📚 Year 13 CIE Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Mnemonic Guide | CIE A2 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your ultimate rapid revision for CIE A2 Engineering terminology. This guide breaks down the most essential vocabulary across key topics—mechanics, materials, electronics, thermodynamics, fluids, manufacturing, design, structures, and control. Each term is paired with a clear definition in English and Chinese to strengthen your bilingual understanding and boost exam recall. Whether you are preparing for Paper 2 or 4, mastering these terms will help you articulate engineering concepts confidently.
欢迎来到 CIE A2 工程终极术语速记指南。本指南涵盖力学、材料、电子、热力学、流体、制造、设计、结构和控制等核心领域的必备词汇。每个术语都配有英中双解释义，帮助你加深理解、快速回忆。无论你正在备考卷2还是卷4，掌握这些术语将使你在表达工程概念时更加自信。
1. Mechanical Properties & Stress Analysis | 力学性能与应力分析
Mechanical properties describe how materials respond to applied forces. Understanding stress and strain is fundamental to selecting materials and predicting failure in CIE Engineering.
力学性能描述材料在外力作用下的响应。在 CIE 工程学中，理解应力和应变是材料选择和失效预测的基础。
Tensile Stress (σ) xial force and A is the original cross-sectional area. The SI unit is the pascal (Pa) or N/m².
拉伸应力 (σ) 是材料单位截面积上所承受的力，计算公式为 σ = F/A，其中 F 为轴向力，A 为原始截面积。国际单位是帕斯卡 (Pa) 或 N/m²。
Tensile Strain (ε) mber given by ε = ΔL / L₀, where ΔL is the change in length and L₀ is the original length.
拉伸应变 (ε) 是伸长量与原始长度的比值，表示变形程度，为无量纲量，公式为 ε = ΔL / L₀，ΔL 为长度变化量，L₀ 为原始长度。
Young's Modulus (E) measures a material's stiffness. It is the gradient of the elastic region of the stress–strain curve: E = σ / ε. A high modulus means the material resists deformation.
杨氏模量 (E) 衡量材料的刚度，是应力–应变曲线弹性段的斜率：E = σ / ε。模量高表示材料抵抗形变的能力强。
Yield Strength is the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically. Beyond this point, permanent deformation occurs. Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) is the maximum stress a material can withstand before necking and eventual fracture.
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