📚 IGCSE WJEC Geography: Key Terms Fast-Track | IGCSE WJEC 地理：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering the extensive terminology in IGCSE WJEC Geography can feel overwhelming, but with the right memorisation strategies, you can recall definitions quickly and accurately under exam pressure. This guide breaks down core vocabulary into manageable sections, pairing each term with a simple memory trick. We cover physical landscapes, weather, ecosystems, urbanisation, development, resource issues and map skills – everything you need to build your geographical vocabulary fast.
掌握 IGCSE WJEC 地理中大量的术语可能会让人感到吃力，但运用正确的记忆策略，你就能在考试压力下快速且准确地回想定义。本指南将核心词汇拆分成易于消化的小节，并为每个术语搭配简单的记忆窍门。内容涵盖自然景观、天气、生态系统、城市化、发展问题、资源话题以及地图技能——助你快速构建地理词汇库。
1. Physical Geography Core Terms | 自然地理核心术语
These fundamental processes appear across rivers, coasts and slopes. Understanding them is your first step to tackling physical geography questions with confidence.
这些基本过程出现在河流、海岸和坡地中。理解它们是自信解答自然地理题目的第一步。
- Erosion (侵蚀)
The wearing away and removal of rocks and soil by natural forces such as waves, rivers, wind and ice.
岩石和土壤被波浪、河流、风、冰等自然力量磨损并搬走的过程。
Memory Tip: Think of the word 'erase' – erosion erases material from the land.
记忆窍门: 把“侵蚀”拆成“侵”入和“蚀”刻，就像水用刀雕刻大地。
- Weathering (风化)
The breakdown of rocks in situ (without movement) through physical, chemical or biological processes.
岩石在原位（不移动）通过物理、化学或生物作用而发生破碎分解的过程。
Memory Tip: 'Weathering' sounds like 'wearing' but stays in place – weather attacks but cannot carry away.
记忆窍门: “风化”可联想成“风吹雨打而不走”，只碎裂，不搬运。
- Mass Movement (块体运动)
The downhill movement of soil and rock material under the influence of gravity, often triggered by heavy rain.
在重力作用下，土壤和岩石物质沿坡面向下移动的过程，常由暴雨引发。
Memory Tip: 'Mass' moves – imagine a massive mudslide racing downslope.
记忆窍门: 想像一大块巧克力泥(块体)滑下斜坡，帮你记住重力搬运。
- Deposition (堆积/沉积)
The dropping of transported material when the energy of the transporting agent (water, wind, ice) decreases.
当搬运介质（水、风、冰）的能量减弱时，被搬运的物质发生沉降的过程。
Memory Tip: 'Deposit' – you deposit money when you stop spending; rivers drop sediment when they lose energy.
记忆窍门: “堆积”如同你往银行里“存款”，河流没劲儿了就“放下”泥沙。
- Transportation (搬运/运输)
The movement of eroded material by rivers, waves, wind or glaciers. In rivers, this includes traction, saltation, suspension and solution.
被侵蚀的物质通过河流、波浪、风或冰川搬运的过程。在河流中包括推移、跃移、悬移和溶移。
Memory Tip: Use the acronym 'TSSS' – Traction, Saltation, Suspension, Solution – to remember river transport types.
记忆窍门: 用首字记忆“推、跃、悬、溶”(推跃悬溶)，记下河流四种搬运方式。
2. Coastal Landform Key Words | 海岸地貌关键术语
WJEC papers often ask you to explain the formation of coastal features. These terms are the building blocks for those extended answers.
WJEC 考卷经常要求解释海岸地貌的形成。这些术语就是作答长问答的基石。
- Hydraulic Action (水力作用)
The sheer force of waves compressing air into cracks in rocks, causing them to weaken and break apart.
波浪的巨大力量将空气压入岩石裂缝，导致岩石减弱并破碎的过程。
Memory Tip: 'Hydra' means water – imagine a water hammer smashing the cliff.
记忆窍门: “水力”让你想到液压锤，水像铁锤一样砸向悬崖。
- Abrasion (Corrasion) (磨蚀)
Waves armed with rock particles scrape and grind against the cliff base, wearing it away like sandpaper.
携带岩石碎屑的海浪像砂纸一样刮磨悬崖底部，使其逐渐被侵蚀。
Memory Tip: Think 'abrasive' – the wave is abrasive because it throws pebbles at the rock.
记忆窍门: “磨蚀”里有个“磨”字，就像用磨砂纸打磨木头。
- Attrition (磨耗/磨损)
Rocks and pebbles carried by waves collide with each other, becoming smaller, rounder and smoother over time.
被海浪搬运的岩石和卵石相互碰撞，随时间推移变小、变圆、变光滑的过程。
Memory Tip: 'Attrition' sounds like 'a-trillion' hits – particles bash into each other repeatedly.
记忆窍门: “磨损”就是互相“磨”来“损”去，卵石彼此撞成小圆片。
- Solution (Corrosion) (溶蚀)
The chemical dissolution of soluble rocks (e.g. limestone) by slightly acidic seawater.
微酸性海水对可溶性岩石（如石灰岩）发生化学溶解的过程。
Memory Tip: 'Solution' literally dissolves – think of sugar disappearing in water.
记忆窍门: “溶蚀”有“溶”，石头像盐一样在水中化掉。
- Longshore Drift (沿岸漂移)
The zigzag movement of sediment along a coastline, caused by waves hitting the shore at an angle and receding perpendicular to the beach.
沉积物沿海岸呈锯齿状移动的过程，由波浪以斜角冲击海岸并垂直回流引起。
Memory Tip: Draw a beach and arrows – transport moves in one dominant direction; remember 'swash up, backwash down'.
记忆窍门: 画一个海滩和锯齿形箭头，记住“冲流斜上，回流直下”。
- Spit (沙嘴)
A narrow ridge of sand or shingle extending from the shore into the sea, formed by longshore drift and deposition.
由沿岸漂移和沉积作用形成的，从海岸向海中延伸的狭长沙砾脊。
Memory Tip: A spit 'spits' out into the sea – imagine a finger of land pointing away from the coast.
记忆窍门: “沙嘴”像海吐出的舌头，从陆地伸向海洋。
- Bar (沙坝)
A spit that has grown across a bay, joining two headlands and forming a lagoon behind it.
沙嘴跨过海湾生长，连接两个岬角，并在其后形成泻湖的地貌。
Memory Tip: A bar 'bars' the entrance to a bay – think of a barrier across a cove.
记忆窍门: “沙坝”像一道栏杆拦住海湾，形成天然的围栏。
3. River Processes and Landforms | 河流过程与地貌
River landscapes are a core topic. Knowing these terms will help you describe the formation of valleys, waterfalls and floodplains with precision.
河流景观是核心主题。掌握这些术语能帮助你精确描述河谷、瀑布和泛滥平原的形成。
- Meander (曲流/河曲)
A pronounced bend in a river’s course, formed by erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank.
河道中明显的弯曲段，由凹岸侵蚀、凸岸堆积形成。
Memory Tip: 'Meander' sounds like 'meander' (wander) – rivers loaf around in loops.
记忆窍门: “曲流”就像河流在散步“曲”曲折折，慢悠悠绕弯。
- Oxbow Lake (牛轭湖)
A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander is cut off from the main river by deposition and neck narrowing.
当河曲颈被沉积作用截断，与主河道分离后形成的弯月形湖泊。
Memory Tip: Think of an oxbow – the U-shaped collar used on oxen. The lake looks like that collar left behind.
记忆窍门: “牛轭”是套在牛脖子上的U形木架，湖泊的形状正是如此。
- Waterfall (瀑布)
A sudden vertical drop in a river’s course, often occurring where a band of hard rock lies over softer rock, causing differential erosion.
河道中陡然垂直下落之处，常出现在硬岩层覆盖软岩层、差异侵蚀显著的地点。
Memory Tip: Visualise water 'falling' over a step – soft rock erodes, undercutting the hard cap rock.
记忆窍门: 想象水流跨过台阶，软岩被掏空，硬岩悬空后崩落。
- Flood Plain (泛滥平原)
The flat area of land alongside a river, formed by repeated flooding and deposition of alluvium over many years.
河流两侧的平坦区域，由多年反复的洪水和泥沙淤积形成。
Memory Tip: 'Flood' plain – it is the plain that gets covered when the river floods, leaving fertile silt.
记忆窍门: “泛滥平原”即河水“泛滥”时淹没的“平原”，留下肥沃淤泥。
- Levee (天然堤)
A raised bank along the river channel, built up by deposition during floods when larger sediment is dropped first at the edges.
沿河道的加高河岸，由洪水期较粗沉积物首先在河缘堆积而形成。
Memory Tip: Think of a levy (tax) that builds up extra height – levees build up the bank naturally.
记忆窍门: “天然堤”像税收(levy)一样层层叠高，由泥沙堆出岸堤。
4. Weather and Climate Essentials | 天气与气候必备词汇
Distinguish between weather and climate, and learn the key rainfall types. These terms are frequently tested in data-response questions.
区分天气与气候，掌握关键的降雨类型。这些术语常在数据分析题中出现。
- Weather (天气)
The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere, including temperature, precipitation, wind speed and humidity at a specific place and time.
特定时间和地点的大气状况，包括温度、降水、风速和湿度等的逐日变化。
Memory Tip: 'Weather' changes like your mood – it is short-term.
记忆窍门: “天气”像个善变的人，一天一个样，是短期状态。
- Climate (气候)
The average weather conditions of a region measured over a long period, typically 30 years.
一个地区长期（通常30年）的平均天气状况。
Memory Tip: 'Climate' is what you expect; weather is what you get.
记忆窍门: “气候”是你预期的平均值，天气是实际遇上的。
- Relief Rainfall (地形雨)
Rainfall caused when moist air is forced to rise over hills or mountains, cools and condenses on the windward side.
潮湿空气被迫沿山坡爬升、冷却凝结，在迎风坡形成的降雨。
Memory Tip: Relief means hills – air is 'relieved' of its moisture over the high ground.
记忆窍门: “地形”提醒你山丘地势，空气爬坡时“释放”水分。
- Frontal Rainfall (锋面雨)
Rain formed when a warm air mass meets a cold air mass; the lighter warm air is forced to rise over the denser cold air, cooling and
Published by TutorHao | IGCSE Geography Revision Series | aleveler.com
广告 / Sponsored剑桥国际课程IGCSE地理 0460科目考试 Cambridge IGCSE and O Level Geograph…地理 备考教辅 · 正版现货 · 与本文内容相关查看详情 / View on Taobao更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
备考资讯每日更新，关注不错过考纲变化 · 科目分析 · 学习方法
在微信里长按二维码识别关注
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图公众号：tutorhao