📚 AS WJEC History: Exam Techniques and Marking Criteria | AS WJEC 历史：答题技巧与评分标准
Mastering the AS WJEC History examination requires more than just knowing the facts. It demands a precise understanding of how marks are awarded, how to structure answers under time pressure, and how to demonstrate the specific historical skills that examiners are looking for. This guide unpacks the assessment objectives, analyses the two main question types, and provides you with a practical toolkit to elevate your grades. Whether you are tackling source-based questions or crafting an analytical essay, the principles explained here will help you write with clarity, precision, and flair.
想在 AS WJEC 历史考试中取得高分，仅靠死记硬背史实是远远不够的。你必须精准理解评分的落脚点，掌握在时间压力下组织答案的方法，并能清晰展现考官所看重的历史技能。本指南将深入解读评估目标，剖析两大主要题型，并为你提供一套实用的提分工具箱。无论你面对的是文献分析题还是论述性论文，这里所阐述的原则都将帮助你写出条理清晰、精准且富有说服力的答案。
1. Overview of the AS WJEC History Assessment | AS WJEC 历史评估概览
The AS History qualification from WJEC is designed to assess your ability to think historically. The assessment typically comprises two units, each examined by a written paper. Within each paper, you will encounter a combination of source-based analysis and essay questions. Examiners are not just checking what you know, but how you use that knowledge. They want to see you analyse causes, evaluate interpretations, and weigh up evidence. Understanding the structure of the papers is your first step towards strategic revision.
WJEC 的 AS 历史资格考试旨在评估你的历史思维能力。评估通常由两个单元组成，每个单元通过书面试卷进行考查。在每份试卷中，你都会遇到文献分析题和论文题的综合题型。考官不只检查你“知道什么”，更关注你“如何运用”这些知识。他们希望看到你分析原因、评价不同历史解释并权衡证据。理解试卷结构是你进行策略性复习的第一步。
The papers are divided into Part (a) and Part (b). Part (a) focuses on historical sources, requiring you to analyse their value, limitations, and the interpretations they offer. Part (b) is an essay, demanding a sustained argument in response to a specific historical claim or question. Each part carries a significant number of marks, and the time you allocate should reflect the weighting. Familiarise yourself with the command words and the number of sources you will be given, as this will streamline your approach on the day.
试卷分为 (a) 题和 (b) 题。(a) 题聚焦于历史文献，要求你分析其价值、局限性以及它们所提供的解释。(b) 题是一篇论文，要求你针对特定的历史主张或问题构建一个连贯的论证。每道题所占分值都很大，你的时间分配应与其权重成正比。请熟悉各种指令词以及你将会拿到的文献数量，这能确保你在考试当天答题更加顺畅。
2. Decoding the Assessment Objectives (AOs) | 解读评估目标
Every mark you earn is tied to one of three Assessment Objectives. AO1 tests your ability to recall, select and deploy relevant historical knowledge accurately and in context. This is not simply a memory test; it is about choosing the most pertinent facts to support your argument. AO2 assesses your capacity to analyse and explain historical events, developments, causes and consequences. It requires you to identify patterns, make connections, and form judgements. AO3 applies to the source questions and evaluates your skill in analysing, evaluating and using historical sources in their context.
你得到的每一分都与三大评估目标之一挂钩。AO1 考查你准确回忆、选择并在语境中运用相关历史知识的能力。这绝非简单的记忆测试，而是考验你能否选出最贴切的事实来支撑论点。AO2 评估你分析和解释历史事件、发展、原因及后果的能力，它要求你识别规律、建立联系并形成判断。AO3 适用于文献题，评估你在语境中分析、评价和使用历史文献的技能。
In an essay, AO1 and AO2 are dominant. You must provide precise factual evidence (AO1) and then use it to construct a reasoned analysis (AO2). Merely describing events will cap your mark at Level 1 or 2. To access the higher levels, you need to weigh up different factors, consider change and continuity, and reach a substantiated conclusion. In source questions, AO3 is king, but you must still bring in your own knowledge (AO1) to contextualise the sources and challenge their claims. The best answers weave all three AOs together seamlessly.
在论文题中，AO1 和 AO2 占主导。你必须提供精确的事实证据（AO1），然后用其构建有理有据的分析（AO2）。纯粹描述事件只能让你的分数停留在第一或第二等级。要想冲击高分段，你需要权衡不同因素，思考历史变迁与延续，并得出一个论证充分的结论。在文献题中，AO3 是核心，但你仍需借助自身的学科知识（AO1）来为文献提供背景、评判其论点。最高分的答案能将三大评估目标天衣无缝地融为一体。
3. Mastering Part (a) – Source Analysis | 攻克 (a) 题 – 文献分析
Part (a) questions typically present you with two or three sources and ask you to analyse them using a specific question stem, such as 'How valuable are these sources…?' or 'How far do these sources support the view…?'. Do not fall into the trap of simply describing what the sources say. You must critically evaluate their nature, origin, purpose, tone and content. Start by quickly annotating each source with NOP (Nature, Origin, Purpose). Is it a private diary, a public speech, a political cartoon? The form of a source drastically affects its reliability and the interpretation it offers.
(a) 题通常提供两到三则文献，并给出诸如“这些文献在多大程度上具有价值……”或者“这些文献在多大程度上支持了……的观点？”之类的特定问题提示。切勿落入单纯复述文献内容的陷阱。你必须批判性地评估文献的性质、出处、目的、语气和内容。首先，使用 NOP（性质、出处、目的）标记法快速为每则文献做笔记。它是一则私人日记、公开演讲还是政治漫画？文献的表现形式对其可靠性和所提供的历史解释有着极大的影响。
When evaluating value, consider what a source can reveal about the attitudes, beliefs or conditions of the time. Even biased sources can be immensely valuable if you identify the bias and explain what it tells us about the author's motives. Limitations might stem from a lack of hindsight, a specific agenda, or the intended audience. Never merely dismiss a source as 'biased' – explain how that bias limits its usefulness for a particular enquiry. Crucially, cross-reference the sources. Do they corroborate or contradict each other? This skill of cross-referencing demonstrates high-level AO3 thinking.
在评估价值时，要考虑文献能揭示出当时怎样的态度、信仰或社会状况。即使是带有偏见的文献，只要你识别出偏见并解释它怎样反映了作者的动机，它就仍可能具有极高的价值。局限性可能源于缺乏历史后见之明、特定的政治意图或目标受众。千万不要仅仅用一句“有偏见”就否定一则文献——要解释这种偏见如何限制了它对于特定研究的效用。最关键的是，要对文献进行交叉比对。它们是相互佐证还是彼此矛盾？这种交叉比对的技巧体现的是高水平的 AO3 思维。
Introduce your answer with a clear line of argument about the overall utility of the sources. Then tackle each source systematically, integrating your own knowledge to test the accuracy of their content. For example, if a source claims that living standards rose in the 1920s, you can use your knowledge of regional disparities or unemployment figures to challenge that. End with a paragraph that directly answers the question, weighing up the collective value of the set.
开篇时，先用一句清晰的主线论点概括这些文献的整体效用。然后系统地处理每一则文献，融入你自己的知识来检验其内容的准确性。例如，如果一则文献声称20世纪20年代的生活水平提高了，你可以运用你对于地区差异或失业数字的知识来对此提出质疑。最后用一个段落直接回应问题，权衡整组文献的集体价值。
4. Crafting the Perfect Part (b) Essay | 写出完美的 (b) 题论文
Part (b) is the essay section and it rewards a clear, analytical structure. The question will often begin with 'How far…', 'To what extent…', or 'Assess the validity of the view that…'. These command words signal that you must not only present a case, but also consider alternative perspectives. Begin by deconstructing the question. Identify the key concept, the specific time frame, and any named factor that you must discuss. Plan your essay for at least five minutes: this is an investment that prevents you from drifting off-topic.
(b) 题是论文写作部分，它奖励清晰、有分析性的文章结构。题目常以“在多大程度上……”、“评估……观点的正确性”这类方式开头。这些指令词表明，你不仅要提出一种论据，还必须思考其他不同视角。开始写作前先拆解题干，识别出核心概念、确切的时间范围以及任何你必须讨论的指定因素。规划论文至少花五分钟：这是一项能防止你偏题跑题的投资。
A top-grade essay follows a logical flow: introduction, analytical paragraphs, and a conclusion. Your introduction should set out the debate, define any key terms, and signpost the factors or themes your essay will examine. It must also offer a clear, tentative judgement in response to the question. Then each main paragraph should focus on one factor or theme, opening with a strong topic sentence that links back to the question. Use the PEEL model (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link) to ensure every paragraph advances your argument. The evidence must be precise – dates, statistics, names, and specific terminology all boost your AO1 mark.
一篇高分的论文遵循严谨的逻辑流程：引言、分析段落和结论。引言应陈述争议所在，界定关键术语，并概述文章将探讨的因素或主题。引言还必须针对问题给出一个清晰、试探性的判断。之后的每个主体段都应聚焦于一个因素或主题，以一句强有力的、回扣题目的主题句开头。使用 PEEL 模型（观点、证据、解释、联系）来确保每个段落都在推进你的论证。证据必须精确——日期、数据、人名和特定术语都将提升你的 AO1 分数。
Your conclusion is not a mere summary. It must synthesise the factors you have discussed, explicitly state your final judgement, and perhaps touch on which factor was most significant or indicate how the relative importance shifted over time. Never introduce new evidence here. The conclusion should leave the examiner in no doubt that you have engaged fully with the complexity of the question and have arrived at a well-supported, balanced answer.
结论绝不是简单的摘要。它必须综合你讨论过的各个因素，明确陈述你的最终判断，或许还可以点明哪个因素最为重要，或者指出这些因素的相对重要性是如何随时间变迁的。切勿在此引入新的证据。结论应该让考官确信，你已经充分吃透了问题的复杂性，并得出了一个论据充分且平衡周至的答案。
5. Understanding and Applying Command Words | 理解并运用指令词
Command words are the key to unlocking exactly what the examiner wants. In WJEC AS History, the most common command words are 'Explain why', 'How far', 'To what extent', 'Assess', and 'Evaluate'. 'Explain why' requires a causal analysis – you must identify reasons and show how they led to an outcome, prioritising the most important ones. In contrast, 'How far' or 'To what extent' questions demand that you set up a criteria for judgement and test the proposition against alternative factors. You are effectively agreeing and disagreeing before reaching a conclusion.
指令词是解锁考官确切意图的关键钥匙。在 WJEC AS 历史考试中，最常见的指令词有“解释为什么”、“在多大程度上”、“评估”和“评价”。“解释为什么”要求进行因果分析——你必须找出各种原因并展示它们如何导致某个结果，同时区分出其中最重要的原因。相反，“在多大程度上”类的问题则要求你建立一套评判标准，并用其他替代因素来检验题目所给的命题。你实际上是在经历了正反论证后才得出结论。
For a source-based Part (a), the command word might be 'Using these sources and your own knowledge, assess the view that…'. Here, 'assess' means you must make a judgement on the validity of the view, using the sources as a starting point but crucially supplementing them with your own contextual knowledge. Do not simply ask whether the sources support the view, but evaluate how convincing that support is, given the provenance of the material. Circle the command word as soon as you open the paper, and mentally write the instruction in your own simpler terms before you write a single word.
对于文献类的 (a) 题，指令词可能是“利用这些文献和你自己的知识，评估……的观点”。在这里，“评估”意味着你必须对该观点的正确性做出判断，以文献为出发点，但关键要辅以你自己的背景知识。不要只是问“文献是否支持这个观点”，而要考虑到材料的出处，去评估这种支持究竟多有说服力。一打开试卷就把指令词圈出来，并在动笔写出任何一句话之前，先在脑海里用自己的话简单转述这项任务。
6. Structuring Answers for Maximum Clarity | 组织答案以追求极致清晰
Examiners mark dozens of scripts in a single session. If your answer is poorly structured, they will struggle to find the credit-worthy points hidden within it. Use clear paragraphs, each beginning with a topic sentence that addresses the question directly. For a Part (b) essay, consider thematic or chronological structures depending on the question. A thematic structure works brilliantly for questions about causation or significance, allowing you to weigh up social, economic, and political factors separately. A chronological structure might be better suited for a question on turning points over a period.
考官在阅卷期间要批阅大量试卷。如果你的答案结构混乱，他们就很难找出你隐藏在其中的得分点。请使用清晰的段落，每段都以一句直接回应问题主旨的主题句开头。对于 (b) 题论文，根据题目要求可考虑采用按主题划分或按时间顺序推进的结构。主题式结构在回答关于原因或重要性的问题时效果卓著，能让你分别权衡社会、经济和政治因素。而关于某一时期内转折点的问题，则可能更适合按时间顺序来组织。
In Part (a), structure each paragraph around one source. Do not jump between sources in the same paragraph. Devote one paragraph to analysing the content and provenance of Source A, a second to Source B, and a final paragraph to the overall judgement and cross-referencing. Use linking words and phrases like 'furthermore', 'in contrast', 'however', and 'similarly' to guide the examiner through your reasoning. A well-signposted answer reduces the examiner's cognitive load and makes them positively disposed towards awarding higher marks.
在 (a) 题中，每个段落应围绕一则文献展开。不要在同一段内在不同文献间跳来跳去。用一个段落分析文献 A 的内容与出处，第二个段落分析文献 B，最后一段用于整体判断和交叉比对。善用“此外”、“相比之下”、“然而”、“类似地”等连接词和短语来引导考官跟随你的推理。一份标识清晰的答案能减轻考官的认知负担，让他们更倾向于给出高分。
7. Using Evidence to Substantiate Claims | 用证据支撑主张
Assertions without evidence are worthless in history. Every claim you make must be backed up by specific factual detail. Instead of writing 'Many people were unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles', you should write 'The harsh terms of the Treaty, particularly the War Guilt Clause 231 and the £6.6 billion reparations bill, provoked deep resentment across the German political spectrum from the Spartacist Left to the nationalist Right.' This demonstrates precise AO1 knowledge and gives substance to your analysis.
没有证据支撑的论断在历史学科里一文不值。你说的每一个主张都必须有具体的事实细节作为支撑。与其写“许多人对《凡尔赛条约》感到不满”，不如写“条约中的严苛条款，尤其是战争罪责条款第231条和66亿英镑的战争赔款，引发了从斯巴达克派左翼到民族主义右翼的全德政治光谱的深切痛恨。”这展现了你精准的 AO1 知识，并为你的分析提供了实质内容。
When you integrate evidence, do not merely list facts. Always follow a fact with an explanation of how it supports your argument. For instance, after stating the reparations figure, explain that it weakened the Weimar government's legitimacy from the start and was continuously exploited by extremist propaganda. This connects AO1 to AO2. Avoid vague generalisations like 'lots of people died' or 'it led to economic problems'. Pinpoint the numbers, name the groups, and clarify the short-term and long-term effects.
你在整合证据时，不要仅仅罗列事实。每给出一条事实，都要接着解释它如何支撑你的论点。例如，在陈述赔款数额后，要接着说明它从一开始就削弱了魏玛政府的合法性，并被极端主义宣传持续利用。这样就将 AO1 与 AO2 连接了起来。避免使用“死了好多人”或“这导致了经济问题”这类模糊笼统的说法。要给出确切数字，说出特定团体的名称，并阐明短期和长期的影响。
8. Balancing Analysis and Narrative | 平衡分析与叙述
A common pitfall in AS History essays is drifting into narrative storytelling. Telling the story of what happened will only address AO1 at a low level. To reach Level 4 or 5 on the mark scheme, your essay must be predominantly analytical. This means focusing on the 'why' and the 'how' rather than the 'what'. If you find yourself writing a paragraph that merely describes a sequence of events without linking them back to the question, stop and rewrite. Replace phrases like 'Then, the king signed the document' with 'The king's decision to sign the document was primarily a result of fiscal necessity, revealing that…'.
在 AS 历史论文写作中，一个常见的失分点就是滑向单纯的故事性叙述。平铺直叙地讲述事件经过，只能满足低层次的 AO1 要求。要想在评分方案中进入第四或第五等级，你的论文必须是以分析为主导的。这意味着要专注于“为什么”和“如何”，而非“是什么”。如果你发现自己写的一段话只是在描述一连串事件，却没有把它们与题目问题联系起来，那就停下来重写。把“然后，国王签署了文件”这类表述替换成“国王决定签署文件主要是迫于财政需求，这揭示了……”
Analysis involves breaking down factors into component parts. When discussing why a revolution occurred, do not just list long-term and short-term causes. Instead, evaluate how social tensions interacted with economic crises, and explain why the regime's own political miscalculations proved fatal. Show the interplay of factors. Use analytical vocabulary: 'exacerbated by', 'stemmed from', 'a contributing factor was', 'significantly, however, this was counteracted by'. This demonstrates that you are thinking like a historian, not just a chronicler.
分析意味着将各个因素拆分解析。在讨论一场革命为何发生时，不要仅仅罗列长期和短期原因。取而代之的是，要去评估社会紧张局势如何与经济危机相互作用，并解释为何该政权自身的政治误判最终证明是致命的。要展现出不同因素间的交互影响。使用分析性词汇，如“因……而加剧”、“源于”、“一个促成因素是”、“但值得注意的是，这被……抵消了”。这表明你在像一位历史学家那样思考，而不是只做一个编年史记录者。
9. Time Management in the Exam Room | 考场时间管理
Time is your most precious resource during the examination. A typical AS paper might give you around 1 hour 30 minutes to 2 hours. You must allocate time proportionally to the marks available. If Part (a) is worth 30 marks and Part (b) is worth 30 marks, you should spend roughly 40–45 minutes on each, leaving 10–15 minutes for planning and checking at the end. Never leave yourself only 20 minutes to write a high-stakes essay; the quality of your analysis will inevitably suffer and your grade will plummet.
在考试期间，时间是你最宝贵的资源。一份典型的 AS 试卷可能会有大约1小时30分钟到2小时。你必须根据分值占比来成比例地分配时间。如果 (a) 题计30分，(b) 题计30分，那么你每道题都应花大约40至45分钟，最后留出10至15分钟用于规划和检查。永远不要让自己只剩20分钟去写一篇高利害关系的论文；你的分析质量势必受损，分数亦将大跌。
At the start, spend 5–7 minutes reading the source booklet and 5 minutes planning your essay. Stick ruthlessly to your time plan. If you run over on Part (a), you are stealing time from your essay, where you can score heavily on AO2. Use a watch or the exam hall clock to monitor the halfway mark. For the essay, aim to finish writing with 5 minutes to read through and correct any disastrous spelling or factual slips. A clear, concise, completed essay is far better than an ambitious but half-finished masterpiece.
在考试开始时，花 5 至 7 分钟阅读文献小册，再花 5 分钟规划你的论文。严格执行你的时间计划。如果你在 (a) 题上超时，那就在盗窃原本可以用来在论文中大量斩获 AO2 分数的时间。用手表或考场时钟监控时间过半的节点。对于论文，要争取在还剩 5 分钟时写完，以便通读一遍并纠正任何灾难性的拼写或史实错误。一篇清晰、简练、完整的论文，远比一篇野心勃勃却只写了一半的“杰作”强得多。
10. Interpreting the Mark Scheme and Grades | 解读评分方案与等级
Understanding the WJEC mark scheme is like having the answers before the test. WJEC uses a 'levels of response' approach. For essays, there are typically five levels, each against AO1 and AO2. Level 1 indicates fragmented or uncritical narrative; Level 5 demands a sustained, well-substantiated and critically argued judgement. To move from Level 3 to Level 4, you need to move from a 'good analysis of the main factors' to a 'sophisticated evaluation that weighs factors against each other and offers a nuanced judgement'.
理解 WJEC 的评分方案，就好比在考前就已手握答案。WJEC 采用“应答等级”法。对于论文题，通常有五个等级，分别对应 AO1 和 AO2 的不同表现。第一等级指的是零散或非批判性的叙述；第五等级则要求一个持续、论据充分且具有批判性的理性判断。要从第三等级跃升至第四等级，你需要从“对主要因素的良好分析”提升到“对各因素进行相互权衡并给出细致入微判断的精妙评价”。
For Part (a) source questions, the levels relate to how well you evaluate the sources. A Level 5 answer will show a fully integrated evaluation of content and provenance, with a convincing and substantiated overall judgement. Crucially, it will deploy own knowledge precisely to test the validity of the sources' claims. Practise by retrieving a past paper mark scheme and comparing it to a model answer. Highlight where the answer hits the criteria for the top level. This exercise trains your brain to recognise what 'excellent' looks like, so you can reproduce it under pressure.
对于 (a) 题文献分析，各等级与你评价文献的能力密切相关。一份第五等级的答案会展现出对文献内容和出处的完整综合评价，并给出令人信服且充分论证的总体判断。最关键的是，它能精准运用自身的知识来检验文献论点的真实性。你可以找来一份历年真题的评分方案，将其与一份优秀范文对照练习。标出范文在哪些地方切中了最高等级的标准。这个练习可以训练你的大脑去识别“卓越”到底长什么样，这样你在考试的压力下也能将其复现出来。
11. Revision Strategies Tailored to WJEC | 针对 WJEC 的复习策略
Passive reading of notes is the enemy of progress. Instead, revise actively by practising timed answers to past paper questions. Start with open-book essays to refine your structure, then move to closed-book conditions. Create revision grids for key topics, with columns for causes, consequences, roles of individuals, and historical interpretations. For source skills, compile a sheet of stock phrases for evaluating provenance, such as 'The perspective of the author as a ... is significant because it reveals...' or 'The purpose of this source to persuade / justify / rally dictates its tone and selective content.'
被动地阅读笔记是进步的敌人。反之，应通过练习真题的限时作答来进行主动复习。先从开卷的论文练起，以精炼你的文章结构，然后过渡到闭卷环境。为各个关键主题制作复习网格图，列上原因、后果、个人角色以及历史解释等栏目。对于文献技能，可以整理一张常用短语表，用来评价出处，例如“作者作为……的视角意义重大，因为它揭示了……”或者“该文献旨在说服 / 辩护 / 凝聚人心，这一目的决定了它的语气和内容的选择性。”。
Focus revision on the themes that link different parts of the specification. Comparative analysis is a favourite of examiners. Be ready to discuss similarities and differences between, for example, the challenges faced by two different leaders, or the economic policies of two different periods. Flashcards and timelines are excellent for embedding chronological understanding and precise dates, essential for AO1. Teach a topic to a friend or family member; if you can explain it clearly out loud, you can write it clearly in the exam.
将复习重心放在那些能将课程大纲不同部分串联起来的主题上。比较分析是考官的最爱。要准备好去讨论，例如，两位不同领导人各自面对的挑战有何相似与差异，或者两个不同时期的经济政策有何异同。抽认卡和时间线对于巩固年代顺序理解和精确日期非常有效，这对 AO1 至关重要。试着把某个主题讲给朋友或家人听；如果你能口头上清晰地把它解释清楚，在考场上你就能清晰地把它写出来。
12. Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them | 常见失误与规避方法
One of the most frequent mistakes is answering the question you wish you had been asked rather than the one on the paper. Always focus relentlessly on the exact wording. Another pitfall is the 'machine-gun' approach to evidence – spraying out every fact you know in the hope that some hit the mark. This leads to lacks-focus paragraphs and buries your analytical line. Conversely, a lack of precise evidence will make your argument sound like a general knowledge rant. Balance is key, and this comes through practised, timed essay writing.
最常见的错误之一，就是去回答你“希望”被问到的问题，而不是试卷上“实际”提出的问题。务必一直死扣题目的准确措辞。另一个失误是“机关枪”式的证据堆砌——把你所知道的全部事实一股脑儿倾泻而出，指望其中一些能撞上得分点。这会导致段落失焦，并淹没你的分析主线。相反地，缺乏精确的证据又会让你的论述听起来像是泛泛而谈的吐槽。关键是要平衡，而这只有通过限时论文写作练习才能实现。
In source questions, candidates often lose marks by failing to address provenance. Always discuss who wrote it, when, and why, alongside what it says. Similarly, a weak conclusion that merely repeats the introduction is a missed opportunity for AO2. Your conclusion should show the evolution of your thought through the essay, perhaps acknowledging limits to certainty or hinting at wider implications. Finally, don't panic if you encounter a question that seems unfamiliar. Break it down, link it to your revision themes, and trust your historical skills. The mark scheme rewards what you do with the material, not just innate knowledge.
在文献题中，考生丢分往往是因为未能讨论出处。永远要在阐述文献“说了什么”的同时，探讨它是由谁写的、何时写的以及为什么写的。类似地，一个只是重复引言部分的苍白结论，错失了在 AO2 上得分的良机。你的结论应该展现出你的思考在整篇文章中的演进过程，或许可以坦然承认结论的某种不确定性，或者暗示其更广泛的含义。最后，如果遇到了看似陌生的题目，不要慌张。拆解题干，把它与你复习过的主题联系起来，并相信自己的历史思维技能。评分方案奖励的是你如何“处理”材料，而非仅仅考量你的原始知识储备。
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