📚 AS OCR Drama: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | AS OCR 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering drama terminology is essential for success in the AS OCR Drama exam, whether you're analysing a set text, evaluating a live performance, or developing your own practical work. This quick revision guide groups key terms into logical categories, offers memorable shortcuts, and provides clear explanations in both English and Chinese. Use these pages to build confidence, sharpen your writing, and strengthen your practical vocabulary.
掌握戏剧术语是 AS OCR 戏剧考试成功的关键，无论你是在分析指定文本、评价现场演出，还是发展自己的实践作品。这份速记指南将关键术语按逻辑分类，提供好记的捷径，并用中英双语给出清晰解释。用它来建立信心、提升写作水平，并强化你的实践词汇。
1. Stage Directions | 舞台方位速记
Stage directions are given from the actor's perspective facing the audience. 'Upstage' refers to the area farthest from the audience, while 'downstage' is closest. A useful mnemonic is that actors used to rake the stage, so moving 'up' meant literally walking uphill away from the crowd.
舞台指示是从演员面对观众的角度给出的。“Upstage（后舞台）”指离观众最远的区域，“Downstage（前舞台）”则最近。一个有用的记忆法是：过去的舞台是倾斜的，所以“向上”走就是真正地爬坡远离观众。
- Upstage – the rear of the stage; moving away from the audience. 后舞台，离观众最远。
- Downstage – the front of the stage; moving towards the audience. 前舞台，靠近观众。
- Stage Left / Stage Right – actor's own left and right when facing the audience. 舞台左/右——演员面对观众时的左右。
- Centre Stage – the middle area, often the strongest position. 舞台中央，通常是最有力的位置。
- Cross – to move from one part of the stage to another. 穿越舞台的移动。
2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧术语
Vocal skills shape how an actor delivers lines. Remember the acronym 'P-P-P-TAP': Pitch, Pace, Pause, Tone, Articulation, Projection. These six elements control the emotional and intellectual impact of speech.
声音技巧塑造演员说出台词的方式。记住首字母缩写 ‘P-P-P-TAP’：音高、语速、停顿、语调、吐字、投射。这六个要素控制着台词的情感和思想冲击力。
- Pitch – how high or low the voice is. 音高，声音的高低。
- Pace – the speed of speech. 语速，说话的速度。
- Pause – a deliberate break for tension or thought. 停顿，为制造紧张或思考而有意的间歇。
- Tone – the emotional quality of the voice (e.g., warm, harsh, sarcastic). 语调，声音的情感色彩。
- Articulation – clarity of speech, making every consonant and vowel distinct. 吐字，发音的清晰度。
- Projection – using breath and resonance to reach the whole audience without shouting. 投射，用气息和共鸣让声音传遍观众席而不喊叫。
3. Physical Skills | 身体动作术语
Physicality builds character from the outside in. Think 'G-PEG': Gesture, Posture, Eye contact, Gait. These can be exaggerated or subtle, but always intentional.
身体动作由外而内地塑造角色。记住 ‘G-PEG’：手势、姿态、眼神交流、步态。这些可以夸张也可以微妙，但总是有意的。
- Gesture – a movement of the hand, arm, or head to express meaning. 手势，用手、臂或头部表达意义的动作。
- Posture – how a character holds their body; reveals status, mood, age. 姿态，角色的身体姿态，透露地位、情绪、年龄。
- Eye contact – where and how a performer looks; crucial for relationship and focus. 眼神交流，演员看向何处、怎么看，对关系和焦点至关重要。
- Gait – a character's manner of walking; reflects physical and psychological traits. 步态，角色的走路方式，反映身心特征。
- Facial Expression – use of the face to convey emotion. 面部表情，用脸传达情绪。
4. Proxemics and Blocking | 空间关系与走位
Proxemics is the study of distance between performers, while blocking is the planned movement on stage. Together they create power dynamics and visual storytelling.
Proxemics（空间关系学）研究演员之间的距离，Blocking（走位）则是舞台上的计划移动。两者共同创造权力关系和视觉叙事。
- Proxemics – the use of space between characters; intimate, personal, social, public distances. 空间关系，角色之间的距离使用；亲密、个人、社交、公共距离。
- Blocking – the choreographed movement and positioning decided during rehearsals. 走位，排练中确定的编排动作和位置。
- Levels – using different heights (sitting, standing, raised platforms) to show status. 层次，利用不同高度表现地位。
- Open / Closed positions – facing the audience fully (open) or turning away (closed) to reveal or hide emotion. 开放/封闭站位，正对观众（开放）或侧转/背对（封闭）以显露或隐藏情感。
5. Dramatic Structure | 戏剧结构术语
Most plays follow a five-part structure. A catchy memory chain is 'Every Raven Croaks For Dinner': Exposition, Rising Action, Climax, Falling Action, Denouement.
大部分戏剧遵循五段式结构。一句易记的口诀是 ‘Every Raven Croaks For Dinner’：开端、发展、高潮、回落、结局。
- Exposition – the opening that sets up characters, setting, and conflict. 开端，交代角色、背景和冲突。
- Rising Action – a series of complications building tension. 发展，一系列复杂事件积累张力。
- Climax – the turning point of highest intensity. 高潮，最强烈的转折点。
- Falling Action – the consequences unfold, tension eases. 回落，后果展开，紧张缓解。
- Denouement / Resolution – the final unravelling and new balance. 结局，最终解开纽结，达到新平衡。
6. Character and Role | 角色与人物术语
To build a convincing character, actors explore motivation, objectives, and subtext. Imagine an iceberg: the text is the tip; the subtext is the massive hidden part.
要塑造可信的角色，演员需要探索动机、目标和潜台词。想像一座冰山：文本是看得见的尖顶，潜台词是水下巨大的隐藏部分。
- Motivation – why a character does something; the inner drive. 动机，角色行动的内在驱动力。
- Objective – what a character wants in a scene or overall (super-objective). 目标，角色在一场或全剧想要得到的东西（总目标）。
- Subtext – the unspoken thoughts and feelings beneath the dialogue. 潜台词，台词底下未说出的想法和感受。
- Status – a character's perceived social or psychological rank; can shift constantly. 地位，角色被感知的社会或心理等级，可以不断变化。
7. Styles and Genres | 风格与流派速记
alism = Stanislavski, Epic = Brecht, Absurd = Beckett, Physical = DV8 or Frantic Assembly.
了解一部剧的风格有助于解读其惯例。把每种风格和一位关键思想家或特征挂钩：自然主义＝斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基，史诗剧＝布莱希特，荒诞剧＝贝克特，肢体剧＝DV8 或 Frantic Assembly。
- Naturalism – attempts to create a completely realistic illusion of everyday life. 自然主义，试图制造日常生活完全真实的幻象。
- Realism – presents truthful characters and situations but may use theatrical devices. 现实主义，呈现真实的角色和情境，但可能使用戏剧手法。
- Epic Theatre – Brechtian style that alienates the audience to make them think critically. 史诗剧，布莱希特式风格，间离观众促使其批判思考。
- Physical Theatre – storytelling through the body; gesture, movement, ensemble work. 肢体剧，通过身体讲故事；手势、动作、集体创作。
- Theatre of the Absurd – expresses the meaninglessness of human existence through illogical, cyclical dialogue. 荒诞派戏剧，通过无逻辑、循环对话表达人生无意义。
8. Design Elements | 设计元素术语
Design creates the world of the play. Use the acronym 'SCLAM': Set, Costume, Lighting, Audio (Sound), Make-up. Every choice should have a reason linked to time, place, mood, or character.
设计创造剧本的世界。用首字母 ‘SCLAM’ 来记：布景、服装、灯光、音效、化妆。每个选择都要有理由，与时间、地点、氛围或角色挂钩。
- Set – the physical surroundings; can be realistic or symbolic. 布景，舞台上的实体环境；可写实或象征。
- Costume – clothes, accessories defining character, period, status. 服装，定义角色、时代、地位的衣物与配饰。
- Lighting – intensity, colour, direction, and special effects to shape atmosphere and focus. 灯光，用亮度、色彩、方向和特效塑造氛围与焦点。
- Sound – music, effects, ambient noise; can be diegetic or non-diegetic. 音效，音乐、效果声、环境音；可分为剧情内与非剧情内。
- Make-up & Hair – enhance features, indicate age, health, or fantasy elements. 化妆与发型，强化特征，提示年龄、健康状况或奇幻元素。
9. Lighting and Sound Specifics | 灯光与音效细节术语
Technical terminology can impress in essays. For lighting, remember 'GIF BAG': Gobo, Intensity, Fade, Blackout, Amber/Gel, General cover. For sound, 'DUSC': Diegetic, Underscore, Soundscape, Cue.
技术术语能让论文出彩。灯光的记忆法是 ‘GIF BAG’：图案片、亮度、渐暗、黑场、色纸/暖色、基本照明。音效用 ‘DUSC’：剧情内音、底乐、音景、提示点。
- Gobo – a metal or glass stencil placed in front of a light to project a pattern. 图案片，放在灯前投射图案的金属或玻璃模板。
- Gel – coloured filter to change the mood or time of day. 色纸，改变气氛或时间的彩色滤光片。
- Fade / Crossfade – a gradual change in lighting or sound level. 渐暗/交叉渐暗，灯光或音量的缓慢变化。
- Blackout – a sudden complete darkness; usually marks a scene end. 黑场，突然全黑，常标示一场结束。
- Diegetic Sound – sound that exists within the world of the play (radio, footsteps). 剧情内音，剧中的世界存在的声音（收音机、脚步）。
- Non-diegetic Sound – sound added for the audience only (underscore, narration). 非剧情内音，仅为观众添加的声音（底乐、旁白）。
- Soundscape – a layered creation of ambient sounds to build environment. 音景，用环境音层叠构建场景。
10. Theatre Spaces and Audience Relationship | 剧场空间与观众关系
The configuration of the performance space changes the relationship between actor and audience. Picture four primary shapes: 'PITT': Proscenium, In-the-round, Thrust, Traverse.
演出空间的形态改变演员与观众的关系。用 ‘PITT’ 记住四种主要形式：镜框式、圆型、伸出式、通道式。
- Proscenium Arch – a frame separating audience and stage; 'fourth wall' effect. 镜框式舞台，一道拱门分隔观众与舞台，强调“第四面墙”。
- Thrust Stage – audience on three sides; brings intimacy and challenge for blocking. 伸出式舞台，观众围坐三面，增加亲密感，走位更有挑战。
- In-the-round – audience surrounds the entire acting area; no traditional set wings. 圆形剧场，观众围绕整个表演区；无传统侧幕。
- Traverse – audience on two opposite sides, like a catwalk; creates a corridor of action. 通道式舞台，观众面对面分坐两侧，形成表演走廊。
- Fourth Wall – an imaginary wall through which the audience watches. 第四面墙，观众观看时所透过的那堵想像中的墙。
11. Rehearsal and Production Terms | 排练与制作术语
Understanding the rehearsal process is vital for the practical component. Remember 'B-TECH Dress': Blocking rehearsal, TECH run, Dress rehearsal. Each stage adds a layer of polish.
理解排练过程对实践环节至关重要。用 ‘B-TECH Dress’ 来记：走位排练、技术联排、彩排。每一步都逐层打磨。
- Blocking Rehearsal – focusing solely on movement and positioning without emotion or full text. 走位排练，仅关注移动和位置，不投入情感或背全台词。
- Technical Rehearsal (Tech) – integrating lights, sound, set changes; often slow and stop-start. 技术排练，加入灯光、音效、换景，通常慢速且走走停停。
- Dress Rehearsal – a full run with all elements including costume and make-up, as if live. 彩排，完整的带妆连贯排练，就像正式演出。
- Character Work – exercises like hot-seating, improvisation, and writing in role to deepen understanding. 角色研习，通过坐针毡、即兴表演和角色日记等练习深化理解。
- Hot-seating – a character answers questions in role to explore backstory and motivation. 坐针毡，角色接受提问以探索背景和动机。
12. Analytical and Evaluative Terms | 分析与评价术语
When writing about drama, use precise vocabulary to discuss effect. Link each analytical term to the question 'What does it create?' Tension, atmosphere, mood, symbolism, and convention are your toolkit.
在戏剧评析写作中，要用精准的词汇讨论效果。把每个分析术语与问题“它创造了什么？”联系起来：张力、氛围、情绪、象征和惯例就是你的工具箱。
- Tension – a sense of anticipation or conflict that keeps the audience engaged. 张力，让观众保持投入的期待感或冲突感。
- Atmosphere – the overall feeling of a scene created by sound, lighting, and performance. 氛围，由音效、灯光和表演创造的场景整体感觉。
- Mood – the emotional state evoked in the audience (more temporary than atmosphere). 情绪，在观众中唤起的情感状态（比氛围更短暂）。
- Symbolism – using an object, gesture, or colour to represent an idea. 象征，用物件、手势或颜色代表一个想法。
- Convention – an accepted technique or device in a particular style (e.g., direct address, monologue). 惯例，特定风格中被接受的手法（如面向观众独白）。
- Style – the overall distinctive manner of a production or playwright. 风格，制作或剧作家的整体独特方式。
Published by TutorHao | Drama Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图