📚 AS CAIE Biology: Glossary and Terminology Quick Memorization Guide | AS CAIE 生物：词汇术语速记指南
In AS CAIE Biology, mastering a vast array of biological terms is half the battle. Effective memorisation techniques—such as breaking words into roots, making comparisons, and using visual or verbal associations—can transform challenging vocabulary into easily recalled concepts. This guide provides succinct memory hooks for essential terms across the syllabus, helping you build confidence for your exams.
在 AS CAIE 生物中，掌握大量生物学术语是成功的一半。有效的记忆技巧——例如拆分词根、进行比较、运用视觉或语言联想——可以将难记的词汇转变为容易回想的概念。本指南为整个考纲中的关键术语提供了简洁的记忆钩子，帮助你建立考试信心。
1. Word Roots and Affixes | 词根词缀
Many biological terms are built from Greek or Latin roots. 'Cyto-' means cell, 'mito-' means thread, 'chloro-' means green, '-plasm' means formed substance, and '-lysis' roplast = green body, mitosis = thread-like process of cell division. Memory tip: think of 'cyto' as 'city cell'—a tiny city inside you.
许多生物学术语由希腊语或拉丁语词根构成。'Cyto-' 表示细胞，'mito-' 表示线，'chloro-' 表示绿色，'-plasm' 表示形成的物质，'-lysis' 表示分裂。识别这些构建模块能让你解读不熟悉的词汇：cytoplasm = 细胞质，chloroplast = 叶绿体，mitosis = 线状的有丝分裂过程。记忆技巧：把 'cyto' 想象成 '城市细胞'——你体内的一座微型城市。
The prefix 'hyper-' means above or excessive, and 'hypo-' means below or deficient. In biology, hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration, causing cells to shrink; hypotonic solution has a lower concentration, causing cells to swell. Associate 'hyper' with 'hyperactive' (overactive) and 'hypo' with 'hypodermic needle' (under skin).
前缀 'hyper-' 表示高于或过多，'hypo-' 表示低于或不足。在生物学中，高渗溶液 (hypertonic) 溶质浓度较高，导致细胞皱缩；低渗溶液 (hypotonic) 浓度低，导致细胞膨胀。联想：'hyper' 似 'hyperactive' (过度活跃)，'hypo' 似 'hypodermic needle' (皮下针)。
'Mono-' = one, 'di-' = two, 'poly-' saccharide (one sugar), disaccharide (two sugars), polysaccharide (many sugars). Picture a 'mono' rail (single track) to remember single units.
'Mono-' 表示一，'di-' 表示二，'poly-' 表示多。单糖 (monosaccharide) 含一个糖单元，二糖 (disaccharide) 两个，多糖 (polysaccharide) 多个。想象 'mono' rail (单轨) 来记忆单个单元。
2. Cell Structure | 细胞结构
Mitochondrion (plural: mitochondria) is the powerhouse of the cell. The word comes from 'mitos' (thread) and 'chondrion' (granule). Under a microscope, mitochondria look like thread-like granules. Remember 'mighty-chondrion' supplies energy.
线粒体 (mitochondrion，复数 mitochondria) 是细胞的能量工厂。该词源自 'mitos' (线) 和 'chondrion' (颗粒)。显微镜下，线粒体呈线状颗粒。记住 'mighty-chondrion' 提供能量。
Ribosomes are tiny organelles made of rRNA and protein, the site of protein synthesis.
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