📚 IGCSE Cambridge French: Quick Memorisation Guide for Key Vocabulary & Terms | IGCSE 剑桥法语：核心词汇术语速记指南
Mastering French vocabulary is the foundation of success in the IGCSE Cambridge examination. This guide provides a structured approach to memorising the most frequently tested words and expressions, along with practical memory techniques to help you retain them effectively. Whether you are preparing for the reading, writing, listening or speaking components, a strong lexical base will boost your confidence and your grade.
掌握法语词汇是在 IGCSE 剑桥考试中取得成功的基础。本指南提供了一种结构化的方法，用于记忆最常考的核心词汇和表达，同时配有实用的记忆技巧，帮助你有效记住它们。无论你是在准备阅读、写作、听力还是口语部分，扎实的词汇基础都会提升你的信心和成绩。
1. Why Vocabulary Memorisation Matters | 词汇记忆为何重要
At IGCSE level, examiners expect you to understand and use a wide range of vocabulary across defined topic areas. Without a reliable store of words, comprehension falters and your spoken or written responses remain limited. Targeted vocabulary learning reduces the cognitive load during exams, allowing you to focus on grammar and communication rather than searching for basic terms.
在 IGCSE 阶段，考官期望你理解并运用涵盖特定主题领域的广泛词汇。如果没有可靠的词汇储备，理解就会受阻，口头或书面表达也会受限。有针对性的词汇学习能减轻考试中的认知负担，让你专注于语法和交流，而不是苦苦搜寻基本词语。
Moreover, the Cambridge syllabus is built around five broad themes: Everyday Activities, Personal and Social Life, The World Around Us, The World of Work, and The International World. Each theme contains sub-topics for which specific lexical sets are tested repeatedly. By recognising these patterns, you can prioritise high-yield vocabulary and accelerate your progress.
此外，剑桥教学大纲围绕五大主题构建：日常活动、个人与社会生活、我们周围的世界、工作世界以及国际世界。每个主题包含若干子话题，这些子话题的特定词汇组合会被反复考查。通过认识这些模式，你可以优先学习高产出的词汇，加快进步速度。
2. Understanding Word Categories | 理解词汇类别
To memorise efficiently, you should first classify words into functional groups. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions and connectives each play distinct roles in sentence construction. When you learn a new noun, note its gender immediately — 'le' or 'la' — as this affects articles and adjectives. For verbs, concentrate on the infinitive, the present tense 'je' form, and the past participle, since these form the basis for other tenses.
为了高效记忆，你应先将词汇按功能分类。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词和连接词在句子结构中各司其职。学习一个新名词时，要立刻记住它的阴阳性——"le" 或 "la"——因为这会影响冠词和形容词的配合。对于动词，要专注于不定式、第一人称现在时变位以及过去分词，因为它们构成其他时态的基础。
Organising vocabulary by category rather than alphabetical order mimics how the brain stores semantic information. For instance, instead of memorising isolated words like 'boulangerie', 'pain' and 'acheter', link them in a mental scenario: Je vais à la boulangerie pour acheter du pain. This narrative approach enhances recall and teaches you authentic phrase structures simultaneously.
按类别而非字母顺序整理词汇，能模拟大脑储存语义信息的方式。例如，与其孤立地记忆"boulangerie"、"pain"和"acheter"，不如将它们串联成一个心理场景：Je vais à la boulangerie pour acheter du pain. 这种叙事方式能增强记忆，并同时让你学会地道的短语结构。
3. High-Frequency Nouns | 高频名词
Certain nouns appear in almost every IGCSE French paper. These include everyday objects, family members, places in town, and food items. Start by securing the essentials: la maison (house), la famille (family), l'école (school), le travail (work), le temps (weather/time). Always learn the article with the noun. For plural forms, note that most nouns add -s, but some like le cheval → les chevaux are irregular.
某些名词几乎出现在每一份 IGCSE 法语试卷中。它们包括日常物品、家庭成员、城镇场所和食物。先从这些基础词入手：la maison（房子）、la famille（家庭）、l'école（学校）、le travail（工作）、le temps（天气/时间）。学习名词时务必同时记住冠词。关于复数形式，注意大多数名词加 -s，但有些像 le cheval 变成 les chevaux 这样是不规则的。
| French | English | 中文 |
|---|---|---|
| un ordinateur | a computer | 电脑 |
| une voiture | a car | 汽车 |
| un magasin | a shop | 商店 |
| une chambre | a bedroom | 卧室 |
| un cadeau | a gift | 礼物 |
A highly effective drill is to cover the English or Chinese column and test yourself. Repeat this daily for short bursts, gradually expanding the list with topic-specific nouns such as l'environnement (environment) or la santé (health). Consistent retrieval practice strengthens long-term memory.
一个高效的练习方法是遮住英语或中文那一栏进行自测。每天进行短时间的重复练习，逐步添加话题类名词，如l'environnement（环境）或la santé（健康）。持续的检索练习能强化长期记忆。
4. Essential Verbs for IGCSE | IGCSE 必备动词
Verbs drive the meaning of sentences. For IGCSE, you must be confident with regular -er, -ir and -re verbs, plus the key irregulars: être (to be), avoir (to have), aller (to go), faire (to do/make), pouvoir (can), vouloir (to want), devoir (must/have to), venir (to come), voir (to see), prendre (to take). Learn their present, perfect, imperfect and future stems, as these four tenses cover the majority of exam tasks.
动词驱动句子的意义。在 IGCSE 考试中，你必须熟练掌握规则 -er、-ir 和 -re 动词，以及关键的不规则动词：être（是）、avoir（有）、aller（去）、faire（做）、pouvoir（能够）、vouloir（想要）、devoir（必须）、venir（来）、voir（看见）、prendre（拿取）。学习它们的现在时、复合过去时、未完成过去时和将来时词干，因为这四种时态涵盖了大部分考题。
Instead of rote conjugation tables, use 'verb of the week' focus: pick one verb and create six to eight personal sentences with it, varying the subject and tense. For example, with sortir (to go out): Je sors avec mes amis. Hier, je suis sorti(e) tard. Quand j'étais petit, je sortais peu. This contextual learning embeds the forms naturally.
与其死记硬背变位表，不如尝试“每周一个动词”重点学习法：选一个动词，用它造六到八个个人化句子，变换主语和时态。例如，使用sortir：Je sors avec mes amis. Hier, je suis sorti(e) tard. Quand j'étais petit, je sortais peu. 这种语境学习能自然地内化变位形式。
Pay special attention to verbs that require prepositions, such as commencer à (to start to), aider à (to help to), décider de (to decide to). Mistakes with these are very common in IGCSE writing. Make a dedicated list and test yourself both ways — from French to English and from English to French.
要特别注意那些要求搭配介词的动词，如 commencer à（开始）、aider à（帮助）、décider de（决定）。在 IGCSE 写作中，这方面的错误非常普遍。制作一个专门的列表，进行双向自测——从法语到英语，再从英语到法语。
5. Adjectives to Impress | 加分形容词
Adjectives add detail and colour to your language, and using a range of them can raise your mark in writing and speaking. Basic adjectives like grand/petit (big/small), bon/mauvais (good/bad), intéressant/ennuyeux (interesting/boring) are essential. Move beyond these with more expressive options: formidable (wonderful), affreux (dreadful), magnifique (magnificent), délicieux (delicious), confortable (comfortable), dangereux (dangerous).
形容词能为语言增添细节和色彩，使用多样的形容词可以提升写作和口语的分数。基本形容词如 grand/petit（大/小）、bon/mauvais（好/坏）、intéressant/ennuyeux（有趣的/无聊的）是必备的。更进一步，要学会使用表现力更强的词：formidable（精彩的）、affreux（可怕的）、magnifique（壮丽的）、délicieux（美味的）、confortable（舒适的）、dangereux（危险的）。
Remember that most French adjectives go after the noun, but a small group (often remembered by the acronym BAGS: Beauty, Age, Goodness, Size) precede it — une belle maison, un vieil ami, une bonne idée, une grande ville. Agreement in gender and number is vital: add -e for feminine, -s for plural, and -es for feminine plural where applicable.
记住，大多数法语形容词放在名词之后，但有一小部分（常以 BAGS 口诀记忆：Beauty 美、Age 年龄、Goodness 好、Size 大小）要放在名词之前——une belle maison, un vieil ami, une bonne idée, une grande ville。性数配合至关重要：阴性加 -e，复数加 -s，适用的地方阴性复数加 -es。
To make your adjective use more sophisticated, learn common comparative and superlative structures: plus...que (more...than), moins...que (less...than), le/la/les plus... (the most...). For example, Ce film est plus intéressant que le livre. C'est la plus belle plage de la région.
为了让形容词运用更加老练，要学会常用的比较级和最高级结构：plus...que（比…更）、moins...que（不如…）、le/la/les plus...（最…）。例如，Ce film est plus intéressant que le livre. C'est la plus belle plage de la région.
6. Prepositions and Connectors | 介词与连接词
Small function words often cause big problems for IGCSE learners. Prepositions like à, de, en, dans, sur, sous, entre, devant, derrière must be used accurately with places and times. For example, 'in summer' is en été but 'in July' is en juillet, while 'in Paris' is à Paris. Knowing these patterns prevents fossilised errors.
小小的功能词常常给 IGCSE 学习者带来大麻烦。像 à, de, en, dans, sur, sous, entre, devant, derrière 这样的介词，必须在地点和时间表达中准确使用。例如，“在夏天”是 en été，“在七月”是 en juillet，而“在巴黎”是 à Paris。熟悉这些用法能避免石化错误。
Connectives are the glue of discursive writing. To score highly, you need to link ideas with words like cependant (however), de plus (moreover), en plus (besides), par contre (on the other hand), c'est-à-dire (that is to say), donc (therefore), pourtant (yet), ainsi (thus). Using a range of these demonstrates structural control and allows you to build complex arguments.
连接词是议论性写作的胶水。为了获得高分，你需要用这些词来连接观点：cependant（然而）、de plus（此外）、en plus（而且）、par contre（另一方面）、c'est-à-dire（也就是说）、donc（因此）、pourtant（可是）、ainsi（如此）。运用多样的连接词能体现结构驾驭能力，并帮助你构建复杂论证。
A useful activity is to take a simple paragraph written only with 'et' and 'mais', and rewrite it using five different connectives. Compare your version with a model answer. This trains you to think logically in French.
一个有用的练习是，拿一段只用 "et" 和 "mais" 写成的简单段落，用五个不同的连接词重写它。将你的版本与模范答案比较。这能训练你用法语进行逻辑思考。
7. Time Expressions and Adverbs | 时间表达与副词
To narrate events and describe routines, you must handle a range of time expressions. Absolute markers include hier (yesterday), aujourd'hui (today), demain (tomorrow), le week-end dernier/prochain (last/next weekend), la semaine dernière/prochaine (last/next week). Frequency adverbs — toujours (always), souvent (often), parfois (sometimes), rarement (rarely), ne...jamais (never) — are indispensable for speaking exams.
要叙述事件并描述日常活动，你得掌握一系列时间表达。绝对时间标记包括 hier（昨天）、aujourd'hui（今天）、demain（明天）、le week-end dernier/prochain（上个/下个周末）、la semaine dernière/prochaine（上周/下周）。频率副词——toujours（总是）、souvent（经常）、parfois（有时）、rarement（很少）、ne...jamais（从不）——对于口语考试是必不可少的。
Adverbs of manner can dramatically improve your written French. Words like lentement (slowly), rapidement (quickly), facilement (easily), malheureusement (unfortunately), vraiment (truly), absolument (absolutely) add nuance. Most adverbs are formed by adding -ment to the feminine form of the adjective: lent → lente → lentement. Careful with irregulars like gentiment (kindly) from gentil.
方式副词能显著提高你的书面法语水平。像 lentement（慢地）、rapidement（快地）、facilement（容易地）、malheureusement（不幸地）、vraiment（真正地）、absolument（绝对地）这些词能增添细微意义。大多数副词由形容词的阴性形式加 -ment 构成：lent → lente → lentement。注意不规则形式，如 gentil 变成 gentiment（亲切地）。
A practical drill is to keep a daily diary in French, writing three sentences about what you did, using a different time expression and adverb each day. This personalises the vocabulary and transfers it to your active memory.
一个实用的练习是每天用法语写日记，写三个关于你当天活动的句子，每天使用不同的时间表达和副词。这能将词汇个人化，并将其转移到你的主动记忆中。
8. Themed Vocabulary: Home and Family | 主题词汇：家庭与家居
The 'Home and Family' topic is perennially tested. You need to describe your house, rooms, furniture, household chores, and family relationships. Core terms: la cuisine (kitchen), la salle de bains (bathroom), le salon (living room), un étage (a floor/storey), un jardin (a garden), faire le ménage (to do housework), ranger (to tidy), s'entendre bien avec (to get on well with).
"家庭与家居"话题是常年必考。你需要描述房屋、房间、家具、家务以及家庭关系。核心词汇：la cuisine（厨房）、la salle de bains（浴室）、le salon（客厅）、un étage（楼层）、un jardin（花园）、faire le ménage（做家务）、ranger（整理）、s'entendre bien avec（与…相处融洽）。
When talking about family, you should be able to give names, ages, and personalities. Useful adjectives: sympa (nice), sévère (strict), drôle (funny), sportif/sportive (sporty), bavard/bavarde (talkative). Learn to say Mon père s'appelle... Il a 45 ans. Il est assez sévère mais très gentil. The possessive adjectives mon/ma/mes, ton/ta/tes, son/sa/ses must agree with the noun, not the owner.
谈论家庭时，你应该能够说出名字、年龄和性格。有用的形容词：sympa（友善的）、sévère（严格的）、drôle（滑稽的）、sportif/sportive（热爱运动的）、bavard/bavarde（话多的）。学会说 Mon père s'appelle... Il a 45 ans. Il est assez sévère mais très gentil. 主有形容词 mon/ma/mes、ton/ta/tes、son/sa/ses 必须与名词配合，而不是与所有者配合。
Create a labelled floor plan of your home with French vocabulary. This visual association strengthens memory. Role-play a conversation where a guest asks about your house and family; record it and listen back for fluency and accuracy.
画一个带法语词汇标注的房屋平面图。这种视觉联想能增强记忆。角色扮演一段对话，客人询问你的房子和家人；录下来回听，检查流利度和准确性。
9. Themed Vocabulary: School and Education | 主题词汇：学校与教育
School life is a dominant theme at IGCSE. You must discuss subjects, timetable, uniform, teachers, rules, and future plans. Essential nouns: une matière (subject), un emploi du temps (timetable), un uniforme (uniform), un cours (a lesson), la récréation (break), les devoirs (homework), la rentrée (the start of the school year).
学校生活是 IGCSE 的核心主题。你必须讨论科目、课程表、校服、老师、校规和未来计划。基本名词：une matière（科目）、un emploi du temps（课程表）、un uniforme（校服）、un cours（一节课）、la récréation（课间休息）、les devoirs（作业）、la rentrée（开学）。
Opinion phrases are critical here: Je préfère les sciences (I prefer sciences), Je suis fort(e) en français (I am good at French), Je trouve les maths difficiles (I find maths difficult), Mon prof principal est... (My form tutor is...). Use car/parce que to justify opinions, as examiners reward extended responses.
此处表达观点的短语很关键：Je préfère les sciences（我更喜欢理科）、Je suis fort(e) en français（我擅长法语）、Je trouve les maths difficiles（我觉得数学难）、Mon prof principal est...（我的班主任是…）。用 car/parce que 来论证观点，因为考官会给有展开的答案加分。
To memorise this set, design your ideal school timetable in French, writing out your opinions for each subject. This engages your personal interests and moves vocabulary from passive to active recall.
为记住这组词汇，用法语设计一张你理想的课程表，并为每个科目写下你的看法。这能调动你的个人兴趣，将词汇从被动转化为主动回忆。
10. Themed Vocabulary: Leisure and Travel | 主题词汇：休闲与旅行
Leisure, holidays and travel provide rich opportunities to display vocabulary range. You need to talk about sports, hobbies, music, cinema, and holiday activities. Key items: faire du sport (to do sport), jouer au foot/tennis (play football/tennis), écouter de la musique (listen to music), regarder un film (watch a film), aller au parc (go to the park), faire une promenade (go for a walk), partir en vacances (go on holiday).
休闲、假期和旅行为展示词汇广度提供了丰富机会。你需要谈论运动、爱好、音乐、电影以及度假活动。关键词项：faire du sport（做运动）、jouer au foot/tennis（踢足球/打网球）、écouter de la musique（听音乐）、regarder un film（看电影）、aller au parc（去公园）、faire une promenade（散步）、partir en vacances（去度假）。
For travel, master transport vocabulary: en avion, en train, en bus, en voiture, à pied. Accommodation: un hôtel, une auberge de jeunesse, un gîte. Describe weather using impersonals: Il fait beau/mauvais, il pleut, il neige, il y a du vent. Combine these in a past holiday narration: L'été dernier, je suis allé(e) à Nice en train. Il faisait très chaud. Nous avons logé dans un hôtel confortable près de la plage.
对于旅行，要掌握交通词汇：en avion, en train, en bus, en voiture, à pied（乘飞机、火车、公交、汽车、步行）。住宿：un hôtel, une auberge de jeunesse, un gîte（酒店、青年旅舍、乡间度假屋）。用无人称结构描述天气：Il fait beau/mauvais, il pleut, il neige, il y a du vent（天气好/坏、下雨、下雪、有风）。将这些用在一次过去的假期叙述中：L'été dernier, je suis allé(e) à Nice en train. Il faisait très chaud. Nous avons logé dans un hôtel confortable près de la plage.
11. Effective Memorisation Techniques | 有效记忆技巧
Rote repetition alone rarely leads to long-term retention. Instead, adopt active recall and spaced repetition. Use flashcards (physical or apps like Anki) with the French word on one side and the English (or a picture) on the other. Test yourself in both directions and schedule reviews at increasing intervals. This method exploits the spacing effect, which has been proven to move vocabulary into long-term memory with less overall study time.
单纯的机械重复很少能带来长期记忆。相反，应采用主动回忆和间隔重复。使用抽认卡（实体卡片或 Anki 等应用），一面写法语词，另一面写英语（或图片）。双向自测，并按逐步递增的间隔安排复习。这种方法利用间隔效应，已被证明能用更少的总学习时间将词汇转入长期记忆。
Another powerful technique is the keyword mnemonic: for a new French word, find a similar-sounding word in your native language and create a vivid mental image linking the two. For example, the French poubelle (bin) sounds a bit like 'poo-bell' — imagine ringing a bell and a bin appears. The more absurd the image, the stronger the memory. This works especially well for concrete nouns.
另一种强大的技巧是关键词记忆法：对于一个新法语词，找一个母语中发音相似的词，并创造一个生动的心理图像将两者联系起来。例如，法语 poubelle（垃圾桶）听起来有点像“普洱bell”——想象一按铃，一个垃圾桶就出现了。图像越荒诞，记忆越深刻。这尤其适用于具体名词。
Finally, maximise exposure. Listen to French music, watch short clips with French subtitles, and label objects around your house with Post-it notes. This 'input flood' trains your ear and makes vocabulary feel familiar. Short daily sessions are far more effective than cramming once a week.
最后，最大化语言接触。听法语歌，看带法语字幕的短片，用便利贴标注家里物品。这种“输入洪流”能训练听力，让词汇变得熟悉。每天短时间学习远比每周一次突击有效。
12. Common Pitfalls and False Friends | 常见陷阱与假朋友
IGCSE candidates frequently lose marks due to false friends — words that look similar in English and French but have different meanings. Classic traps include: actuellement (currently, not 'actually'), librairie (bookshop, not 'library'), monnaie (change/currency, not 'money' exactly — money is argent), location (rental, not 'location'), éventuellement (possibly, not 'eventually'), car (because or coach, not 'car'). Make a dedicated false-friends list and review it weekly.
IGCSE 考生常常因假朋友丢分——那些在英语和法语中看起来相似但含义不同的词。典型陷阱有：actuellement（目前，而不是“实际上”）、librairie（书店，而不是“图书馆”）、monnaie（零钱/货币，不完全等于“钱”——钱是 argent）、location（租赁，而不是“位置”）、éventuellement（可能，而不是“最终”）、car（因为，或大客车，而不是“小汽车”）。制作一份专门的假朋友清单，每周复习。
Another pitfall is gender confusion. Students often forget the gender of common nouns, leading to errors in articles and adjective agreements. Use colour-coding when taking notes: blue for masculine, pink for feminine. Always write the article: le problème (masc., despite ending in -e), la main (fem.), la mer (sea, fem.). Treat the article as an inseparable part of the word.
另一个陷阱是名词阴阳性混淆。学生们常忘记常用名词的性别，导致冠词和形容词配合错误。做笔记时使用颜色编码：阳性用蓝色，阴性用粉色。始终写出冠词：le problème（阳性，尽管以 -e 结尾）、la main（手，阴性）、la mer（海，阴性）。要把冠词当作单词不可分割的一部分。
Pronunciation pitfalls also affect listening and speaking performance. Words like plus (more/no more) change pronunciation depending on meaning; tous (all) is pronounced with a final 's' when used as a pronoun. Practice listening to authentic audio regularly and shadow the speaker to internalise sound patterns.
发音
Published by TutorHao | IGCSE 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图