放出或生成沉淀。煎蛋就是化学变化——无法变回生鸡蛋。
Memory trick: ‘Physical is Reversible, Chemical is New.’ If you can get the original material back easily, it’s likely physical.
记忆窍门：“物理可逆，化学出新”。如果能轻松恢复原物质，一般都是物理变化。
5. Acids and Alkalis | 酸和碱
Acids are substances with a pH less than 7. They taste sour (never taste in a lab!) and turn blue litmus paper red. Common examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and vinegar (acetic acid).
酸是pH值小于7的物质。它们有酸味（实验室里绝不入口！），使蓝色石蕊试纸变红。常见例子有盐酸（HCl）和醋（醋酸）。
Alkalis are soluble bases with a pH greater than 7. They feel soapy and turn red litmus paper blue. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a typical alkali.
碱是可溶的、pH大于7的物质。触感滑腻，使红色石蕊试纸变蓝。氢氧化钠（NaOH）是典型的碱。
Memory trick: ‘Acid Red, Alkali Blue’ — ARAB. Think of a red Arabian carpet for acid turning litmus red.
记忆窍门：“酸红碱蓝”——ARAB（酸红碱蓝的首字母缩写）。想象一张红色阿拉伯地毯帮助记忆酸使石蕊变红。
6. The pH Scale | pH 值标度
The pH scale measures how acidic or alkaline a solution is. It ranges from 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most alkaline), with 7 being neutral (pure water).
pH标度用于衡量溶液的酸碱度。范围从0（最强酸性）到14（最强碱性），7为中性（纯水）。
Each step on the scale is a ten‑fold change in acidity. Universal indicator produces a rainbow of colours: red/orange for acids, green for neutral, blue/purple for alkalis.
标度上每一级代表酸度变化10倍。通用指示剂呈现彩虹般颜色：酸性呈红/橙色，中性显绿色，碱性呈蓝/紫色。
Memory trick: ‘Seven is Heaven’ — neutral. Visualise a rainbow with red at 0, green at 7, violet at 14.
记忆窍门：“七为天”——中性。想象彩虹，红端是0，绿色在7，紫端是14。
7. Mixtures and Separation Techniques | 混合物与分离技术
A mixture contains two or more substances physically combined but not chemically bonded. Each part keeps its own properties.
混合物包含两种或多种物质物理混合，但未发生化学键合。各组分保持自身性质。
| Filtration (过滤) | Separates insoluble solid from liquid using filter paper. | 用滤纸分离不溶性固体与液体。 |
| Evaporation (蒸发) | Removes liquid to leave dissolved solid behind. | 蒸发液体，留下溶解的固体。 |
| Distillation (蒸馏) | Separates a solvent from a solution by boiling and condensing. | 通过沸腾与冷凝从溶液中分离溶剂。 |
| Chromatography (色谱法) | Separates coloured substances based on solubility. | 根据溶解度的不同分离有色物质。 |
Memory trick: ‘Fizzy Evie Drinks Cola’ — Filtration, Evaporation, Distillation, Chromatography.
记忆窍门：“Fizzy Evie Drinks Cola”——过滤、蒸发、蒸馏、色谱法。
8. Chemical Reactions and Equations | 化学反应与方程式
In a chemical reaction, reactants turn into products. We represent this with a word equation or a symbol equation.
在化学反应中，反应物转变为生成物。我们用文字方程式或符号方程式来表示。
A word equation uses the names of the substances, e.g., methane + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. A symbol equation uses chemical formulae and must be balanced so that the number of atoms is equal on both sides.
文字方程式使用物质名称，例如：甲烷 + 氧气 → 二氧化碳 + 水。符号方程式使用化学式，且必须配平，使两边各元素的原子数目相等。
Memory trick: ow eating the reactants and spitting out products. Use the M.R.S. GREN for balancing: Make Really Sure – Same number on Each side.
记忆窍门：反应物 → 生成物；想象箭头吞下反应物并吐出生成物。配平时记着“两边原子必须相等”。
9. Key Laboratory Equipment | 关键实验室设备
Knowing the names of common apparatus helps you follow instructions and stay safe.
认识常见仪器的名称有助于你理解实验步骤并确保安全。
- Beaker (烧杯): wide glass container for stirring and heating liquids.
- Conical flask (锥形瓶): narrow neck reduces splashing when swirling.
- Measuring cylinder (量筒): measures liquid volume precisely.
- Bunsen burner (本生灯): produces a hot flame for heating.
- Tripod and gauze (三脚架和石棉网): supports containers above a flame.
- 烧杯：广口玻璃容器，用于搅拌和加热液体。
- 锥形瓶：窄颈设计，摇动时可减少飞溅。
- 量筒：精确量取液体体积。
- 本生灯：产生高温火焰用于加热。
- 三脚架和石棉网：将容器支撑在火焰上方。
Memory trick: Label a photo of your own lab tray. Draw quick sketches and name them aloud.
记忆窍门：给自己的实验盘拍张照片并标记。快速画出草图并大声念出名称。
10. Common Hazard Symbols | 常见危险符号
Safety is the first rule in chemistry. You must recognise these hazard symbols instantly.
安全是化学的第一法则。你必须瞬间认出这些危险符号。
| Corrosive (腐蚀性) | Attacks and destroys living tissue and materials. Symbol: test tube pouring liquid on hand and surface. | 腐蚀性——侵蚀并破坏活体组织和材料。图示：试管向手和表面倾倒液体。 |
| Flammable (易燃) | Catches fire easily. Symbol: flame. | 易燃——极易着火。图示：火焰。 |
| Toxic (有毒) | Can cause death or serious harm if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed. Symbol: skull and crossbones. | 有毒——吞食、吸入或皮肤吸收可致死或严重伤害。图示：骷髅头。 |
| Oxidising (氧化性) | Can cause fire or explosion by providing oxygen. Symbol: circle with flames above it. | 氧化性——通过提供氧气引发火灾或爆炸。图示：圆圈上方有火焰。 |
Memory trick: Make a mini‑poster with coloured symbols and hang it where you study. Say the English and Chinese names each time you pass.
记忆窍门：制作一张彩色符号迷你海报贴在学习处。每次路过都念出中英文名称。
11. Atomic Structure Vocabulary | 原子结构词汇
Inside the atom there are three sub‑atomic particles: protons, neutrons and electrons.
原子内部有三种亚原子粒子：质子、中子和电子。
- Proton (+1 charge, mass 1): found in the nucleus, determines the element.
- Neutron (0 charge, mass 1): also in the nucleus, holds protons together.
- Electron (-1 charge, mass ~1/2000): orbits the nucleus in shells.
- 质子（带+1电荷，质量1）：位于原子核内，决定元素种类。
- 中子（不带电，质量1）：也在原子核内，起黏合质子的作用。
- 电子（带-1电荷，质量约1/2000）：在核外按电子层轨道运动。
The atomic number is the number of protons, which also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom. The mass number is protons + neutrons.
原子序数是质子数，中性原子中电子数与之相等。质量数是质子数与中子数之和。
Memory trick: ‘Proton Positive, Neutron Neutral.’ Think of a proton as a happy + smiley. Electron is tiny and negative, like a little spark.
记忆窍门：“质子正，中子中”。把质子想象成一个带正号的微笑脸。电子极小带负电，像一粒小火花。
12. Memorisation Tips and Tricks | 记忆技巧与窍门
Vocabulary sticks best when you use multiple senses. Try the following routines each week.
调动多种感官时，词汇记得最牢。试试每周做以下练习。
Flashcards: inition and a drawing on the other. Quiz yourself English → Chinese and Chinese → English.
闪卡：一面写术语，另一面写定义并配上简图。自测英译中和中译英。
Word maps: Place a term like ‘neutralisation’ in the centre, then branch out to related words: acid, alkali, salt, water, pH 7.
词汇导图：把像“中和”这样的词放在中心，然后向外分支连接相关词：酸、碱、盐、水、pH 7。
Mnemonics family: Create silly sentences. For the reactivity series: “Please Stop Calling Me A Cute Zebra, I Like Her Croutons” (Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Hydrogen, Copper).
记忆宫殿/口诀：编造滑稽句子。比如活动性序列：“Please Stop Calling Me A Cute Zebra, I Like Her Croutons”（钾、钠、钙、镁、铝、碳、锌、铁、铅、氢、铜）。
Teach a friend: Explain a concept out loud using the English and Chinese terms. Teaching is one of the best ways to learn.
教给朋友：用中英文术语把概念大声讲出来。教别人是最好的学习方式之一。
Link to real life: Spot chemistry at home — vinegar is an acid, baking powder release carbon dioxide, rusting is an oxidation reaction. Saying the terms in context anchors them in memory.
联系生活：在家里发现化学——醋是酸，泡打粉释放二氧化碳，生锈是氧化反应。在真实场景中使用术语会让它们根深蒂固。
Published by TutorHao | Chemistry Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图