📚 KS3 AQA French: Summer Preview and Bridging Course | KS3 AQA 法语：暑期预习与衔接课程
Moving from primary school to Key Stage 3 French is an exciting step, and the summer break is the perfect time to build confidence before the new term begins. This preview and bridging guide introduces you to the essential vocabulary, grammar, and cultural topics you will meet in Year 7–9 French following the AQA KS3 framework. By practising a little each day, you can start the academic year with a solid foundation in greetings, numbers, present-tense verbs, adjective agreements, and everyday conversations about yourself, school, hobbies, and food.
从小学升入关键阶段3法语是令人激动的一步，暑假正是新学期开始前建立信心的最佳时机。本预习与衔接指南将为你介绍AQA KS3框架下你会遇到的必备词汇、语法和文化话题。只需每天练习一点，你就能打好基础，自信地开始学年，内容包括问候、数字、现在时动词、形容词配合以及关于你自己、学校、爱好和食物的日常会话。
1. Welcome to KS3 French | 欢迎来到KS3法语
KS3 French under the AQA programme introduces learners to the French-speaking world through practical communication skills. You will learn how to talk about yourself, your family, your school life, and your interests, while gradually building a strong grasp of grammar and pronunciation. The course encourages you to listen, speak, read, and write in French from the very first lesson, using authentic materials such as songs, short videos, and simple texts.
AQA课程体系下的KS3法语通过实用的沟通技能将你引入法语世界。你将学习谈论自己、家人、学校生活和兴趣爱好，同时逐步掌握扎实的语法和发音。课程鼓励你从第一节课就开始用法语听、说、读、写，使用歌曲、短视频和简易文章等真实素材。
The summer bridging work is designed to give you a head start. It covers six key areas: pronunciation and the alphabet, basic greetings, numbers up to 100, the present tense of high-frequency verbs, noun gender and articles, and simple sentence building. If you can master these foundations before September, you will feel much more relaxed in class and ready to absorb new content.
暑期衔接练习旨在让你领先一步。它涵盖六个关键领域：语音和字母表、基本问候、数字1-100、高频动词的现在时、名词性数和冠词以及简单造句。如果你能在九月前掌握这些基础，课堂上你会轻松很多，也更善于吸收新内容。
2. The French Alphabet and Sounds | 法语字母与发音
French uses the same 26 letters as English, but the pronunciation can be quite different. Pay special attention to accents: the acute accent (é) gives an ‘ay’ sound as in ‘café’, the grave accent (è) produces an open ‘eh’ sound as in ‘très’, the circumflex (ê) often lengthens the vowel, and the cedilla (ç) softens the ‘c’ to an ‘s’ sound. Listening to the alphabet song and repeating each letter daily will help you spell your name in French and recognise words when the teacher spells them aloud.
法语与英语使用相同的26个字母，但发音有很大不同。特别注意重音符号：尖音符（é）发类似“ay”的音，如“café”；重音符（è）发出开放的“eh”音，如“très”；长音符（ê）通常延长元音；软音符（ç）将“c”软化为“s”音。每天听字母歌并重复每个字母，能帮助你用法语拼写自己的名字，并在老师口头拼读时识别单词。
A few difficult sounds to practise are the French ‘r’ (from the back of the throat), the nasal vowels in words like ‘bon’, ‘vin’ and ‘un’, and the silent final consonants. For instance, in ‘Paris’ the final ‘s’ is not pronounced, and in ‘petit’ the final ‘t’ is silent. Saying words slowly and exaggerating the mouth shape is a great way to train your ear and your tongue.
需要练习的几个难点发音包括法语的小舌音“r”，单词“bon”“vin”“un”中的鼻化元音，以及不发音的词尾辅音。例如，“Paris”中末尾的“s”不发音，“petit”中末尾的“t”不发音。缓慢朗读单词并夸张口型，是训练耳朵和舌头的绝佳方法。
3. Greetings, Introductions and Feelings | 问候、自我介绍与感受
Your first conversations in French will revolve around saying hello, asking how someone is, introducing yourself, and saying goodbye. Master these key phrases:
你的初学者法语对话将围绕打招呼、询问近况、介绍自己和告别展开。请掌握以下关键短语：
- Bonjour – Hello / Good morning – 你好 / 早上好
- Salut – Hi (informal) – 嗨（非正式）
- Je m'appelle... – My name is... – 我叫……
- Ça va ? – How are you? – 你好吗？
- Ça va bien, merci. – I'm fine, thanks. – 我很好，谢谢。
- Au revoir – Goodbye – 再见
- À bientôt – See you soon – 待会儿见
You can also express how you are feeling with simple adjectives: Je suis content(e) (I am happy), Je suis fatigué(e) (I am tired). Remember that adjectives often add an extra 'e' when the speaker is female, but this is not yet compulsory at the early stage; just be aware that written French sometimes changes the endings.
你还可以用简单的形容词表达感受：Je suis content(e)（我很开心），Je suis fatigué(e)（我很累）。注意，当说话者为女性时，形容词通常加“e”，但初级阶段不强制要求，只需了解书面法语中词尾有时会发生变化。
4. Numbers, Dates and Telling Your Age | 数字、日期与年龄
Numbers are essential for giving your age, saying the date, and understanding prices. Learn to count from 0 to 31 first, then extend to 100 over the summer. The tricky part is remembering the patterns: 70 is soixante-dix (sixty-ten), 80 is quatre-vingts (four-twenties), and 90 is quatre-vingt-dix (four-twenty-ten). Practice little and often using a number grid or a flashcard app.
数字在表达年龄、日期和理解价格时必不可少。先学习从0数到31，然后在暑假扩展到100。难点在于记住数字的构成模式：70是soixante-dix（六十加十），80是quatre-vingts（四个二十），90是quatre-vingt-dix（四个二十加十）。使用数字表或闪卡应用进行少量多次的练习。
| Number | French | 中文 |
| 10 | dix | 十 |
| 21 | vingt et un | 二十一 |
| 76 | soixante-seize | 七十六 |
| 99 | quatre-vingt-dix-neuf | 九十九 |
To say your age, use the verb avoir: J'ai onze ans (I am 11 years old). To ask someone their age, say Quel âge as-tu ? (How old are you?). Dates are written with the day first, then the month: le 5 septembre (the 5th of September). The months are not capitalised in French unless they begin a sentence.
说年龄要用动词avoir：J'ai onze ans（我11岁）。询问对方年龄说Quel âge as-tu ?（你几岁？）。日期的顺序是日在前、月在后：le 5 septembre（9月5日）。月份在法语中除非句首，否则不大写。
5. Nouns, Gender and Articles | 名词、性别与冠词
All French nouns have a gender: masculine or feminine. This affects which article you use: un (a, masculine) and une (a, feminine) for indefinite articles; le (the, masculine) and la (the, feminine) for definite articles. When a noun begins with a vowel or silent 'h', le or la becomes l', as in l'école (the school). There is no simple rule to guess the gender of every noun, so it is best to learn each new noun with its article – memorise un cahier rather than just cahier.
所有法语名词都有性别：阳性或阴性。这会影响所使用的冠词：不定冠词用un（一个，阳性）和une（一个，阴性）；定冠词用le（这个/那个，阳性）和la（这个/那个，阴性）。当名词以元音或不发音的“h”开头时，le或la变成l'，如l'école（学校）。辨别每个名词的性别没有简单规律，因此最好将每个新名词与其冠词一起记忆——记un cahier而不是只记cahier。
Plural nouns usually take an 's' at the end, which is silent in speech. The articles become des (some) for indefinite and les for definite. For example: un stylo (a pen) → des stylos (some pens); la table (the table) → les tables (the tables). Pay attention to common classroom objects: un livre (book), une trousse (pencil case), un tableau (board). Make your own labelled flashcards to reinforce both meaning and gender.
复数名词通常在词尾加“s”，口语中不发音。不定冠词复数用des，定冠词复数用les。例如：un stylo（一支笔）→ des stylos（一些笔）；la table（桌子）→ les tables（桌子们）。留意常见的教室物品：un livre（书）、une trousse（铅笔盒）、un tableau（黑板）。自己制作带标签的闪卡，巩固词义和性别。
6. The Verbs 'être' and 'avoir' in the Present Tense | 动词“être”与“avoir”的现在时
The two most important verbs in French are être (to be) and avoir (to have). You will use them constantly to describe people, talk about possessions, state ages, and form the past tense later. Learn the full present-tense conjugations until they become automatic.
法语中最重要的两个动词是être（是）和avoir（有）。你会不断使用它们来描述人物、谈论拥有、表达年龄以及以后构成过去时。请熟记完整的现在时变位，直到脱口而出。
| Pronoun | Être | Avoir | 中文 |
| je | suis | ai | 我是/我有 |
| tu | es | as | 你是/你有（非正式） |
| il/elle/on | est | a | 他/她/人们是/有 |
| nous | sommes | avons | 我们是/有 |
| vous | êtes | avez | 你们/您是/有 |
| ils/elles | sont | ont | 他们/她们是/有 |
Try building short sentences: Je suis anglais(e). (I am English.) Tu as un chien. (You have a dog.) Nous sommes à l'école. (We are at school.) Notice that on is very common in spoken French and means 'we' or 'people in general'. Repeating these patterns aloud will cement them in your memory.
尝试造短句：Je suis anglais(e).（我是英国人。）Tu as un chien.（你有一条狗。）Nous sommes à l'école.（我们在学校。）注意，on在口语中非常常用，意为“我们”或“人们”。大声重复这些句型能让它们牢记于心。
7. Regular -er Verbs in the Present Tense | 规则-er动词的现在时
The largest family of French verbs ends in -er, such as parler (to speak), aimer (to like / to love), habiter (to live), and écouter (to listen). To conjugate a regular -er verb, remove the -er and add the endings: -e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent. The endings for je, tu, il/elle/on and ils/elles are silent, so they all sound the same in spoken French – the only difference you hear is with nous and vous.
最大的一类法语动词以-er结尾，例如parler（说话）、aimer（喜欢/爱）、habiter（居住）和écouter（听）。变位规则是去掉-er，加上词尾：-e, -es, -e, -ons, -ez, -ent。je、tu、il/elle/on和ils/elles的词尾不发音，口语发音完全相同，只有nous和vous你能听出区别。
Here is parler conjugated: je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent. Make sentences such as J'habite à Londres. (I live in London.) Tu aimes le football ? (Do you like football?) and Nous écoutons de la musique. (We listen to music.) To form a negative, put ne ... pas around the verb: Je ne parle pas espagnol. (I do not speak Spanish.)
以下是parler的变位：je parle, tu parles, il/elle/on parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent. 造一些句子，例如J'habite à Londres.（我住在伦敦。）Tu aimes le football ?（你喜欢足球吗？）以及Nous écoutons de la musique.（我们听音乐。）构成否定句时，把ne ... pas放在动词两边：Je ne parle pas espagnol.（我不说西班牙语。）
8. Describing People and Adjective Agreement | 描述他人与形容词配合
Adjectives describe nouns and must agree in gender and number. Most adjectives add an -e for feminine and an -s for plural. For example: grand (tall, masculine) becomes grande (feminine), and grands (masculine plural). Some common adjectives like intelligent and patient follow this pattern. However, adjectives that already end in -e, such as sympathique or timide, stay the same in masculine and feminine.
形容词用来描述名词，必须在性和数上保持一致。大多数形容词在阴性时加-e，复数时加-s。例如：grand（高的，阳性）变为grande（阴性），复数阳性为grands。一些常见形容词如intelligent（聪明的）和patient（耐心的）遵循这个规律。但本身以-e结尾的形容词，如sympathique（友善的）或timide（害羞的），阴阳性同形。
Describe yourself and a friend: Je suis petit et sportif. Ma sœur est grande et créative. (I am short and sporty. My sister is tall and creative.) The adjective usually comes after the noun in French, but some short, very common adjectives like bon, petit, jeune, and vieux can come before. Practise making sentences with Il est and Elle est to build confidence in switching between masculine and feminine forms.
描述自己和朋友：Je suis petit et sportif. Ma sœur est grande et créative.（我个子小且爱运动。我姐姐很高且有创造力。）法语中形容词通常放在名词之后，但一些常见短形容词如bon、petit、jeune和vieux可放在名词之前。练习用Il est和Elle est造句，自如切换阳性和阴性形式。
9. School Subjects, Timetable and Opinions | 学校科目、课程表与表达看法
Talking about school is a big part of KS3 French. You will need to name subjects, describe your timetable, and give simple opinions. Key vocabulary includes: le français (French), l'anglais (English), les maths (maths), l'histoire-géo (history-geography), les sciences (science), le sport (PE), and la musique (music). To say which day you have a lesson, use le lundi (on Mondays), le mardi etc.
谈论学校是KS3法语的重要内容。你需要说出科目名称、描述课程表并给出简单看法。关键词汇包括：le français（法语）、l'anglais（英语）、les maths（数学）、l'histoire-géo（历史地理）、les sciences（科学）、le sport（体育）和la musique（音乐）。表达某天有课用le lundi（星期一），依此类推。
Giving opinions is a great way to extend your sentences. Use J'aime (I like), Je n'aime pas (I don't like), J'adore (I love) and Je déteste (I hate). Connect them with parce que c'est... (because it is...) followed by an adjective like intéressant, ennuyeux (boring), facile (easy), or difficile (difficult). For example: J'aime les maths parce que c'est intéressant, mais je n'aime pas le dessin parce que c'est difficile. (I like maths because it is interesting, but I don't like art because it is difficult.)
表达看法是拓展句子的好方法。使用J'aime（我喜欢）、Je n'aime pas（我不喜欢）、J'adore（我热爱）和Je déteste（我讨厌）。用parce que c'est...（因为它是……）连接，后接形容词如intéressant（有趣的）、ennuyeux（无聊的）、facile（简单的）或difficile（困难的）。例如：J'aime les maths parce que c'est intéressant, mais je n'aime pas le dessin parce que c'est difficile.（我喜欢数学因为它有趣，但我不喜欢美术因为它很难。）
10. Hobbies and Leisure Activities | 爱好与休闲活动
Being able to talk about what you do in your free time makes conversations much more natural. Combine the verb faire (to do) with activities: je fais du sport (I do sport), je fais de la natation (I go swimming), je fais du vélo (I go cycling). You can also use jouer à for sports and games: je joue au foot (I play football), je joue aux jeux vidéo (I play video games). For musical instruments, use jouer de: je joue du piano (I play the piano).
能够谈论休闲活动让对话更加自然。将动词faire（做）与活动搭配：je fais du sport（我做运动）、je fais de la natation（我去游泳）、je fais du vélo（我骑自行车）。运动与游戏也可以用jouer à：je joue au foot（我踢足球）、je joue aux jeux vidéo（我玩电子游戏）。乐器则用jouer de：je joue du piano（我弹钢琴）。
Ask a friend about their hobbies with Qu'est-ce que tu fais pendant ton temps libre ? (What do you do in your free time?) or Tu aimes faire du sport ? (Do you like doing sport?) Try to describe how often you do activities using souvent (often), parfois (sometimes), tous les jours (every day) and le week-end (at the weekend). Building this vocabulary early will help you express your personality in French right away.
用Qu'est-ce que tu fais pendant ton temps libre ?（你空闲时间做什么？）或Tu aimes faire du sport ?（你喜欢运动吗？）来询问朋友的爱好。试着用souvent（经常）、parfois（有时）、tous les jours（每天）和le week-end（在周末）描述你进行活动的频率。尽早积累这些词汇能让你立刻用法语展现自己的个性。
11. Food, Drink and Ordering in a Café | 食物、饮品与咖啡馆点餐
Food is another topic that appears throughout KS3. Start with common items: le pain (bread), le fromage (cheese), un croissant, une pomme (an apple), un jus d'orange (orange juice), de l'eau (water), un coca. Use the verb manger (to eat) and boire (to drink): Je mange une pizza. (I eat a pizza.) Je bois un chocolat chaud. (I drink a hot chocolate.)
食物是贯穿KS3的另一话题。从常见物品开始：le pain（面包）、le fromage（奶酪）、un croissant（羊角面包）、une pomme（苹果）、un jus d'orange（橙汁）、de l'eau（水）、un coca。使用动词manger（吃）和boire（喝）：Je mange une pizza.（我吃披萨。）Je bois un chocolat chaud.（我喝热巧克力。）
Learn how to order in a café: Je voudrais un sandwich au fromage, s'il vous plaît. (I would like a cheese sandwich, please.) L'addition, s'il vous plaît. (The bill, please.) You can also express preferences with J'aime and Je préfère (I prefer), and describe meals with le petit déjeuner (breakfast), le déjeuner (lunch), and le dîner (dinner). Practise role-playing a café dialogue with a family member to make the phrases stick.
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