📚 IGCSE CAIE German: High-Frequency Exam Topics & Common Mistakes Analysis | IGCSE CAIE 德语：高频考点与易错题分析
IGCSE CAIE German (0525) tests your ability to understand and use the language across four skills: listening, reading, speaking and writing. To score high, you need more than just vocabulary — you must master the grammar patterns that appear year after year and avoid the errors that repeatedly catch students out. This article breaks down the most tested topics, highlights common pitfalls, and gives you clear explanations and practical solutions in both English and Chinese. Use it alongside your past paper practice to sharpen your exam technique.
IGCSE CAIE 德语（0525）考试从听说读写四个维度检测你的语言应用能力。想要取得高分，光靠词汇还不够——你必须掌握年复一年反复出现的语法规律，并避开那些一再让学生失分的易错点。本文逐项拆解最高频的考点，点出常见陷阱，并以中英双语给出清晰解析和实用对策。请配合真题训练，精准打磨你的应试技巧。
1. Cases: Nominative, Accusative, Dative and Genitive | 格：主格、宾格、与格、属格
The four German cases are the foundation of almost every sentence. Examiners frequently test them through gap-fill exercises, sentence transformation and writing tasks. The most common mistake is mixing up the accusative and dative after certain prepositions or verbs. Remember that the direct object usually takes the accusative, while the indirect object takes the dative. In CAIE reading papers, a wrongly chosen case can change the meaning completely, especially with two-way prepositions. The genitive is less frequent but often appears in formal writing contexts such as letters and reports. A simple table helps you visualise the article changes.
德语的四格是几乎所有句子的根基。考官常通过完形填空、句型转换和写作题来考查。最常见的错误是在特定介词或动词后混淆宾格和与格。要记住，直接宾语一般用宾格，间接宾语用与格。在 CAIE 阅读卷中，选错格可能完全改变句意，双格介词尤其如此。属格考查频率较低，但常出现在信件、报告等正式写作中。借助一张简单的表格可以帮你直观把握冠词变化。
| Case / 格 | Masculine / 阳性 | Neuter / 中性 | Feminine / 阴性 | Plural / 复数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | der / ein | das / ein | die / eine | die / - |
| Accusative | den / einen | das / ein | die / eine | die / - |
| Dative | dem / einem | dem / einem | der / einer | den / - |
| Genitive | des / eines | des / eines | der / einer | der / - |
A typical error: 'Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch' (I give the book to the man) is correct, but many students write 'Ich gebe den Mann das Buch', treating the recipient as a direct object. Always ask: 'Whom?' for dative and 'What?' for accusative. In the reading paper, watch out for sentences like 'Er sitzt auf dem Stuhl' (on the chair, location = dative) versus 'Er setzt sich auf den Stuhl' (onto the chair, direction = accusative).
典型错误：'Ich gebe dem Mann das Buch' 是正确的，但很多学生写成 'Ich gebe den Mann das Buch'，把接收者当成了直接宾语。要养成习惯：问“谁？”定与格，问“什么？”定宾格。在阅读卷中，留意类似 'Er sitzt auf dem Stuhl'（坐在椅子上，状态→与格）与 'Er setzt sich auf den Stuhl'（坐到椅子上，动态→宾格）的区别。
2. Adjective Endings | 形容词词尾变化
Adjective endings are a high-frequency point in CAIE writing and gap-fill exercises. The rule depends on three factors: whether the article is definite, indefinite or missing, the case, and the gender. Students often over-generalise the '-e' ending. A key insight is that with a definite article, the adjective usually takes '-e' or '-en', while with no article, the adjective must show the case clearly, e.g. 'kaltes Wasser' (neuter nominative/accusative). In the reading exam, adjectives in longer texts may be used to hide clues; if you misread the ending, you might miss the object or subject. Practice by drilling the 'weak', 'strong' and 'mixed' declension tables until they become automatic.
形容词词尾是 CAIE 写作和完形填空中的高频考点。词尾变化取决于三个因素：冠词是定冠词、不定冠词还是无冠词，格的类型，以及名词的性。学生容易过度泛用 '-e' 词尾。一条关键规律：带定冠词时，形容词通常接 '-e' 或 '-en'；无冠词时，形容词必须清楚体现格位，例如 'kaltes Wasser'（中性的主格或宾格）。在阅读考试中，长篇文章里的形容词词尾可能被用来隐藏线索；如果你误读词尾，就可能搞错宾语或主语。建议反复操练“弱变化”“强变化”和“混合变化”三张表，直至形成条件反射。
An example from past papers: 'Ich habe einen guten Freund' (accusative masculine mixed declension) is frequently tested. Learners often write 'einen guter Freund' by mistakenly applying the nominative form. Another common slip: 'mit meinem alten Auto' — the dative ending '-en' on the adjective after 'meinem' is easy to forget. For accuracy, always identify the article first, then the case, then the gender.
真题中常见例子：'Ich habe einen guten Freund'（宾格阳性混合变化）经常被考到。学习者往往错误地套用主格形式，写成 'einen guter Freund'。另一个常见疏忽：'mit meinem alten Auto'——在物主代词 'meinem' 之后，形容词与格词尾 '-en' 很容易被遗漏。为保证正确，务必先定冠词，再定格，再定性。
3. Word Order: Verb Position in Main and Subordinate Clauses | 语序：主从句中动词的位置
German word order is a core challenge and a favourite of examiners. In main clauses, the conjugated verb must be the second element, but note that the first element is not always the subject. Inverted word order (e.g. 'Heute gehe ich ins Kino') appears in almost every writing and reading task. In subordinate clauses introduced by conjunctions like 'weil', 'dass', 'obwohl', the conjugated verb goes to the end. This rule is worth 5-10% of your writing marks and features in transformation exercises. The most serious mistake is placing the verb second in a 'weil' clause, for instance 'weil ich bin müde'. The correct form is 'weil ich müde bin'.
德语的语序是核心难点，也是考官偏爱的命题点。在主句中，变位动词必须是第二个成分，但要注意第一位不一定是主语。倒装语序（如 'Heute gehe ich ins Kino'）几乎出现在每一道写作和阅读题中。在由 'weil'、'dass'、'obwohl' 等连词引入的从句中，变位动词位于末尾。这条规则在写作中约占 5-10% 的分值，且常见于句型转换题。最严重的错误是把 'weil' 从句中的动词放在第二位，例如 'weil ich bin müde'。正确形式是 'weil ich müde bin'。
Also check the position of separable prefixes. In a main clause, the prefix goes to the end: 'Ich rufe dich an'. In a subordinate clause with a modal verb, the prefix can stay attached: 'weil ich dich anrufen möchte'. In the reading paper, spotting the end of a long clause helps you locate the main verb and understand the sentence's logic. Underline the conjunction and the verb at the end to train your eye.
同时还要注意可分动词前缀的位置。在主句中，前缀置末：'Ich rufe dich an'。在带情态动词的从句中，前缀与动词可以相连：'weil ich dich anrufen möchte'。在阅读卷中，找出长从句的末尾动词有助于你把握主干动词并理清句意。建议在读文章时，用下划线标出连词和末尾动词，训练自己的敏感度。
4. Tenses: Present, Perfect, Future and the Narrative Past | 时态：现在时、完成时、将来时与叙述过去时
CAIE IGCSE German tasks require accurate use of three main tenses: the present for current events, the perfect for spoken past, and the future with 'werden'. In writing, mixing up 'haben' and 'sein' as auxiliary verbs in the perfect is a classic error. Motion verbs and verbs of state change (e.g. gehen, fahren, einschlafen) form the perfect with 'sein'. The past participle of regular verbs ends in '-t' (gemacht), while many irregular verbs end in '-en' (geschrieben). In reading, the past tense (Präteritum) of 'haben' and 'sein' (hatte, war) often appears in narratives; misreading them can lead to timeline confusion. Also, the future tense 'werden' + infinitive is sometimes tested in the writing paper, e.g. 'Ich werde nächstes Jahr nach Deutschland fliegen'. Avoid placing the infinitive too early — place it at the end.
CAIE IGCSE 德语要求准确使用三种主要时态：现在时描述当前事件，完成时用于口语化的过去，以及 'werden' 构成的将来时。在写作中，混淆完成时助动词 'haben' 和 'sein' 是典型错误。移动动词和状态变化动词（如 gehen, fahren, einschlafen）用 'sein' 构成完成时。规则动词的过去分词词尾是 '-t'（gemacht），许多不规则动词则以 '-en' 结尾（geschrieben）。在阅读中，'haben' 和 'sein' 的过去时（hatte, war）常出现在叙事中；如果误读就会导致时间线混乱。此外，将来时 'werden + 不定式' 也常在写作卷中考查，如 'Ich werde nächstes Jahr nach Deutschland fliegen'。注意不要把不定式提前——要置于句末。
A common pitfall in past papers: 'Ich bin gestern ins Kino gegangen' (correct) versus 'Ich habe gegangen' (incorrect). For irregular past participles, make flashcards and test yourself regularly. The CAIE listening exam may test tense recognition: a sentence like 'Morgen werde ich es tun' uses the future to express a plan, whereas 'Ich habe es schon getan' uses the perfect for a completed action. Underline time markers to help identify the tense.
真题中的常见陷阱：'Ich bin gestern ins Kino gegangen'（正确）与 'Ich habe gegangen'（错误）。对不规则过去分词，可制作卡片并定期自测。CAIE 听力考试也可能考查时态识别：'Morgen werde ich es tun' 用将来时表达计划，而 'Ich habe es schon getan' 用完成时表达已完成动作。请养成划出时间标记的习惯，用以辅助判断时态。
5. Prepositions with Accusative, Dative and Two-way Prepositions | 介词与宾格、与格和双格介词
Prepositions are a compact but high-stakes area. Accusative-only prepositions (durch, fü nach, seit, von, zu) must be memorised. Two-way prepositions (an, auf, hinter, in, neben, ü location. In writing and gap-fill tasks, this distinction is tested heavily. An error like 'Ich bin in die Küche' when meaning 'I am in the kitchen' (location, should be dative 'in der Küche') is extremely common. A useful mnemonic: 'ACCusative = ACtion (movement), Dative = DAted (static location)'. In reading, the same preposition with different cases can alter meaning: 'Er läuft in das Haus' (into the house) vs. 'Er läuft in dem Haus' (inside the house). Pay attention to the question 'Wohin?' (where to?) vs. 'Wo?' (where?).
介词虽然零碎，分值却很高。只看宾格的介词（durch, für, gegen, ohne, um）和只看与格的介词（aus, bei, mit, nach, seit, von, zu）必须牢记。双格介词（an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen）表移动时接宾格，表静止状态时接与格。在写作和完形填空中，这一区别考查极为频繁。一个典型错误是表示“我在厨房里”却写成 'Ich bin in die Küche'（应为与格 'in der Küche'）。一个记忆口诀：'ACCusative = ACtion（动作），Dative = DAted（静态）'。在阅读中，同一个介词后接不同格位可以改变句意：'Er läuft in das Haus'（跑进房子）对比 'Er läuft in dem Haus'（在房子里跑）。留意提问是 'Wohin?'（去哪里？）还是 'Wo?'（在哪里？）。
Also note the contraction of certain prepositions with the definite article, e.g. 'in dem' becomes 'im', 'an dem' becomes 'am'. In the CAIE writing paper, using these contractions appropriately adds naturalness, but when uncertain, write the full form to avoid mistakes. In listening, contracted forms can be hard to catch, so train your ear with authentic recordings.
还要注意某些介词与定冠词的缩写，如 'in dem' 简化为 'im'，'an dem' 简化为 'am'。在 CAIE 写作中，适当使用缩写可以让语言更自然，但不确定时就写出完整形式以避免扣分。听力中，缩写形式容易被漏听，因此要多用真实录音磨耳朵。
6. Separable Verbs in Different Constructions | 可分动词在不同结构中的用法
Separable verbs (trennbare Verben) such as 'aufstehen', 'mitkommen', 'einkaufen' are a high-frequency feature of everyday German and appear throughout the CAIE exam. In main clauses, the prefix detaches and moves to the end: 'Ich stehe um 7 Uhr auf'. In subordinate clauses, however, the prefix remains attached: 'weil ich um 7 Uhr aufstehe'. When used with modal verbs, the whole separable verb stays at the end: 'Ich möchte um 7 Uhr aufstehen'. Many candidates lose marks by forgetting to separate the verb in simple statements or by placing the prefix in the wrong position. In reading, misplacing the prefix can make the sentence incomprehensible. Look for prefixes like ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu- and treat them as signal flags. In writing, always read your sentence out loud: if the prefix is stranded at the end of a wrong clause, it will sound unnatural.
可分动词（trennbare Verben）如 'aufstehen', 'mitkommen', 'einkaufen' 是日常德语的高频特征，在 CAIE 全卷中反复出现。在主句中，前缀分离并置于句末：'Ich stehe um 7 Uhr auf'。然而在从句中，前缀与动词保持一体：'weil ich um 7 Uhr aufstehe'。与情态动词连用时，整一个可分动词留在句末：'Ich möchte um 7 Uhr aufstehen'。许多考生因为忘记在简单陈述句中分离前缀，或者把前缀放错位置而失分。在阅读中，前缀位置错误会导致句子难以理解。要特别留意 ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, ein-, mit-, vor-, zu- 等前缀，把它们视作信号旗。写作时，务必把句子大声读一遍：如果前缀被错放在从句末尾以外的位置，听起来会很不自然。
Past paper examples: 'Er kauft im Supermarkt ein' (correct) often becomes 'Er einkauft im Supermarkt' in student errors. In the perfect tense: 'Er hat eingekauft' — note the 'ge' between prefix and stem. For separable verbs starting with 'ab-', 'an-', etc., the 'ge' goes between prefix and stem, which many students forget.
真题示例：'Er kauft im Supermarkt ein' 经常被学生误写成 'Er einkauft im Supermarkt'。在完成时中：'Er hat eingekauft'——注意 'ge' 在前缀和词干之间。对于以 'ab-', 'an-' 等开头的可分动词，'ge' 必须放在前缀与词干之间，这一点很多学生会忘记。
7. Subordinating Conjunctions and Clause Structure | 从属连词与从句结构
Subordinating conjunctions like 'weil', 'dass', 'wenn', 'obwohl', 'bevor', 'nachdem' push the conjugated verb to the very end of the clause. This is one of the most heavily weighted grammatical rules in CAIE writing. Exercises often ask you to combine two main clauses into one complex sentence, testing your ability to manage verb position. The trap is that students may treat 'weil' like 'denn' (which is a coordinating conjunction and keeps normal word order). A reliable method: when you see a subordinator, draw a mental arrow to the end and place the verb there. Also, when you have two verbs in a subordinate clause (modal + infinitive or perfect auxiliary + participle), the conjugated verb still goes to the end, but the second verb comes directly before it: 'weil ich das nicht machen kann' or 'weil ich das gemacht habe'. In reading, quickly identifying these end-of-clause verbs helps you unpack meaning.
从属连词如 'weil', 'dass', 'wenn', 'obwohl', 'bevor', 'nachdem' 会把变位动词推到从句的末尾。这是 CAIE 写作中权重最高的语法规则之一。试卷常要求你将两个主句合并为一个复杂句，以此检验你对动词位置的掌控。常见的陷阱是学生把 'weil' 当成 'denn'（并列连词，动词不往后放）来用。一个可靠方法：看到从属连词，就在脑中将动词“射”到句末。此外，如果从句中有两个动词（情态动词+不定式，或者完成时助动词+分词），变位动词仍然在句末，但第二个动词紧接着放在它前面：'weil ich das nicht machen kann' 或 'weil ich das gemacht habe'。在阅读中，迅速捕捉从句末的这些动词能帮助你准确拆解句意。
Another tricky area is the position of 'nicht' in subordinate clauses. Usually 'nicht' goes before the element it negates, but in a subordinate clause it often lands just before the final verb cluster: 'weil er das Buch nicht gelesen hat'. Many learners place 'nicht' after the auxiliary, producing an incorrect rhythm. In the speaking exam, pausing naturally before the end-of-clause verb can boost your fluency score.
另一个棘手点是 'nicht' 在从句中的位置。一般 'nicht' 放在被否定成分之前，但在从句中它往往位于末尾动词群之前：'weil er das Buch nicht gelesen hat'。很多学习者会把 'nicht' 放在助动词之后，导致节奏错误。在口语考试中，自然停顿在从句末尾动词之前，可以提高你流利度的得分。
8. Listening: Recognising Common Traps and Elisions | 听力：识别常见陷阱和连读弱读
The CAIE listening paper frequently tests your ability to distinguish between similar-sounding words (e.g. 'Stadt' vs. 'statt', 'Meer' vs. 'mehr'), understand numbers, times and prices, and catch negations. A notorious trap is the double negative or the subtle 'doch' which can contradict an earlier statement. Speakers often use fillers and false starts; training your ear to ignore these and focus on content words is essential. In addition, the contracted forms like 'ham' for 'haben' or 'ne' for 'eine' can baffle candidates. When practising, listen to a variety of accents and speeds. Note that questions often paraphrase what you hear, so do not expect exact word matches. For example, you might hear 'Ich habe keine Zeit, denn ich muss noch arbeiten' but the question says 'Why is she busy?' — you need to infer 'work'.
CAIE 听力卷常考近音词辨析（如 'Stadt' 与 'statt'，'Meer' 与 'mehr'）、数字、时间和价格的听辨，以及否定表达的捕捉。一个出名的陷阱是双重否定或微妙的 'doch'，它能推翻此前的陈述。说话者常使用填充词和改口；训练耳朵忽略这些冗余、聚焦实词至关重要。此外，'ham'（haben）、'ne'（eine）等缩合形式也容易让考生发懵。平时练习时要接触不同的口音和语速。要注意题目通常会转述听到的内容，不要指望逐词对应。例如，听到 'Ich habe keine Zeit, denn ich muss noch arbeiten'，题目可能是 'Why is she busy?' ——你必须推断出“工作”这一信息。
A common mistake is writing numbers incorrectly, e.g. confusing 'sechzehn' (16) and 'sechzig' (60). The -zehn and -zig endings sound similar under pressure. Practise dictation of numbers, dates and telephone numbers. In question types that ask you to tick boxes or match statements, eliminate options quickly by catching key words like 'nie', 'immer', 'leider', 'kein'. Time words like 'morgen', 'gestern', 'nächstes Jahr' are crucial for tense and context. Teach yourself to write notes in English as you listen, then transfer answers in the final minute — this reduces cognitive load.
一个常见错误是数字误写，例如把 'sechzehn'（16）与 'sechzig'（60）搞混。在紧张状态下，'-zehn' 和 '-zig' 的词尾听起来非常相似。日常要常做数字、日期和电话号码的听写训练。遇到勾选题或配对题时，要通过捕捉 'nie', 'immer', 'leider', 'kein' 等关键词快速排除干扰项。'morgen', 'gestern', 'nächstes Jahr' 等时间词对判断时态和语境极为关键。养成边听边用英文做速记、最后再誊写的习惯，可以有效减轻认知负担。
9. Reading: Identifying False Friends and Inference Questions | 阅读：辨别假朋友与推断题
Reading comprehension in CAIE German often uses cognates and false friends to test precision. Words like 'aktuell' (current, not 'actual'), 'eventuell' (possibly, not 'eventually'), 'Knabe' (boy, not 'knave' in the old sense), 'Gift' (poison, not a present) appear regularly. Relying on English similarity can lead you to the wrong answer. Inference questions, where the answer is not directly stated, are also high-frequency. They require you to combine information from two sentences or read tone. For example, a character saying 'Das ist ja toll' with an exclamation mark could be sarcastic in context. When answering, highlight the parts of the text that support your choice. Be aware of negations like 'nicht nur ... sondern auch' which can flip a meaning. CAIE also expects you to understand register: a formal letter vs. an informal email. The reading paper may ask you to identify whether a text is a report, an advertisement, or a personal narrative based on language style.
CAIE 德语阅读理解常利用同源词和假朋友来考精准度。像 'aktuell'（当前的，而非 actual）、'eventuell'（可能的，而非 eventually）、'Knabe'（男孩）、'Gift'（毒药）这类词频繁出现。依赖英语相似性很容易让你跳进错误答案的坑。推断题（答案并非直接给出）也是高频题型，要求你综合两句话的信息或分析语气。例如，人物说 'Das ist ja toll' 加上感叹号，在语境中可能表示讽刺。作答时，记得划出文中支持你判断的内容。留意 'nicht nur ... sondern auch' 等否定结构，它可能反转句意。CAIE 还期待你理解语域：正式信件 vs 非正式邮件。阅读卷可能要求你根据语言风格判断文本是报告、广告、还是个人叙述。
Another common error is misreading the question: 'Kreuzen Sie die richtige Aussage an' vs. 'Welche ist falsch?' In the rush, students pick the true statement when asked for the false one. Underline the keyword 'falsch' or 'nicht' in the question. For vocabulary-in-context tasks, always go back to the sentence to deduce meaning rather than relying on prior knowledge. Words like 'Bank' can mean bench or bank depending on context.
另一个常见错误是看错题干：'Kreuzen Sie die richtige Aussage an'（勾出正确陈述）对比 'Welche ist falsch?'（哪一个是错的？）。仓促中，学生经常在要求选错时选了正确的。一定要在题干中圈出 'falsch' 或 'nicht'。对于上下文猜词题，务必回到句子中进行推断，而不是依赖自己的已知义项。像 'Bank' 这样的词，根据上下文可以是长椅也可以是银行。
10. Writing: Formal and Informal Letters, Common Grammar Slips | 写作：正式与非正式信件，常见语法失分
The writing paper (Paper 2) requires you to produce two pieces of continuous text, often a short letter/email and a longer essay or article. The most tested formats are the informal letter to a friend and the formal letter to a company or organisation. Greeting and closing formula mistakes are frequent: for informal letters, 'Lieber/Liebe ...' + first name, closing with 'Viele Grüße' or 'Dein/Deine'. For formal letters, 'Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,' (no name) or 'Sehr geehrter Herr Schmidt,' with the appropriate title, and close with 'Mit freundlichen Grüßen'. Remember the comma after the greeting and the lack of a full stop after the closing phrase. In content, students often over-translate from English, creating unnatural phrases. Stick to structures you know are correct. A common grammar slip is omitting the subject after 'und' in a compound sentence — German requires the subject to be repeated or a clear pronoun. Also, watch out for the tricky modal particles like 'ja', 'mal', 'denn' that add naturalness but are easily misused. Only use them if you are sure of their effect.
写作卷（Paper 2）要求写两篇连续文本，通常是一封短信/邮件和一篇较长的文章或议论文。考查最多的格式是给朋友的非正式信件和给公司或机构的正式信件。称谓和落款错误极为常见：非正式信件用 'Lieber/Liebe ...' + 名，结尾写 'Viele Grüße' 或 'Dein/Deine'。正式信件用 'Sehr geehrte Damen und Herren,'（无名）或 'Sehr geehrter Herr Schmidt,' 加上合适头衔，结尾用 'Mit freundlichen Grüßen'。注意称呼后必须有逗号，落款后不加句号。内容上，学生常常硬套英文表达，造出不自然的句子。一定要使用你确定正确的结构。一个常见语法失分点是在 'und' 连接并列句时省略主语——德语要求重复主语或使用清晰的代词。此外，留意 'ja', 'mal', 'denn' 等情态小品词，它们能为语言增色但极易用错。只有当你确定其语气时才使用。
Essay writing often tests your ability to give opinions and justify them. Use connectives like 'obwohl', 'deshalb', 'trotzdem', 'außerdem' to link ideas, but ensure correct word order. A very frequent mistake: 'Ich mag Deutsch, weil es ist interessant' should be 'weil es interessant ist'. Plan your essay with bullet points in German. Also, check adjective endings after 'alle', 'viele', 'einige' — they follow the plural adjective declension, e.g. 'viele gute Schüler'. Spelling of common words must be flawless; 'ie' vs 'ei' (e.g. 'spielen' vs. 'kaufen') errors are penalised.
论说文常考查你表达观点并进行论证的能力。使用 'obwohl', 'deshalb', 'trotzdem', 'außerdem' 等连接词来串联要点，但要确保语序正确。一个超高频错误：'Ich mag Deutsch, weil es ist interessant' 应为 'weil es interessant ist'。下笔前用德语列个要点提纲。此外，检查 'alle', 'viele', 'einige' 后的形容词词尾——它们遵循复数形容词变格，如 'viele gute Schüler'。常见词的拼写必须万无一失；'ie' 与 'ei' 的混淆（如 'spielen' 和 'kaufen'）会被扣分。
11. Speaking: Answering Questions and Avoiding Short Responses | 口语：回答问题并避免简答
In the speaking component (Paper 3), the examiner assesses your fluency, accuracy, pronunciation and ability to develop answers. The most common mistake is giving one-word or very short answers. For every question, aim to produce at least two full sentences. For instance, if asked 'Was machst du in deiner Freizeit?', do not just answer 'Fußball spielen'. Instead say: 'In meiner Freizeit spiele ich gern Fußball. Ich bin Mitglied in einem Verein und trainiere zweimal pro Woche.' That demonstrates vocabulary, a range of verbs and correct word order. Also, question words are frequently mixed up: 'Wo' (where), 'Wohin' (direction), 'Woher' (origin), 'Wann' (when), 'Wie' (how). In role play tasks, you might need to ask questions; ensure you use the correct interrogative and invert the verb: 'Können Sie mir sagen, wo der Bahnhof ist?' not 'wo ist der Bahnhof?'
在口语部分（Paper 3），考官从流利度、准确度、发音和展开回答的能力四个维度来评分。最普遍的错误是给出一个词或极短的回答。对每个问题，至少要输出两个完整的句子。例如，当被问到 'Was machst du in deiner Freizeit?'，不要只答 'Fußball spielen'。
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