📚 Common Mistakes in Year 13 CIE French and How to Fix Them | Year 13 CIE 法语常见误区与纠正方法
The CIE A-Level French examination demands precision in grammar, syntax and expression. Year 13 students often lose marks not through a lack of knowledge but through persistent, avoidable errors. This article identifies the most frequent pitfalls and provides clear, actionable corrections.
CIE A-Level 法语考试对语法、句法和表达准确性要求极高。Year 13 学生丢分往往不是因为知识欠缺，而是源于一些反复出现、可以避免的错误。本文将指出最常见的误区，并提供清晰可行的纠正方法。
1. Subjunctive Triggers and Tenses | 虚拟式触发动因与时态
One of the most common mistakes is using the subjunctive after "apres que", which requires the indicative because it refers to a completed fact. Students often write "Apres qu'il soit parti" instead of the correct "Apres qu'il est parti". Conversely, they may forget the subjunctive after "avant que", producing "Avant qu'il part" rather than "Avant qu'il parte".
最常见的错误之一是在“apres que”之后使用虚拟式，而它要求直陈式，因为它指向一个已完成的事实。学生常写“Apres qu'il soit parti”，正确形式应为“Apres qu'il est parti”。相反，他们可能在“avant que”后忘记用虚拟式，写出“Avant qu'il part”而非“Avant qu'il parte”。
Another error is misjudging the tense: after a present-tense main verb, the present subjunctive is used (Je doute qu'elle vienne), but after a past-tense main verb, the imperfect subjunctive is formally required (Je doutais qu'elle vint). The past subjunctive (qu'elle soit venue) is needed if the subordinate action was completed before the main verb's time frame. Mixing these up leads to incoherent time references.
另一个错误是时态判断失误：主句动词为现在时，从句用现在虚拟式（Je doute qu'elle vienne）；但主句动词为过去时，从句正式要求未完成过去虚拟式（Je doutais qu'elle vint）。若从句动作在主句时间之前完成，则需过去虚拟式（qu'elle soit venue）。混淆时态会导致时间指代混乱。
2. Agreement of the Past Participle | 过去分词配合
When the auxiliary is etre, the past participle agrees with the subject: "Elles sont parties". With avoir, the participle agrees with a preceding direct object: "Les lettres que j'ai ecrites". Yet many students forget to make the agreement or over-generalise. A classic error is writing "La lettre que j'ai ecrit" instead of "ecrite".
当助动词为 etre 时，过去分词与主语性数配合：“Elles sont parties”。如果是 avoir，则与前置的直接宾语配合：“Les lettres que j'ai ecrites”。然而很多学生忘记配合或过度推广。经典错误是将“La lettre que j'ai ecrit”写成正确的“ecrite”。
Reflexive verbs cause further confusion. In "Elle s'est lave les mains", the reflexive pronoun is an indirect object, so the participle "lave" does not agree; but in "Elle s'est lavee" (she washed herself), it does agree. Students frequently write "Elle s'est lavee les mains" incorrectly.
代词式动词也引起混淆。在“Elle s'est lave les mains”中，自反代词是间接宾语，因此过去分词“lave”不配合；但在“Elle s'est lavee”（她洗澡）中，需要配合。学生常错误地写出“Elle s'est lavee les mains”。
3. Pronoun Order: Direct, Indirect and 'y'/'en' | 代词顺序：直宾、间宾与 y/en
y → en. Errors arise when students place the indirect pronoun before the direct one, e.g. "Je lui le donne" instead of "Je le lui donne". In affirmative commands, the order changes: donne-le-moi, allez-y.
在陈述句中，标准顺序为：me/te/se/nous/vous → le/la/les → lui/leur → y → en。学生常将间接宾语代词置于直接宾语代词之前，例如“Je lui le donne”而非正确的“Je le lui donne”。在肯定命令式中顺序改变：donne-le-moi, allez-y。
Double-pronoun constructions with y and en also trip up candidates. "Je m'y interesse" (I am interested in it) is correct, but many write "Je m'en interesse", confusing y (replaces a + noun) with en (replaces de + noun). Similarly, "Je m'en souviens" is correct, not "Je m'y souviens".
带有 y 和 en 的双代词结构也令考生绊倒。“Je m'y interesse”（我对它感兴趣）是正确的，但许多人写成“Je m'en interesse”，混淆了 y（替代 a + 名词）与 en（替代 de + 名词）。同样，“Je m'en souviens”正确，而非“Je m'y souviens”。
4. Prepositions with Verbs and Adjectives | 动词与形容词后的介词搭配
Many French verbs demand specific prepositions that differ from English expectations. Common blunders include "penser de" for "to think of" when it should be "penser a", as in "Je pense a toi". "S'interesser a" is correct, not "s'interesser de". "Decider de" (to decide to) is often wrongly rendered as "decider a".
许多法语动词需要特定介词，与英语习惯不同。常见错误有：用“penser de”表达“想起”，而正确是“penser a”，如“Je pense a toi”。“S'interesser a”正确，而非“s'interesser de”。“Decider de”（决定做）常被误作“decider a”。
Adjectives also govern prepositions. For example, "content de" (happy about), "facile a" (easy to) but "facile pour" in the sense of "easy for someone". A typical mistake is "C'est facile a moi" instead of "C'est facile pour moi". Mastering these combinations eliminates clumsy anglicisms.
形容词也支配介词。例如“content de”（对……高兴）、“facile a”（容易做）但表示对某人而言容易时用“facile pour”。典型错误是“C'est facile a moi”而非“C'est facile pour moi”。掌握这些搭配能消除生硬的英语化表达。
5. 'C'est' vs 'Il est' | "C'est" 与 "Il est" 辨析
The distinction hinges on what follows. Use "c'est" before a modified noun (article + noun, possessive, proper name): "C'est un bon professeur", "C'est mon ami", "C'est Marie". Use "il/elle est" before an unmodified adjective referring to a specific subject: "Il est bon", "Elle est intelligente". Learners often blur this boundary and produce "Il est bon professeur", which jars.
区别取决于后续成分。在限定名词（冠词+名词、主有词、专名）前用“c'est”：“C'est un bon professeur”、“C'est mon ami”、“C'est Marie”。在指代特定主语的未修饰形容词前用“il/elle est”：“Il est bon”、“Elle est intelligente”。学习者常混淆界限，写出“Il est bon professeur”，显得不自然。
Another recurrent error involves impersonal expressions: "C'est difficile de comprendre" should be "Il est difficile de comprendre" when the real subject is an infinitive. "Il est" is used in formal structures with an infinitive or a clause, whereas "c'est" works for emphasis or identification. Getting this right adds polish to written French.
另一个常见错误涉及无人称句：“C'est difficile de comprendre”应转为“Il est difficile de comprendre”，因为真正主语是不定式。当结构包含不定式或从句时，用“Il est”；而“c'est”用于强调或身份识别。正确区分可为法语写作增色。
6. Relative Pronouns: qui, que, dont, and lequel | 关系代词 qui, que, dont, lequel
The most basic confusion is between subject and object: "La fille qui parle" vs "La fille que je regarde". Mistakes occur when the verb requires de, where "dont" is mandatory: "L'homme dont je parle" (the man of whom I speak), not "L'homme que je parle". Similarly, "le livre dont j'ai besoin" replaces "de + noun".
最基本的混淆是主语和宾语：“La fille qui parle”与“La fille que je regarde”。当动词要求 de 时，必须用“dont”：“L'homme dont je parle”（我说到的那个男人），而不是“L'homme que je parle”。同样，“le livre dont j'ai besoin”替代“de + 名词”。
After a preposition, "lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles" agree with the antecedent. For example, "La table sur laquelle j'ai pose le vase". Students often default to "qui" and write "La table sur qui...", which is incorrect for inanimate objects. With people, "qui" after a preposition is acceptable: "la personne avec qui je travaille". Using "dont" when a preposition is present is another pitfall.
在介词之后，“lequel/laquelle/lesquels/lesquelles”要与先行词性数一致。例如“La table sur laquelle j'ai pose le vase”。学生常默认用“qui”，写成“La table sur qui...”，这对无生命物体是错误的。指人时，介词后用“qui”可接受：“la personne avec qui je travaille”。当已有介词时却用“dont”是另一个陷阱。
7. Si Clauses and the Sequence of Tenses | Si 从句与时态配合
The golden rule is that si never takes the conditional in the same clause. Error: "Si j'aurais de l'argent, j'acheterais une voiture". Correct version: "Si j'avais de l'argent, j'acheterais une voiture" ent → future, si + imperfect → conditional present, si + pluperfect → conditional perfect.
黄金法则是 si 从句自身绝不能使用条件式。错误：“Si j'aurais de l'argent, j'acheterais une voiture”。正确版本：“Si j'avais de l'argent, j'acheterais une voiture”。三种标准模式为：si + 现在时→ 将来时，si + 未完成过去时→ 条件式现在时，si + 愈过去时→ 条件式过去时。
Candidates also misuse tenses in the main clause. After "si j'avais su", the main clause must be conditional perfect ("je ne serais pas venu"), not the pluperfect. Mixing these up disrupts the logical flow of hypothetical statements and costs marks in both writing and translation.
考生还会用错主句时态。在“si j'avais su”之后，主句必须是条件式过去时（“je ne serais pas venu”），而不是愈过去时。混淆时态会破坏假设句的逻辑流畅，在写作和翻译中都会丢分。
8. False Friends and Common Anglicisms | 假朋友与常见英语化错误
Words such as "actuellement" (currently, not actually), "sensible" (sensitive, not sensible/wise) and "eventuellement" (possibly, not eventually) are frequently misused. Saying "Je suis sensible" means "I am sensitive", not "I am sensible". Similarly, "assister a" means "to attend", not "to assist".
像“actuellement”（当前，而非 actually）、“sensible”（敏感的，而非明智的）以及“eventuellement”（可能，而非 eventually）等词常被误用。说“Je suis sensible”意为“我很敏感”，不是“我很明智”。同样，“assister a”意为“参加”，不是“协助”。
Anglicisms such as "supporter" for "to support" (correctly "soutenir" in most contexts) creep in. "Realiser" meaning "to realise" is acceptable now, but purists still prefer "se rendre compte". Another trap is "excite" which has sexual connotations; use "enthousiaste" or "J'ai hate de" instead. Avoiding these gives a more authentic French voice.
英语化表达如用“supporter”表示“支持”（多数场合正确用“soutenir”）悄悄混入。“Realiser”表“意识到”已被接受，但讲究纯正者仍推崇“se rendre compte”。另一个陷阱是“excite”带有性暗示；应改用“enthousiaste”或“J'ai hate de”。避开这些可使法语更地道。
9. Negation Structures: 'ne' without 'pas' and Double Negatives | 否定结构："ne" 单独使用与双重否定
Besides "ne...pas", other negations such as "ne...rien", "ne...personne", "ne...jamais", "ne...plus", and "ne...que" (restrictive) must be placed correctly. A frequent mistake is making a double negative: "Je n'ai pas rien dit" actually means "I didn't say nothing" → "I said something". The correction is "Je n'ai rien dit".
除了“ne...pas”，其他否定如“ne...rien”、“ne...personne”、“ne...jamais”、“ne...plus”和限制性“ne...que”必须放在正确位置。常见错误是出现双重否定：“Je n'ai pas rien dit”实际意为“我不是什么都没说”→“我说了些事”。正确应为“Je n'ai rien dit”。
In formal or literary contexts, "ne" can appear alone with certain verbs (pouvoir, oser, savoir) and after "avant que" or "a moins que", the expletive "ne" is used without negative meaning: "Avant qu'il ne parte". Students either omit it or add a "pas" inappropriately. Understanding this nuance demonstrates advanced control.
在正式或文学语境中，“ne”可与某些动词（pouvoir, oser, savoir）单独出现，并在“avant que”或“a moins que”后使用赘词“ne”而无否定意义：“Avant qu'il ne parte”。学生要么漏掉“ne”，要么画蛇添足加上“pas”。理解这一细微之处展现出高阶驾驭能力。
10. Gender and Number Agreement Across Clauses | 跨从句的性与数配合
Agreement errors often arise in complex sentences where the referent is far from the adjective or participle. For example: "La foule de jeunes que j'ai rencontree etait enthousiaste" – "rencontree" must agree with the feminine singular "foule", even though "jeunes" is plural. Students may incorrectly write "rencontres".
配合错误常出现在复杂句中，因为所指对象离形容词或分词较远。例如：“La foule de jeunes que j'ai rencontree etait enthousiaste”——“rencontree”必须与阴性单数“foule”配合，尽管“jeunes”是复数。学生可能错误地写成“rencontres”。
Collective expressions like "la plupart des" take a plural agreement when emphasis is on the individuals: "La plupart des eleves sont partis" (masculine plural). Colour adjectives are another sticky point: "des chaussures orange" (invariable), "des robes vertes" (agree). Failure to apply these rules consistently undermines the grammatical accuracy expected at Year 13.
集体表达如“la plupart des”在强调个体时用复数配合：“La plupart des eleves sont partis”（阳性复数）。颜色形容词是另一难点：“des chaussures orange”（不变），“des robes vert
Published by TutorHao | Year 13 法语 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
或截图后用「扫一扫 → 相册」选择本图