📚 Comparing Core Concepts in GCSE Edexcel Computer Science | GCSE Edexcel计算机知识点对比
Understanding the differences between fundamental concepts is crucial for mastering GCSE Edexcel Computer Science. This article contrasts key topics side by side, helping you clarify distinctions, avoid common misconceptions, and apply knowledge accurately in exams.
理解基本概念之间的差异对于掌握GCSE Edexcel计算机科学至关重要。本文并排对比了关键知识点，帮助你厘清区别、避免常见误解，并在考试中准确运用。
1. Algorithm vs Program | 算法与程序对比
An algorithm is a step-by-step, language-independent set of instructions designed to solve a problem or perform a task. It can be represented using flowcharts or pseudocode, focusing purely on logic.
算法是一套与语言无关的、逐步执行的指令，用于解决问题或执行任务。它可以用流程图或伪代码表示，纯粹关注逻辑。
A program is the actual implementation of one or more algorithms in a specific programming language, such as Python. It obeys the syntax rules of that language and can be executed by a computer.
程序是算法在特定编程语言（如Python）中的具体实现，遵循该语言的语法规则，并可由计算机执行。
Algorithms facilitate computational thinking, while programs turn that thinking into working software. The same algorithm can lead to different program versions depending on the language chosen.
算法促进计算思维，而程序将这种思维转变为可运行的软件。同一个算法可根据所选语言导致不同的程序版本。
2. Hardware vs Software | 硬件与软件对比
Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system that you can touch, such as the CPU, memory modules, storage drives, and input/output devices.
硬件指计算机系统中可触摸的物理组件，如CPU、内存条、存储驱动器和输入/输出设备。
Software is the collection of programs and data that instruct the hardware what to do. It is intangible and includes operating systems, applications, and utilities.
软件是指令硬件工作的程序和数据的集合，是无形的，包括操作系统、应用程序和实用工具。
Hardware provides the platform and resources, while software exploits those resources to deliver functionality. They are interdependent: without software, hardware is inert; without hardware, software cannot run.
硬件提供平台和资源，而软件利用这些资源来提供功能。二者相互依赖：没有软件，硬件是惰性的；没有硬件，软件无法运行。
3. RAM vs ROM | 随机存取存储器与只读存储器对比
RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile primary memory used to store data and instructions currently in use by the processor. When the power is turned off, all data in RAM is lost.
RAM（随机存取存储器）是易失性主存，用于存储处理器当前使用的数据和指令。断电后，RAM中的所有数据都会丢失。
ROM (Read-Only Memory) is non-volatile memory that retains its contents even without power. It typically stores firmware, such as the BIOS, which is essential for booting the computer.
ROM（只读存储器）是非易失性存储器，即使断电也能保留内容。它通常存储固件，如BIOS，这对启动计算机至关重要。
The table below summarises the key differences between RAM and ROM.
下表总结了RAM和ROM的主要区别。
| Feature | RAM | ROM |
| Volatility | Volatile (data lost when power off) | Non-volatile (data retained) |
| Read/Write | Published by TutorHao | GCSE Computer Science Revision Series | aleveler.com
