📚 A-Level CIE Music: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | A-Level CIE 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the precise vocabulary of music is essential for A-Level CIE candidates. This guide presents key terms across tempo, dynamics, articulation, expression, scales, harmony, texture, form, ornaments, instrumental techniques, and performance directions in clear, bilingual pairs to aid rapid memorisation and confident application in written papers, listening, and analysis.
掌握精确的音乐词汇对 A-Level CIE 考生至关重要。本指南以清晰的双语对照形式，覆盖速度、力度、演奏法、表情、音阶、和声、织体、曲式、装饰音、乐器技法及演奏指示等核心术语，帮助快速记忆，并在笔试、听力与分析中自信运用。
1. Tempo Markings | 速度标记
Tempo markings indicate the speed at which a piece or passage of music should be played. They are traditionally written in Italian at the beginning of a score and often supplemented by metronome marks (BPM).
速度标记指示乐曲或乐段演奏的速度。传统上使用意大利语标注在乐谱开头，并常补充节拍器标记（BPM）。
Largo – very slow and broad, typically 40–60 BPM. It conveys a solemn, majestic, or expansive character.
Largo – 非常缓慢宽广，通常40–60 BPM，传达庄严、宏伟或广阔的性格。
Adagio – slow and stately, around 66–76 BPM, literally 'at ease', creating a calm, relaxed mood.
Adagio – 缓慢而庄重，约66–76 BPM，字面意为'从容的'，营造平静、放松的情绪。
Andante – a walking pace, roughly 76–108 BPM, indicating a moderately slow, flowing tempo.
Andante – 行板，大约76–108 BPM，表示中等偏慢、流畅的速度。
Moderato – moderate speed, usually 108–120 BPM, providing a balanced, steady pulse.
Moderato – 中板，通常108–120 BPM，提供平衡、稳定的脉搏感。
Allegro – fast and lively, around 120–156 BPM, often used for cheerful or energetic sections.
Allegro – 快板，约120–156 BPM，通常用于欢快或充满活力的乐段。
Presto – very fast, 168–200 BPM, driving excitement and urgency.
Presto – 急板，168–200 BPM，带来激动与急迫感。
Ritardando (rit.) / Rallentando (rall.) – gradually slowing down, often used to ease into a new section or ending.
Ritardando (rit.) / Rallentando (rall.) – 逐渐减速，常用于引入新段落或结尾。
Accelerando (accel.) – gradually getting faster, building tension or excitement.
Accelerando (accel.) – 逐渐加速，营造紧张或兴奋感。
Rubato – flexible tempo, where the performer freely speeds up and slows down for expressive purposes.
Rubato – 弹性速度，演奏者自由地加快和减慢，以增强表现力。
A tempo – return to the original tempo after a deviation such as ritardando or accelerando.
A tempo – 回到原速，在偏离（如渐慢或渐快）之后恢复到原来的速度。
2. Dynamics | 力度标记
Dynamics denote the volume of sound. Familiarity with Italian abbreviations and their gradations is vital for score analysis and performance directions.
力度表示音量的大小。熟悉意大利语缩写及其层级对于乐谱分析和演奏指示至关重要。
Pianississimo (ppp) – extremely soft, the quietest dynamic level.
Pianississimo (ppp) – 极弱，最轻柔的力度层次。
Pianissimo (pp) – very soft, produced with delicate touch.
Pianissimo (pp) – 很弱，用轻柔的触键（奏法）发出。
Piano (p) – soft, yet still clearly audible.
Piano (p) – 弱，但依然清晰可闻。
Mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft, between piano and mezzo forte.
Mezzo piano (mp) – 中弱，介于弱与中强之间。
Mezzo forte (mf) – moderately loud, a comfortable medium volume.
Mezzo forte (mf) – 中强，舒适的中等音量。
Forte (f) – loud, projecting strong presence.
Forte (f) – 强，发出有力的声响。
Fortissimo (ff) – very loud, often used in climactic passages.
Fortissimo (ff) – 很强，常用于高潮段落。
Crescendo (cresc.) – gradually increasing in volume.
Crescendo (cresc.) – 渐强，音量逐渐增大。
Diminuendo (dim.) / Decrescendo (decresc.) – gradually decreasing in volume.
Diminuendo (dim.) / Decrescendo (decresc.) – 渐弱，音量逐渐减小。
Sforzando (sfz) – a sudden, strong accent on a single note or chord.
Sforzando (sfz) – 突强，在单个音符或和弦上突然加重。
Forte-piano (fp) – loud then immediately soft, producing a sharp attack followed by a quiet sustain.
Forte-piano (fp) – 强后突弱，产生一个尖锐的起音后随即柔弱延续。
3. Articulation | 演奏技法
Articulation describes how individual notes are performed in terms of attack, duration, and connection. These terms shape the music's clarity and character.
演奏技法描述单个音符在起音、时值和连贯性方面如何演奏。这些术语塑造音乐的清晰度和性格。
Legato – smooth and connected, with no perceptible break between notes; indicated by a slur line.
Legato – 连奏，平滑连接，音符之间无断开；用连音线表示。
Staccato – short and detached, indicated by a dot above or below the note head.
Staccato – 断奏，短促分离，由符头上下的小圆点表示。
Staccatissimo – extremely detached and spiky, often marked with a wedge-shaped symbol.
Staccatissimo – 极断奏，极为分离尖锐，常以楔形记号标记。
Tenuto – held for its full value, sometimes slightly stressed; marked by a short horizontal line.
Tenuto – 保持音，充分保持时值，有时略微强调；用短横线标记。
Accent – a strong attack on the note, indicated by > above or below.
Accent – 重音，音符起奏加重，以 > 记于符头上下。
Marcato – marked and emphasised, louder and more pronounced than a standard accent; symbol ∧.
Marcato – 加强音，比普通重音更响亮突出；记号 ∧。
Portato – a midway between legato and staccato, notes are slightly separated but not as short as staccato; indicated by tenuto lines under a slur.
Portato – 半连奏，介于连奏与断奏之间，音符略微分离但不似断奏般短促；用连线下的保持音线表示。
4. Expression and Mood Terms | 表情与情绪术语
Composers use Italian expression marks to convey the intended mood, style, or character of a passage. Recognising these enriches interpretative analysis.
作曲家使用意大利语表情术语传达乐段预期的情绪、风格或性格。识别这些术语可以丰富诠释性分析。
Dolce – sweetly, with a gentle, lyrical quality.
Dolce – 甜美地，具有柔和、如歌的特质。
Cantabile – in a singing, flowing style, as if a vocal melody.
Cantabile – 如歌的，流畅的，就像声乐旋律一样。
Maestoso – majestically, with grandeur and dignity.
Maestoso – 庄严地，宏伟而有威仪。
Agitato – agitated, hurried and restless, expressing anxiety or excitement.
Agitato – 激动地，匆忙不安，表现焦虑或兴奋。
Appassionato – with passion, intensely emotional.
Appassionato – 热情地，情感强烈。
Con brio – with vigour, spirit, and brilliance.
Con brio – 有活力地，精神饱满且辉煌。
Grazioso – gracefully, elegantly, with charm.
Grazioso – 优雅地，迷人而有风度。
Leggiero – lightly, delicately, with a nimble touch.
Leggiero – 轻巧地，精巧而敏捷。
Pesante – heavily, with weight and emphasis.
Pesante – 沉重地，有分量、强调。
Risoluto – resolutely, with bold, determined force.
Risoluto – 果断地，坚实有力。
5. Scales and Modes | 音阶与调式
Scalic and modal vocabulary underpins
Published by TutorHao | A-Level 音乐 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图