📚 IGCSE Cambridge Music: Quick Guide to Key Terminology | IGCSE Cambridge 音乐：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering essential musical terms is crucial for success in the Cambridge IGCSE Music examination. Whether you are analysing set works, describing music in the listening paper, or annotating your own compositions, a solid vocabulary allows you to communicate with precision and confidence. This guide provides a quick-reference summary of key terms organised by musical element, complete with bilingual explanations to help you memorise them efficiently. Use these pages alongside your listening practice to build a fluent musical language.
掌握基本的音乐术语对于剑桥 IGCSE 音乐考试的成功至关重要。无论你是在分析规定作品、在听力试卷中描述音乐，还是为自己的作曲添加注释，扎实的词汇都能让你准确而自信地表达。本指南按音乐要素归纳了关键术语，并配以双语解释，帮助你高效记忆。请将这些术语与听力练习结合使用，逐步建立流畅的音乐语言。
1. Dynamics | 力度
Dynamics indicate the volume of music. The standard Italian terms from softest to loudest are: pianissimo (pp) – very soft, piano (p) – soft, mezzo piano (mp) – moderately soft, mezzo forte (mf) – moderately loud, forte (f) – loud, and fortissimo (ff) – very loud. Composers sometimes employ ppp or fff for extreme dynamic levels.
力度 表示音乐的响度。从最弱到最强的标准意大利术语为：极弱 (pp)、弱 (p)、中弱 (mp)、中强 (mf)、强 (f) 和 极强 (ff)。作曲家有时会使用 ppp 或 fff 表示极端的力度层次。
Gradual changes are marked by crescendo (cresc.) – gradually getting louder, and diminuendo (dim.) or decrescendo (decresc.) – gradually getting softer. Sudden emphases include sforzando (sfz) – a sudden strong accent, and fortepiano (fp) – loud then immediately soft. Subito piano (sub. p) means suddenly soft, creating a striking contrast.
力度的逐渐变化用 渐强 (cresc.) 表示音量逐渐增大，用 渐弱 (dim. 或 decresc.) 表示音量逐渐减小。突然的强调包括 突强 (sfz) – 一个突然的重音，以及 强后即弱 (fp) – 强奏后立刻变弱。突弱 (sub. p) 表示突然变弱，营造鲜明对比。
2. Tempo | 速度
Tempo refers to the speed of the pulse. Common Italian tempo markings, from slowest to fastest, are: Largo (very slow and broad), Adagio (slow), Andante (walking pace), Moderato (moderate), Allegro (fast and lively), Vivace (lively and fast), and Presto (very fast). These give the basic character of a movement.
速度 指节拍进行的快慢。从最慢到最快的常见意大利速度标记为：广板 (Largo) – 很慢而宽广，柔板 (Adagio) – 慢，行板 (Andante) – 步行速度，中板 (Moderato) – 适中，快板 (Allegro) – 快速活泼，活泼的快板 (Vivace) 和 急板 (Presto)。这些标记赋予乐章基本的性格。
Slight adjustments are shown with suffixes: Allegretto (slightly slower than Allegro), Andantino (slightly faster than Andante). Molto means very, as in Molto allegro
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