📚 AS WJEC Engineering: Key Terminology Quick-Study Guide | AS WJEC 工程术语速记指南
Mastering engineering terminology is a crucial step towards success in the AS WJEC Engineering exam. This quick-study guide is designed to help you remember key terms across all specification areas by linking them to vivid memory hooks, analogies, and real-world examples. Whether you are grappling with material properties, electronic circuits, or manufacturing processes, the paired bilingual explanations will deepen your understanding and speed up revision.
掌握工程术语是在AS WJEC工程考试中取得成功的关键一步。这份速记指南旨在通过生动的记忆钩子、类比和实际案例，帮助您记住所有考试范围的关键术语。无论您是在纠结材料性能、电子电路还是制造工艺，中英双语搭配的解释都将加深您的理解并加快复习速度。
1. Essential Material Properties | 基本材料性能
Hardness is the ability of a material to resist indentation or scratching. A diamond is extremely hard because its strong covalent bonds prevent surface deformation.
硬度 是材料抵抗压痕或划痕的能力。钻石极其坚硬，因为其强大的共价键可以防止表面变形。
Memory tip: Imagine trying to scratch glass with a copper coin — the coin fails because it is softer. Hardness is 'who scratches whom'.
速记提示：想象用铜币划玻璃，铜币失败因为它更软。硬度就是‘谁划伤谁’。
Toughness measures a material's ability to absorb energy and deform plastically without fracturing. It combines strength and ductility. Rubber and mild steel are tough.
韧性 衡量材料吸收能量并发生塑性变形而不断裂的能力。它结合了强度和延展性。橡胶和低碳钢具有韧性。
Memory tip: Think of a karate board that bends and bends before breaking — it's tough. A brittle biscuit snaps instantly with little energy absorbed.
速记提示：想想空手道木板弯曲多次才断裂——它有韧性。一块脆饼干稍用力就立刻断裂，吸收的能量很少。
Ductility is the capacity to be drawn into a wire without breaking. Copper is highly ductile, making it ideal for electrical cables.
延展性 是指材料被拉制成丝而不断裂的能力。铜具有高延展性，非常适合制作电缆。
Memory tip: Say 'duct-ile = can be pulled into a dUCT' (a duct or wire shape).
速记提示： 记住 'duct-ile = 可拉成导管/导线'。
Stiffness is the resistance of an elastic body to deflection by an applied force. It is related to the material's Young's modulus and the component's geometry.
刚度 是弹性体抵抗因外力而产生弯曲变形的能力。它与材料的杨氏模量和零件的几何形状有关。
Memory tip: A plastic ruler is stiffer in the edgewise direction than the flat direction — same material, different geometry.
速记提示：一把塑料尺子沿边缘方向比沿平面方向更刚硬——材料
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