📚 GCSE CCEA Music: Glossary of Key Terms Quick Reference Guide | GCSE CCEA 音乐：关键术语速记指南
This glossary provides a quick reference to essential musical terms for GCSE CCEA Music. Familiarity with these terms is crucial for success in the listening and appraising components, where you must describe and analyse musical features using precise vocabulary. Use this guide as a revision aid to memorise definitions and applications for each element of music.
本词汇表为 GCSE CCEA 音乐考试必备术语提供速记参考。熟悉这些术语对于在听力与评鉴部分取得成功至关重要，你需要使用准确的词汇来描述和分析音乐特征。请将本指南作为复习工具，熟记每个音乐元素的定义和应用。
1. Dynamics | 力度
pianissimo (pp): very soft.
极弱 (pp): 非常轻柔。
piano (p): soft.
弱 (p): 轻柔。
mezzo piano (mp): moderately soft.
中弱 (mp): 中等轻柔。
mezzo forte (mf): moderately loud.
中强 (mf): 中等响亮。
forte (f): loud.
强 (f): 响亮。
fortissimo (ff): very loud.
极强 (ff): 非常响亮。
crescendo (cresc.): gradually getting louder.
渐强 (cresc.): 逐渐变强。
diminuendo (dim.): gradually getting softer.
渐弱 (dim.): 逐渐变弱。
sforzando (sfz): a sudden, strong accent on a single note or chord.
突强 (sfz): 在单个音符或和弦上突然的强重音。
fortepiano (fp): loud then immediately soft.
强后突弱 (fp): 强奏后立即变弱。
subito piano (sub. p): suddenly soft.
突弱 (sub. p): 突然变弱。
2. Tempo | 速度
largo: very slow and broad.
广板: 非常缓慢而宽广。
adagio: slow and stately.
柔板: 缓慢而庄重。
andante: at a walking pace.
行板: 行走的速度。
moderato: moderate speed.
中板: 中速。
allegro: fast, lively.
快板: 快速、活泼。
vivace: very lively and fast.
活泼快板: 非常活泼且快速。
presto: very fast.
急板: 非常快。
accelerando (accel.): gradually getting faster.
渐快 (accel.): 逐渐加快。
rallentando (rall.): gradually getting slower.
渐慢 (rall.): 逐渐减慢。
ritardando (rit.): slowing down, often more deliberately than rallentando.
延缓 (rit.): 减速，常比渐慢更从容。
a tempo: return to the original tempo.
回原速: 回到原来的速度。
rubato: flexible tempo, expressive speeding up and slowing down.
自由节奏: 弹性速度，富有表现力地加快和减慢。
tempo marking (♩ = 120): metronome mark indicating beats per minute.
速度标记 (♩ = 120): 节拍器标记，表示每分钟拍数。
3. Rhythm and Metre | 节奏与节拍
pulse: the steady underlying beat.
脉搏/拍点: 稳定的基础节拍。
crotchet (quarter note): one beat note, written as ♩.
四分音符: 一拍音符，记作 ♩。
quaver (eighth note): half-beat note, written as ♪.
八分音符: 半拍音符，记作 ♪。
semiquaver (sixteenth note): quarter-beat note, written as 𝅘𝅥𝅰.
十六分音符: 四分之一拍音符。
dotted minim (dotted half note): three-beat note.
附点二分音符: 三拍音符。
rest: a silence measured in beats, e.g. crotchet rest.
休止符: 有特定拍数的静默，如四分休止符。
triplet: three notes played in the time of two.
三连音: 在等于两个音的时值内演奏三个音。
syncopation: emphasis on a weak beat or between beats.
切分音: 在弱拍或拍子之间强调重音。
anacrusis (upbeat): a note or notes before the first full bar.
弱起: 在第一完整小节之前的音符。
common time (4/4): four crotchet beats per bar.
普通拍子 (4/4): 每小节四拍。
simple triple (3/4): three crotchet beats per bar.
单三拍 (3/4): 每小节三拍。
compound duple (6/8): two dotted-crotchet beats per bar, each dividing into three quavers.
复二拍 (6/8): 每小节两个附点四分音符的拍子，各分为三个八分音符。
cross-rhythm: two conflicting rhythmic patterns played simultaneously.
交叉节奏: 两种冲突的节奏型同时演奏。
hemiola: a temporary shift from triple to duple feel, often in 3/4 time.
赫米奥拉: 在三拍子中临时出现的二拍子感觉。
4. Melody and Pitch | 旋律与音高
conjunct: stepwise melodic movement.
级进: 旋律以音阶相邻音移动。
disjunct: melodic movement with leaps.
跳进: 旋律以跳进方式移动。
range (tessitura): the distance between the highest and lowest notes.
音域: 最高音与最低音之间的距离。
register: high, middle or low part of an instrument's range.
音区: 乐器音域的高、中、低部分。
sequence: repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
模进: 在不同音高上重复旋律音型。
motif: a short distinctive melodic or rhythmic cell.
动机: 一个短小而鲜明的旋律或节奏细胞。
phrase: a musical sentence, like a musical idea.
乐句: 一乐句，如同一个音乐句子。
blue note: a flattened third, fifth or seventh used in blues and jazz.
蓝调音: 常用于布鲁斯和爵士的降低的三级、五级或七级音。
pentatonic: a five-note scale, commonly heard in folk music.
五声音阶: 五个音的音阶，常见于民间音乐。
chromatic: moving by semitones, using notes outside the key.
半音阶/半音: 以半音移动，使用调外音。
diatonic: using only notes belonging to the key.
自然音阶/自然音: 只使用调内音。
leap: an interval larger than a step.
跳进: 大于级进的音程。
passing note: a non-chord note connecting two chord tones.
经过音: 连接两个和弦音的非和弦音。
5. Harmony and Tonality | 和声与调性
chord: two or more notes sounding together.
和弦: 两个或多个音同时发声。
triad: a three-note chord built on root, third and fifth.
三和弦: 由根音、三音和五音构成的三音和弦。
major: a bright, happy-sounding tonality.
大调: 明亮、欢快感的调性。
minor: a sad, darker-sounding tonality.
小调: 忧伤、较暗感的调性。
dominant 7th: a triad plus a minor seventh above the root, built on the dominant (5th) scale degree.
属七和弦: 在属音上构建的三和弦加小七度音。
augmented triad: a triad with a raised fifth (e.g. C–E–G♯).
增三和弦: 升高五音的三和弦。
diminished triad: a triad with a flattened third and fifth (e.g. C–E♭–G♭).
减三和弦: 三音和五音都降低的三和弦。
perfect cadence: V–I, sounds final and complete.
正格终止: V–I，听起来完满结束。
imperfect cadence: I, ii or IV ending on V, sounds unfinished.
半终止: 结束在 V 上，听起来未完成。
plagal cadence: IV–I, like the 'Amen' ending.
变格终止: IV–I，像“阿们”的结束。
interrupted cadence: V–vi, a surprise ending.
阻碍终止: V–vi，意外终止。
modulation: a change of key during a piece.
转调: 乐曲中间调性的改变。
relative minor: the minor key sharing the same key signature as a major key.
关系小调: 与某个大调共享同一调号的小调。
pedal (drone): a sustained or repeated note, usually in the bass, over which harmonies change.
持续音: 低音部延续或重复的单个音，上方和声变化。
tonic: the first note of a scale, the home note.
主音: 音阶的第一个音，稳定的中心音。
6. Texture | 织体
monophonic: a single melodic line with no accompaniment.
单声部: 单一的旋律线条，无伴奏。
homophonic: a melody with chordal accompaniment, all parts moving together rhythmically.
主调织体: 一条主旋律加上和弦伴奏，各声部节奏基本一致。
polyphonic (contrapuntal): two or more independent melodic lines interweaving.
复调织体: 两条或更多独立旋律线条相互交织。
heterophonic: simultaneous variations of the same melody.
异音织体: 同一旋律的几个变体同时演奏。
melody and accompaniment: a clear melody with supporting chords.
旋律与伴奏: 清晰的旋律加和声伴奏支持。
unison: all parts playing the same notes at the same pitch, or octaves.
齐奏/齐唱: 所有声部演奏或演唱相同的音，或在八度上
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