📚 Year 13 WJEC Chinese: Case Study Practical Drill | Year 13 WJEC 中文：案例分析实战演练
Mastering the case study question is essential for success in the Year 13 WJEC A2 Chinese examination. This section tests your ability to synthesise information from authentic Chinese sources, analyse social phenomena, and present reasoned arguments in written Mandarin. This article provides a focused practical drill, taking you through a complete case study on China's ageing population, modelling the skills of data interpretation, cause-and-effect analysis, and structured response writing.
掌握案例分析题是在 Year 13 WJEC A2 中文考试中取得成功的关键。该部分考查你从真实中文材料中整合信息、分析社会现象并用书面中文提出合理论证的能力。本文提供一次集中的实战演练，带你完整体验一个关于中国人口老龄化的案例，模拟数据解读、因果分析和结构化答题的必备技能。
1. Decoding the WJEC Chinese Case Study | 解读 WJEC 中文案例分析题
The WJEC A2 Chinese case study typically presents a stimulus text (often with accompanying data) on a contemporary Chinese social, economic or cultural topic. You are asked to identify key trends, explain causes and consequences, and offer evaluations or suggestions. Success depends on both linguistic precision and critical thinking.
WJEC A2 中文案例分析通常会提供一段关于当代中国社会、经济或文化话题的引导性文本（常附数据）。题目要求你识别关键趋势，解释原因和后果，并提出评价或建议。成功既取决于语言准确性，也取决于批判性思维能力。
Examiners expect responses that are clearly structured, avoid vague generalisations, and use topic-specific vocabulary accurately. Marks are awarded for content, language quality, and the ability to draw on wider knowledge of Chinese society.
考官期待结构清晰、避免空泛概括并能准确使用主题相关词汇的答案。评分标准涵盖内容、语言质量以及运用中国社会更广泛知识的能力。
2. Case Background: China's Ageing Population | 案例背景：中国的人口老龄化
China is ageing at an unprecedented rate. By the end of 2022, the number of people aged 60 and above exceeded 280 million, accounting for 19.8% of the total population. The proportion of those aged 65 and above reached 14.9%, pushing China into a 'deeply ageing society'. This trend, driven by decades of low fertility under the one-child policy and rising life expectancy, poses profound challenges.
中国正以前所未有的速度老龄化。到 2022 年底，60 岁及以上人口超过 2.8 亿，占总人口的 19.8%。65 岁及以上人口比例达到 14.9%，使中国迈入“深度老龄化社会”。这一趋势由独生子女政策下数十年的低生育率和预期寿命延长所驱动，带来了深刻的挑战。
The one-child policy (1979-2015) successfully curbed population growth but led to a shrinking working-age population and a climbing dependency ratio. At the same time, improved healthcare and living standards have pushed average life expectancy to over 78 years. The result is a demographic structure that is top-heavy and economically strained.
独生子女政策（1979-2015 年）成功抑制了人口增长，但也导致了劳动年龄人口萎缩和抚养比攀升。同时，医疗和生活条件的改善使人均预期寿命超过 78 岁。结果是人口结构呈“头重脚轻”状态，经济压力巨大。
3. Stimulus Material: Data Table | 引导材料：数据表格
Study the following table carefully. It shows key ageing indicators for China, crucial for answering the practice question.
仔细研究下面的表格。它展示了中国老龄化的关键指标，对回答练习题至关重要。
| Indicator | 指标 | 2010 | 2020 | 2030 (projected) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population aged 60+ (%) | 60岁以上人口占比 | 13.3 | 18.7 | 25.0 |
| Old-age dependency ratio | 老年抚养比 | 11.9 | 19.7 | 32.0 |
| Working-age population (15-59) million | 劳动年龄人口（亿） | 9.40 | 8.94 | 8.10 |
| Average life expectancy (years) | 平均预期寿命（岁） | 74.8 | 77.9 | 79.5 |
The data reveals a sharp rise in both the elderly share and the dependency burden, while the labour force contracts. By 2030, one in four Chinese citizens will be over 60, and every 100 workers will support 32 elderly dependants, compared to only 12 in 2010.
数据揭示了老年人口占比和抚养负担的急剧上升，同时劳动力萎缩。到 2030 年，每四个中国公民中就有一个超过 60 岁，每 100 名劳动者要负担 32 名老年人，而 2010 年仅为 12 人。
4. Practice Question: Analyse and Propose | 实战问题：分析与建议
Based on the stimulus text and data, answer the following typical WJEC-style question: "Analyse the main economic and social challenges caused by China's ageing population and suggest feasible measures the government could take to address them."
根据引导文本和数据，回答下列 WJEC 风格的问题：“分析中国人口老龄化带来的主要经济和社会挑战，并提出政府可以采取的可行应对措施。”
This question demands a two-part structure: first, a concise analysis of challenges drawn from the evidence; second, well-justified suggestions that demonstrate awareness of current Chinese policies.
这道题要求采用两部分结构：首先，基于证据简洁分析挑战；其次，提出有理有据的建议，展示对中国现行政策的了解。
5. Analysing Economic Challenges | 经济挑战分析
The most immediate economic challenge is the shrinking labour supply. The working-age population is projected to fall from 894 million in 2020 to 810 million by 2030. A smaller workforce dampens potential economic growth and increases labour costs, threatening China's competitive edge in manufacturing.
最直接的经济挑战是劳动力供给萎缩。劳动年龄人口预计将从 2020 年的 8.94 亿降至 2030 年的 8.1 亿。劳动力减少会抑制潜在经济增长并推高劳动力成本，威胁中国在制造业的竞争优势。
The rising old-age dependency ratio places immense pressure on the pension system. With fewer workers contributing, the sustainability of pay-as-you-go pension schemes is at risk. Moreover, increased healthcare expenditure for the elderly diverts resources from investment in education and innovation.
不断攀升的老年抚养比给养老金体系带来巨大压力。随着缴费劳动者减少，现收现付制的养老金可持续性面临风险。此外，老年人医疗支出的增加会将资源从教育和创新投资中挤占出去。
6. Analysing Social Challenges | 社会挑战分析
Ageing profoundly reshapes family structures. The '4-2-1' family model—four grandparents, two parents, one child—places a heavy care burden on the shrinking younger generation. This can lead to elderly neglect and mental health strains for both carers and the elderly.
老龄化深刻重塑家庭结构。“4-2-1”家庭模式——四个祖父母、两个父母、一个孩子——给日益减少的年轻一代带来沉重的照护负担。这可能导致老人被忽视，以及照护者和老人的心理健康压力。
Rural ageing is particularly acute because many young adults have migrated to cities, leaving behind 'left-behind elderly' with little social support. The urban-rural imbalance in aged-care facilities exacerbates social inequality and loneliness among the rural old.
农村老龄化尤为严重，因为许多青壮年流入城市，留下缺少社会支持的“留守老人”。城乡养老设施的不平衡加剧了社会不平等和农村老人的孤独感。
7. Suggesting Government Measures | 提出政府措施
A comprehensive response requires specific, realistic suggestions. First, the government has already moved from a one-child policy to a universal two-child policy (2016) and now a three-child policy (2021), with supporting incentives such as tax reductions, extended maternity leave, and housing subsidies for families with more children to boost the birth rate.
完整的答案需要具体、切实可行的建议。首先，政府已从独生子女政策转向全面二孩（2016 年）及如今的三孩政策（2021 年），并配套激励措施，如减税、延长产假和向多子女家庭提供住房补贴，以提高出生率。
Second, gradually raising the retirement age, as planned, can immediately enlarge the effective workforce. Third, developing a multi-tiered aged-care system—combining community-based care, private nursing homes, and smart elderly-care technologies—can relieve family pressure and create new service industries.
第二，按计划逐步延迟退休年龄可以立即扩大有效劳动力。第三，发展多层次养老体系——结合社区养老、私立养老院和智慧养老科技——可以缓解家庭压力并创造新的服务产业。
Fourth, better integrating rural elderly into the social safety net through expanded basic pension coverage and affordable rural care centres would address the urban-rural divide and social justice.
第四，通过扩大基础养老金覆盖面和建设收费低廉的农村照料中心，将农村老人更好地纳入社会安全网，可以解决城乡差距与社会公平问题。
8. Structuring the Model Answer | 示范答案的结构搭建
A high-scoring answer should have a logical flow: introduction, analysis of challenges (economic then social), policy suggestions, and a brief conclusion. Use cohesive devices such as ‘首先…其次…此外…最后…’ to signal structure clearly, but avoid mechanical listing.
高分答案应有逻辑顺序：引言、挑战分析（先经济后社会）、政策建议，以及简短结论。使用“首先……其次……此外……最后……”等衔接手段清晰标示结构，但要避免机械罗列。
In the introduction, paraphrase the trend: ‘随着预期寿命延长和生育率持续偏低，中国正快速步入深度老龄化社会，这既带来经济减速风险，也考验社会承载能力。’ This immediately shows command of the topic.
在引言中，转述趋势：“随着预期寿命延长和生育率持续偏低，中国正快速步入深度老龄化社会，这既带来经济减速风险，也考验社会承载能力。” 这能立刻展现对话题的驾驭能力。
Each analytical point must be backed by data from the table. For example, ‘老年抚养比从 2010 年的 11.9% 升至 2020 年的 19.7%，预计 2030 年将达 32%，这意味着养老金体系面临空前压力。’
每一个分析点都必须用表中的数据支撑。例如，“老年抚养比从 2010 年的 11.9% 升至 2020 年的 19.7%，预计 2030 年将达 32%，这意味着养老金体系面临空前压力。”
9. Vocabulary and Sentence Patterns Toolkit | 词汇与句型工具箱
To elevate your answer, incorporate topic-specific lexis. Essential terms include: 老龄化 (ageing), 劳动年龄人口 (working-age population), 抚养比 (dependency ratio), 社会保障体系 (social security system), 延迟退休 (delaying retirement), and 银发经济 (silver economy).
要提升答案水平，应融入主题词汇。关键术语包括：老龄化、劳动年龄人口、抚养比、社会保障体系、延迟退休和银发经济。
Use pattern drills: ‘导致…的原因主要有以下几点…’, ‘从数据可以看出…’, ‘为了应对这一挑战，政府可以采取…措施’, and ‘总而言之，…需要综合性的长期策略。’ Practising these frames in advance builds fluency.
使用句型模板：“导致……的原因主要有以下几点……”、“从数据可以看出……”、“为了应对这一挑战，政府可以采取……措施”，以及“总而言之，……需要综合性的长期策略”。提前练习这些框架有助于提高流利度。
10. Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them | 常见误区与避免方法
One frequent mistake is simply listing information from the stimulus without analysis. Avoid sentences like ‘The percentage of old people is 18.7% in 2020.’ Instead, interpret: ‘2020年老年人口占比达到18.7%，较2010年上升了5.4个百分点，表明老龄化速度加快。’
一个常见错误是单纯罗列材料中的信息而不做分析。避免“2020 年老年人百分比是 18.7%”这样的句子。应解读为：“2020 年老年人口占比达到 18.7%，较 2010 年上升了 5.4 个百分点，表明老龄化速度加快。”
Another pitfall is offering unrealistic suggestions, such as ‘abolish all restrictions immediately.’ Suggestions must align with the Chinese context—gradual reform, state-led market mechanisms, and technology integration are more credible.
另一个误区是提出不切实际的建议，比如“立即取消所有限制”。建议必须符合中国国情——渐进式改革、国家主导的市场机制以及科技融合才更有说服力。
Lastly, many students neglect to balance opinions. Acknowledge both progress already made and remaining difficulties. This demonstrates nuanced understanding and earns higher marks for content.
最后，许多学生忽略平衡观点。要承认已经取得的进展和仍然存在的困难。这能体现细致的理解，在内容上获得更高分数。
11. Self-Check and Timed Drill | 自查与计时训练
After drafting your answer, use this checklist: Did I use at least three pieces of data from the table? Did I separate economic and social impacts? Did I propose three or more feasible government measures? Did I employ a range of cohesive devices? Is my language formal and accurate, without colloquialisms?
完成草稿后，使用以下自查表：我是否使用了至少三个表格中的数据？我是否将经济与社会影响分开阐述？我是否提出了三项或以上可行的政府措施？我是否运用了多种衔接手段？我的语言是否正式准确，没有口语化表达？
For timed practice, allocate 30 minutes: 5 minutes to annotate the stimulus, 15 minutes to write, and 10 minutes to revise and polish vocabulary. Practice with different topics—such as environmental policy or education reform—to build transferable analytical skills.
进行计时训练时，分配 30 分钟：5 分钟标注材料，15 分钟写作，10 分钟修改和润色词汇。用不同话题（如环保政策或教育改革）练习，以培养可迁移的分析能力。
12. Summary: From Drill to Mastery | 总结：从演练到精通
The case study practical drill transforms a potentially intimidating task into a manageable process. By systematically unpacking the stimulus, linking data to real-world phenomena, and crafting evidence-based arguments in accurate Chinese, you can consistently hit the top mark bands. Remember that examiners reward depth of insight and linguistic sophistication over sheer length. Internalise the model thinking demonstrated here, and adapt it nimbly to whatever case study appears on the day.
案例分析实战演练把一项可能令人生畏的任务转化为可控的过程。通过系统解读材料、将数据与现实世界现象相联系，并用准确的中文构建基于证据的论证，你可以稳定地达到最高分数段。记住，考官奖励的是见解深度和语言精妙，而非单纯的长度。内化这里展示的思维模式，并在考试当天灵活地将其应用于任何出现的案例分析题。
Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图