📚 Sapienza University of Rome: History, Academics and Student Life | 罗马萨皮恩扎大学：历史、学术与学生生活
Sapienza University of Rome - in Italian, Sapienza Università di Roma - is the oldest and largest university in Italy and one of the biggest in Europe. Sitting in the capital city, it blends seven centuries of tradition with a modern, research-driven outlook. For applicants from outside Italy, it is also one of the most accessible, diverse and affordable destinations on the continent.
罗马萨皮恩扎大学（Sapienza Università di Roma）是意大利历史最悠久、规模最大的高等学府，同时也是欧洲规模最大的大学之一。它坐落在首都罗马，把七百多年的传统与面向现代的研究型定位融为一体。对于来自意大利境外的申请者来说，它同样是欧洲大陆上最具可及性、最多元、也最负担得起的求学目的地之一。
1. Overview of the University | 学校概况
Sapienza is a public state university with a student body of roughly 100,000, which places it among the largest universities in Europe. Its teaching and research are distributed across faculties and around sixty departments, covering almost every discipline a student could want to study: medicine, engineering, architecture, economics, law, political science, humanities, psychology, pharmacy, mathematics, physics and the natural sciences.
萨皮恩扎大学是一所公立大学，在校学生规模约十万人，这使它跻身欧洲规模最大的高校之列。学校的教学与科研分布在多个学院和约六十个系之中，几乎覆盖了学生可能想读的所有学科：医学、工程、建筑、经济、法律、政治学、人文、心理学、药学、数学、物理与自然科学。
Because it is public, tuition is income-linked rather than fixed, and the university offers a wide portfolio of need-based waivers and scholarships. That combination of scale, breadth and cost makes Sapienza a realistic target for strong students from the UK, China and elsewhere who want a European degree without the price tag of a private institution.
由于是公立大学，它的学费与家庭收入挂钩而非固定金额，学校也提供种类丰富的助学减免与奖学金。规模、学科广度与费用三者的结合，使萨皮恩扎成为英国、中国等地优秀学生切实可行的选择——用远低于私立院校的花费，拿到一个欧洲学位。
- Founded: 1303, as the Studium Urbis
建校时间：1303 年，初名 Studium Urbis - Type: Public state university
学校类型：公立国立大学 - Location: Rome, Italy, with several satellite campuses
所在地：意大利罗马，另设多个分校区 - Students: approximately 100,000
学生规模：约十万人 - Language of instruction: mainly Italian, with a growing number of English-taught programmes
授课语言：以意大利语为主，英语授课项目数量持续增加
2. History: From 1303 to the Present Day | 历史沿革：从 1303 年至今
The university traces its origin to 1303, when Pope Boniface VIII issued a papal bull establishing the Studium Urbis, literally the "school of the city" of Rome. Its original purpose was the education of clergy and of the administrators who served the papal court, which is why theology, law and the liberal arts dominated its earliest curriculum.
学校的历史可以上溯至 1303 年。当时教宗博尼法斯八世颁布诏书，创立了 Studium Urbis，字面意思即"罗马城之学府"。它最初的职能是为神职人员以及服务于教廷的行政官员提供教育，因此神学、法律与博雅学科构成了最早的课程主体。
Over the following centuries the institution was repeatedly reformed and enlarged. Pope Eugene IV reorganised it in 1431 and increased its funding; Pope Leo X, of the Medici family, restructured it again in 1513 and widened its teaching. In the seventeenth century the Studium moved into the Palazzo della Sapienza, close to the church of Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, and it is from this building - "sapienza" meaning wisdom - that the university takes its familiar name.
此后数百年间，这所机构屡经改革与扩充。教宗尤金四世于 1431 年重组学校并增加拨款；出身美第奇家族的教宗利奥十世又在 1513 年再度改组，拓宽了教学内容。十七世纪时，Studium 迁入萨皮恩扎宫，紧邻圣依华堂，"sapienza"意为"智慧"，大学如今广为人知的名字正源于这座建筑。
After Rome became the capital of a unified Italy in 1870, the university was reorganised as a modern state institution. In 1935 it moved to the purpose-built Città Universitaria, a large campus on Piazzale Aldo Moro designed by Marcello Piacentini and a team of architects. That campus remains the heart of Sapienza today.
1870 年罗马成为统一后的意大利首都之后，学校被改组为现代国立大学。1935 年，它迁入专门兴建的大学城（Città Universitaria）——位于阿尔多·莫罗广场的一片大型校区，由马尔切洛·皮亚琴蒂尼及一批建筑师共同设计。这片校区至今仍是萨皮恩扎的核心。
- 1303 - Studium Urbis founded by papal bull
1303 年——教宗诏书创立 Studium Urbis - 1431 and 1513 - reforms under Eugene IV and Leo X
1431 年与 1513 年——尤金四世与利奥十世时期的两轮改革 - 17th century - move to the Palazzo della Sapienza; the name "Sapienza" takes hold
十七世纪——迁入萨皮恩扎宫，"Sapienza"之名由此确立 - 1870 - becomes a state university of the Kingdom of Italy
1870 年——成为意大利王国的国立大学 - 1935 - relocation to the Città Universitaria
1935 年——迁入大学城校区
3. Academic Structure and Disciplines | 学院架构与学科门类
Sapienza is a comprehensive university rather than a specialist one, which is one of its main attractions. A student can move from archaeology to aerospace engineering within the same institution, and cross-disciplinary work between medicine, physics, data science and the humanities is actively encouraged.
萨皮恩扎是一所综合性大学，而非专科院校，这正是它最主要的吸引力之一。学生可以在同一所大学内从考古学跨到航空航天工程，而医学、物理、数据科学与人文之间的跨学科协作也受到积极鼓励。
Teaching is organised through faculties and departments. The largest concentrations of students are in medicine and surgery, engineering, economics and law, while the humanities and the sciences carry the university's strongest international research reputation.
教学通过学院与系两级组织。学生人数最集中的是医学与外科学、工程、经济与法律，而人文与自然科学则承担着学校最强的国际科研声誉。
| Broad area | 学科大类 | Typical fields | 代表领域 |
| Medicine and health | 医学与健康 | Medicine and surgery, dentistry, pharmacy, nursing, psychology | 医学与外科学、牙科、药学、护理、心理学 |
| Engineering and technology | 工程与技术 | Civil, mechanical, aerospace, electronic, computer engineering | 土木、机械、航空、电子、计算机工程 |
| Sciences | 自然科学 | Mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, statistics | 数学、物理、化学、生物、地质、统计 |
| Humanities and social sciences | 人文与社会科学 | Classics, archaeology, history, philosophy, literature, law, economics, political science | 古典学、考古、历史、哲学、文学、法律、经济、政治学 |
| Architecture and design | 建筑与设计 | Architecture, urban planning, industrial design | 建筑、城市规划、工业设计 |
4. Reputation and Rankings | 学术声誉与排名
Sapienza is consistently ranked among the leading universities in Italy and appears in the upper reaches of the major global league tables. In recent editions of the QS World University Rankings it has typically been placed around the global top 150, and it is regularly the highest-placed Italian institution in several subject rankings.
萨皮恩扎长期稳居意大利顶尖高校之列，并在各大全球排行榜中处于靠前位置。在近几年的 QS 世界大学排名中，它通常位列世界前 150 名上下，并在多个学科排名中经常是位次最高的意大利高校。
Its strongest international reputation lies in classics, archaeology, history and the physical sciences, fields in which its staff publish with partners across Europe and beyond. Medicine and engineering, meanwhile, are the areas that attract the largest number of domestic applicants and where entry competition is fiercest.
它在国际上声誉最强的领域是古典学、考古学、历史学与物理科学，这些学科的教师与欧洲及世界各地的伙伴频繁合作发表成果。而医学与工程则是吸引最多本国申请者、入学竞争也最激烈的领域。
Rankings should be read with care. They measure research output, citations and reputation rather than the quality of teaching in a particular classroom, and they vary year to year. For a prospective student, the more useful question is whether a specific department matches your interests - and here Sapienza's breadth means the answer is often yes.
看待排名需要谨慎。它们衡量的是科研产出、引用与声誉，而不是某一间教室里的教学质量，且每年都会浮动。对应届申请者而言，更有用的问题是某个具体的系是否与你的兴趣契合——在这一点上，萨皮恩扎的学科广度往往能给出肯定的答案。
5. Faculty and Research Strength | 师资与科研实力
Sapienza brings together a large faculty that includes internationally recognised scholars and scientists. Historically, the university has been associated with figures such as the physicist Enrico Fermi and the group of young researchers around him in the 1930s, as well as generations of mathematicians, physicians, jurists and philologists who shaped Italian intellectual life.
萨皮恩扎汇聚了一支规模庞大的师资队伍，其中不乏国际知名的学者与科学家。从历史上看，这所大学与物理学家恩里科·费米以及二十世纪三十年代围绕他形成的青年研究群体联系在一起，也同一代又一代塑造了意大利思想生活的数学家、医学家、法学家与语文学家相关联。
Today the research agenda is broad and well funded by European and national programmes. Staff collaborate with partners around the world on frontier topics and innovation projects, and the university participates in large collaborative networks spanning physics, biomedicine, environmental science, artificial intelligence and cultural heritage.
如今，这里的研究议程十分宽广，并获得欧洲与意大利国家级项目的充足资助。教师与全球伙伴围绕前沿课题与创新项目开展协作，学校也参与到横跨物理、生物医学、环境科学、人工智能与文化遗产的大型合作网络之中。
For undergraduates, the practical benefit is direct contact with active researchers. Laboratory work, thesis supervision and seminar teaching are frequently delivered by people who are themselves publishing in the field, which gives students an early view of how knowledge is actually produced.
对本科生而言，最实际的好处是能直接接触到活跃在一线的研究者。实验课、论文指导与研讨课常常由本领域正在发表成果的教师承担，这让学生能提早看到知识究竟是如何被生产出来的。
6. Programmes and Teaching | 课程体系与教学
Sapienza offers a rich and varied portfolio of programmes, which opens wide space for students' academic development. The Italian system follows the Bologna structure, so degrees are comparable with those across Europe and credits transfer easily.
萨皮恩扎提供丰富多元的课程体系，为学生的学术发展打开了广阔空间。其学制遵循博洛尼亚进程框架，因此学位与欧洲各国可比，学分也便于转换。
| Degree | 学位类型 | Duration | 学制 | Notes | 说明 |
| Laurea (bachelor) | 学士 | 3 years | 3 年 | 180 ECTS credits | 180 个 ECTS 学分 |
| Laurea Magistrale (master) | 硕士 | 2 years | 2 年 | 120 ECTS credits | 120 个 ECTS 学分 |
| Single-cycle degree | 本硕连读 | 5-6 years | 5 至 6 年 | Medicine, dentistry, architecture, law | 医学、牙科、建筑、法律 |
| Dottorato di Ricerca (PhD) | 博士 | 3 years and above | 3 年及以上 | Research-based, often with funding | 以研究为主，通常有资助 |
A growing number of master's programmes are taught entirely in English, which means students can begin studying at Sapienza before reaching a high level of Italian. Bachelor's degrees, however, remain predominantly Italian-taught, so language preparation matters if you plan to enter at first-year level.
越来越多的硕士项目采用全英文授课，这意味着学生不必等到意大利语达到高水平就能入读萨皮恩扎。但本科阶段仍以意大利语授课为主，因此若你打算从大一开始读起，语言准备就相当重要。
7. Campus and Facilities | 校园与设施
The campus environment is attractive and the facilities are modern, creating ideal conditions for study and daily life. The main Città Universitaria is a green, self-contained area with lecture halls, department buildings, a canteen, sports facilities and open lawns where students gather between classes.
校园环境优美，设施现代，为学习与生活创造了理想条件。主校区大学城是一片绿意盎然、功能自成一体的大区，内有阶梯教室、各系大楼、食堂、体育设施，以及课间学生聚集的开阔草坪。
Sapienza is not confined to one site. Teaching and clinical activity spread across the city and the region: the Policlinico Umberto I hospital serves medicine and dentistry, the San Pietro in Vincoli area hosts engineering, and further campuses operate in Latina, Rieti, Civitavecchia and other locations.
萨皮恩扎并不局限于单一校区。教学活动与临床活动散布于罗马城及周边地区：翁贝托一世综合医院承担医学与牙科的教学与临床工作，圣彼得镣铐区一带设有工程学相关院系，另有分校分布于拉蒂纳、列蒂、奇维塔韦基亚等地。
- Main campus: Città Universitaria, Piazzale Aldo Moro
主校区：阿尔多·莫罗广场大学城 - Clinical teaching: Policlinico Umberto I
临床教学：翁贝托一世综合医院 - Sports: university sports centre with a wide range of activities
体育：大学体育中心，项目种类丰富 - Student housing: halls of residence plus private rental across the city
学生住宿：校内宿舍，以及全市范围内的私人租房
8. Libraries, Laboratories and Research Centres | 图书馆、实验室与研究中心
The university operates multiple libraries, laboratories and research centres, providing solid resources for teaching staff and students alike. The library network numbers several dozen sites, from large central reading rooms to small departmental collections, and includes historic holdings such as the Biblioteca Alessandrina.
大学设有多座图书馆、实验室与研究中心，为师生的学习与科研提供了坚实的资源保障。图书馆网络包含数十个馆点，从大型中心阅览室到各系的小型专藏，其中还包括亚历山德里娜图书馆这样的历史馆藏。
Laboratories range from wet labs for chemistry and biology to engineering workshops, clean rooms and computer suites. Research centres, often shared with national bodies, give students access to equipment and projects that would be out of reach at a smaller institution.
实验室从化学与生物实验平台，到工程车间、洁净室与计算机房，一应俱全。这些研究中心常与国家级机构共建，使学生能够接触到规模较小的院校难以提供的设备与项目。
The university also maintains museums
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