Core Knowledge Review for Year 12 Cambridge German | 剑桥Year 12德语核心知识点梳理

📚 Core Knowledge Review for Year 12 Cambridge German | 剑桥Year 12德语核心知识点梳理

This article consolidates the essential grammar and vocabulary topics for Year 12 Cambridge AS/A Level German. Mastering these areas will give you a solid foundation for reading, writing, listening and speaking, and help you tackle exam-style tasks with confidence.

本文梳理了剑桥 Year 12 AS/A Level 德语所必须掌握的语法和词汇核心知识点。精通这些内容将为你的听、说、读、写打下扎实基础，并帮助你自信地应对各类考试题型。

1. Sentence Structure and Word Order | 句子结构与语序

In German main clauses, the conjugated verb is always the second element, while other parts can be moved to the first position for emphasis. The infinitive or past participle goes to the end of the clause. In subordinate clauses, the finite verb moves to the very end. Understanding this 'verb-second and verb-final' rule is crucial for correct sentence building.

在德语主句中，变位动词始终位于第二位，其他成分可移至句首表示强调。不定式或过去分词则置于句末。在从句中，限定动词移至句末。掌握这一 "动词第二位和动词末位" 规则对构建正确句子至关重要。

Example: Heute gehe ich ins Kino. (Today I go to the cinema.) The verb 'gehe' is second. In a subordinate clause: ..., weil ich heute ins Kino gehe. (because I go to the cinema today.) The verb 'gehe' is at the end.

例如：Heute gehe ich ins Kino.（今天我去电影院。）动词 "gehe" 居第二位。在从句中：..., weil ich heute ins Kino gehe.（因为我今天去电影院。）动词 "gehe" 在末尾。

2. Nouns and Grammatical Cases | 名词与语法格

All German nouns are capitalised and belong to one of three genders: masculine, feminine, neuter. The case system (nominative, accusative, dative, genitive) marks the role of nouns in a sentence. Definite and indefinite articles change according to case and gender, affecting adjectives and pronouns.

德语所有名词首字母大写，分属阳性、阴性和中性。格体系（主格、宾格、与格、属格）标示名词在句中的功能。定冠词和不定冠词依据格和性变化，同时影响形容词和代词的词形。

Below is the declension of the definite article:

以下是定冠词的变格表：

The indefinite article 'ein' and the negative 'kein' follow similar patterns, with the plural forms 'keine' and no indefinite article for the plural. Mastering the four cases allows you to navigate direct objects, indirect objects and possession, all of which appear in every exam paper.

不定冠词 "ein" 和否定词 "kein" 遵循相似模式，复数形式为 "keine"，且无不定冠词复数。掌握四格能让你正确处理直接宾语、间接宾语和所属关系，这些在每一份考卷中都会出现。

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3. Adjective Endings | 形容词词尾变化

Adjective endings depend on whether the noun has a preceding article (definite, indefinite, or no article). Three declension patterns exist: weak (after definite article), strong (no article), and mixed (after ein/kein/possessive). Mastering these patterns greatly improves accuracy in writing.

形容词词尾取决于名词前是否有冠词（定冠词、不定冠词或无冠词）。变格存在三种模式：弱变化（定冠词后）、强变化（无冠词）和混合变化（在 ein/kein/物主代词后）。掌握这些模式能极大提升写作准确性。

A quick guide to strong endings (used without a preceding article):

强变化词尾速览（前面无冠词时）：

Case	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Nominative	-er	-e	-es	-e
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