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University of Groningen: A Complete Guide for International Students | 荷兰格罗宁根大学完全指南

2024-03-14 18:14 · 本文部分内容由AI辅助创作

📚 University of Groningen: A Complete Guide for International Students | 荷兰格罗宁根大学完全指南

The University of Groningen is one of the oldest, largest and most internationally minded public research universities in the Netherlands. For students who are considering a degree in continental Europe, it offers a rare combination: four centuries of academic tradition, a broad and flexible curriculum, strong research infrastructure and a genuinely global student community. This guide walks through its history, academic structure, research profile, campus life and practical application details, so that you can judge whether it belongs on your shortlist.

格罗宁根大学是荷兰历史最悠久、规模最大、国际化程度最高的公立研究型大学之一。对于正在考虑赴欧洲大陆读本科或硕士的学生来说，它提供了一种难得的组合：四百余年的学术传统、宽广而灵活的课程体系、强劲的科研平台，以及真正全球化的学生社群。本文从历史沿革、学科结构、科研实力、校园生活到申请与费用细节，逐一梳理，帮助你判断它是否应该出现在你的选校清单上。

1. Overview and Historical Roots | 学校概览与历史沿革

The University of Groningen, known in Dutch as the Rijksuniversiteit Groningen and usually shortened to UG, is a public research university located in the northern Dutch city of Groningen. It was founded in 1614, which makes it one of the oldest universities in the Netherlands and, by most accounts, the country's second-oldest institution of higher learning after Leiden, established in 1575. More than four hundred years later, the university still stands among the leading academic institutions in Europe, combining high-quality teaching, serious research output and a strongly international atmosphere.

格罗宁根大学（荷兰语 Rijksuniversiteit Groningen，通常简称 UG）是一所公立研究型大学，坐落于荷兰北部的同名城市格罗宁根。学校创立于 1614 年，是荷兰历史最悠久的大学之一，按通行说法，也是继 1575 年建立的莱顿大学之后荷兰第二古老的高等学府。四百多年后的今天，它依然位居欧洲顶尖高校之列，把高质量教学、扎实的科研产出和浓厚的国际化氛围结合在一起。

From its earliest years the institution was shaped by the Dutch Golden Age of inquiry: theology, law, medicine and the natural sciences were taught from the beginning, and the university quickly became a regional centre of scholarship for the northern provinces. Its historic roots still matter today, because they underpin the university's identity as a place where tradition and open, critical enquiry sit side by side.

建校之初，学校便深受荷兰黄金时代求知精神的影响：神学、法学、医学与自然科学从一开始就是教学内容，格罗宁根大学也迅速成为北部省份的学术重镇。这段历史根基至今仍有意义，因为它塑造了学校的性格——传统与开放、批判性的探索并存。

The university is a research-intensive institution with roughly 37,000 students, of whom a large and growing share come from outside the Netherlands. It employs several thousand academic staff across its faculties and affiliated bodies, and it operates a genuinely bilingual environment: Dutch is the everyday language of the city, while a very substantial part of the teaching at master's level, and a growing number of bachelor's programmes, are delivered entirely in English.

作为一所研究密集型大学，格罗宁根大学约有 3.7 万名学生，其中来自荷兰境外的学生所占比例很大且在持续上升。学校各学院及附属机构拥有数千名学术人员，并形成了真正的双语环境：荷兰语是这座城市的日常语言，而硕士阶段相当大一部分课程，以及越来越多的本科项目，则完全以英语授课。

2. Global Standing and Reputation | 学术声誉与全球排名

Groningen is consistently ranked among the top universities in the Netherlands and within the upper tier of European research universities. In recent editions of the major global rankings it has typically appeared inside the world top 100 to top 200, depending on the ranking methodology, and it is regularly placed among the top three to five Dutch universities overall. For a university of its size in a relatively small country, that is a strong position.

在各大主流排名中，格罗宁根大学长期稳居荷兰高校前列，并处于欧洲研究型大学的第一梯队。按近年主要全球排名的结果，它通常落在世界前 100 至前 200 名之间（不同排名方法会有差异），并经常位列荷兰全国前三到前五。对于一所位于小国、体量中等的大学而言，这是相当亮眼的位置。

The university is also a member of the Coimbra Group, a network of long-established European universities known for academic tradition and research strength. Membership of such networks matters practically, not just symbolically: it supports staff exchanges, joint programmes, summer schools and collaborative research, all of which create opportunities for students who want a European rather than a purely national degree experience.

格罗宁根大学还是科英布拉集团（Coimbra Group）的成员。该集团由一批以学术传统和科研实力著称的欧洲老牌大学组成。加入这类联盟不只是象征意义：它支撑着教师互访、联合项目、暑期学校与合作研究，为希望获得"欧洲式"而非单一国家学位体验的学生创造了实际机会。

Reputation aside, the more useful question for applicants is what this standing means in practice. It generally translates into recognised degrees across Europe and beyond, a strong alumni network, and reasonable mobility into postgraduate study or employment in the Netherlands, Germany, the wider EU and the UK.

抛开排名本身，对申请者更有用的问题是：这样的声誉在实践中意味着什么？通常它意味着学位在欧洲及更广范围内被认可、校友网络较强，以及在荷兰、德国、更广泛的欧盟地区和英国继续深造或就业时具有较好的流动性。

3. Disciplinary Breadth and Faculty Structure | 学科版图与院系结构

The university's subject coverage is unusually wide. It spans the humanities, social and behavioural sciences, economics and business, law, natural sciences and engineering, spatial sciences, medical sciences, philosophy and theology. Teaching and research are organised into a set of faculties and related bodies, each with its own degree programmes, research institutes and admissions requirements.

格罗宁根大学的学科版图十分宽广，覆盖人文、社会与行为科学、经济与商学、法学、自然科学与工程、空间科学、医学、哲学以及神学等领域。教学与科研按学院及相关机构组织，每个学院都有自己的学位项目、研究所和招生要求。

Faculty / Body 学院或机构Main Fields 主要领域
Faculty of ArtsLanguages, history, archaeology, cultural studies 语言、历史、考古、文化研究
Faculty of Behavioural and Social SciencesPsychology, sociology, pedagogy 心理学、社会学、教育学
Faculty of Economics and BusinessEconomics, business, econometrics 经济学、商学、计量经济学
Faculty of LawDutch and international law 荷兰法与国际法
Faculty of Medical Sciences / UMCGMedicine, dentistry, biomedical research 医学、牙科、生物医学研究
Faculty of Science and EngineeringPhysics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, computing, engineering 物理、化学、生物、数学、计算、工程
Faculty of Spatial SciencesHuman geography, planning, demography 人文地理、规划、人口学
Faculty of PhilosophyPhilosophy, ethics, logic 哲学、伦理学、逻辑学
Faculty of Theology and Religious StudiesTheology, religion and culture 神学、宗教与文化
University College GroningenLiberal arts and sciences 文理通识
Campus Fryslân (Leeuwarden)Global challenges, data science, sustainable entrepreneurship 全球议题、数据科学、可持续创业

This breadth is one of the university's main selling points. Students who are not yet certain about a single discipline can enter through a broad programme and specialise later, while those with a clear direction can choose from deep, research-oriented tracks in their field.

这种学科广度是该校的核心优势之一。尚未确定单一专业方向的学生，可以通过宽口径项目入学、之后再逐步专精；而目标明确的学生，则能在本领域内选择深度较高的研究型方向。

4. Undergraduate Education | 本科教学特色

Bachelor's degrees at Groningen normally take three years of full-time study, following the standard Dutch and European bachelor's-master's structure. Programmes combine lectures, small-group tutorials, practicals and independent projects. Assessment is typically a mix of written examinations, essays, presentations, group work and, in the final year, a research-based thesis.

格罗宁根大学的学士学位通常为三年全日制，遵循荷兰及欧洲通行的"学士—硕士"学制结构。课程由讲座、小班研讨、实验实践与独立项目组成。考核方式一般包括笔试、论文、展示、小组作业，以及最后一年以研究为基础的毕业论文。

Two features stand out for international applicants. First, the number of English-taught bachelor's programmes is large by continental European standards - roughly thirty - covering fields such as economics and business, psychology, artificial intelligence, computing science, international relations, liberal arts and sciences, and various science and engineering tracks. Second, the curriculum is modular: most degrees are built around a major with room for a minor, an elective package or a semester abroad.

对国际申请者而言，有两点格外突出。第一，按欧洲大陆的标准，该校英语授课的本科项目数量相当可观，约三十个，涵盖经济与商学、心理学、人工智能、计算科学、国际关系、文理通识以及多个理工方向。第二，课程采用模块化设计：大多数学位以主修专业为核心，同时留出辅修、选修模块或海外交换学期的空间。

University College Groningen deserves a separate mention. It is an honours-style liberal arts and sciences programme with small cohorts, interdisciplinary courses and a strong emphasis on research skills and personal academic planning. It suits students who want flexibility and close contact with teaching staff rather than a fixed, pre-packaged degree.

格罗宁根大学学院（University College Groningen）值得单独一提。它是一个荣誉制文理通识项目，班级规模小、课程跨学科，非常强调研究能力与个人学术规划。它适合那些希望拥有较高灵活性、与教师保持紧密互动，而不是走固定"套餐式"学位路径的学生。

5. Master's and PhD Pathways | 硕士与博士培养

At postgraduate level the university offers well over a hundred English-taught master's programmes, most lasting one year (60 ECTS) and some lasting two years (120 ECTS), particularly in research-oriented science, engineering and interdisciplinary fields. A research master's is often the natural stepping stone to a PhD.

在研究生阶段，学校提供一百多个英语授课硕士项目，多数为一年制（60 ECTS），部分为两年制（120 ECTS），后者多见于研究导向的理工科与跨学科领域。研究型硕士往往也是通往博士阶段最自然的跳板。

Doctoral training at Groningen is organised through graduate schools. PhD candidates are normally employed by the university on a fixed-term contract, typically four years, and receive a salary while completing their research. That employment-based model is common in the Netherlands and is one of the reasons the country attracts so many international doctoral researchers: you are treated as a junior academic staff member rather than as a fee-paying student.

格罗宁根大学的博士培养由各研究生院组织。博士生通常以固定期限合同受聘于学校，一般为四年，在完成研究期间领取薪资。这种"受雇型"博士模式在荷兰很常见，也是荷兰吸引大量国际博士研究者的原因之一：你被当作初级学术人员，而不是付费学生。

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Applicants for master's programmes should check each programme page carefully, because entry requirements, deadlines and language thresholds vary between faculties and even between individual tracks within the same faculty.

申请硕士的同学需要逐个项目页面仔细核对，因为入学要求、截止日期与语言门槛在不同学院之间，甚至在同一学院的不同方向之间，都可能不一样。

6. Research Strength and Infrastructure | 科研实力与研究设施

Groningen is a research-intensive university with a long record of internationally significant discoveries. The physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1913 for his work on low-temperature physics and superconductivity, worked in Leiden but the Dutch tradition of precision experimental physics is deeply embedded in Groningen's science culture. More recently, Ben Feringa shared the 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the design and synthesis of molecular machines, work carried out at Groningen.

格罗宁根大学是一所研究密集型大学，拥有众多具有国际影响力的发现。物理学家海克·卡末林·昂内斯因低温物理与超导研究获得 1913 年诺贝尔物理学奖；而更近的例子是本·费林加，他因分子机器的设计与合成分享了 2016 年诺贝尔化学奖，相关研究正是在格罗宁根完成的。

The university maintains advanced laboratories, computing facilities and specialised research institutes. Its science and engineering activity is concentrated around the Zernike Campus, while biomedical and clinical research is closely tied to the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), one of the largest hospital complexes in the Netherlands.

学校配备先进的实验室、计算设施与专门研究机构。理工科活动主要集中在泽尼克校区（Zernike Campus），生物医学与临床研究则与格罗宁根大学医学中心（UMCG）紧密相连，后者是荷兰规模最大的医院综合体之一。

Strong research areas include astronomy, materials science, chemistry, energy and sustainability, artificial intelligence, medical and life sciences, and the social sciences. Programmes such as the Rosalind Franklin Fellowship are designed to attract outstanding early-career researchers from abroad, which in turn strengthens the international research environment that students encounter day to day.

实力突出的研究领域包括天文学、材料科学、化学、能源与可持续性、人工智能、医学与生命科学以及社会科学。学校的"罗莎琳德·富兰克林学者计划"（Rosalind Franklin Fellowship）等项目专门用来吸引海外优秀青年研究者，这反过来又强化了学生日常所处的国际科研环境。

Crucially for undergraduates and master's students, research is not reserved for staff. Many programmes include research projects, honours tracks, assistantships or thesis placements in real research groups, so students can take part in frontier work and sharpen their own research skills while they study.

对本科生和硕士生而言，关键在于科研并非只属于教师。许多项目都包含研究课题、荣誉方向、助研岗位或在真实课题组内完成毕业论文的环节，学生因此能亲身参与前沿探索，在学习过程中磨砺自己的研究能力。

7. Internationalisation and Global Partnerships | 国际化办学与全球伙伴

Internationalisation is not an add-on at Groningen; it is built into the design of the institution. Students and staff come from more than a hundred countries, a large share of master's teaching is in English, and the university runs dedicated support services for internationals, from visa and residence-permit guidance to language courses and cultural orientation.

对格罗宁根大学而言，国际化不是附加项，而是写进办学设计里的内核。师生来自一百多个国家，硕士阶段很大一部分教学以英语进行，学校还为国际学生提供专门服务，从签证与居留许可指导，到语言课程与跨文化适应培训一应俱全。

Exchange and mobility schemes are extensive. Through Erasmus+ and a wide network of bilateral agreements, students can spend part of their degree at a partner university abroad. The university also maintains close partnerships with institutions worldwide, which supports joint programmes, visiting lecturers, summer schools and collaborative research projects.

交流与流动项目十分丰富。通过 Erasmus+ 以及大量双边协议，学生可以在学位期间前往海外伙伴大学学习一段时间。学校还与全球众多高校保持紧密合作，支撑联合项目、访问学者、暑期学校与联合研究课题。

Practically speaking, this means an applicant can expect to study alongside classmates from many different educational backgrounds, to be taught by staff with international experience, and to have structured opportunities to add a genuinely global dimension to their degree rather than having to arrange it independently.

从实际角度看，这意味着申请者将与来自不同教育背景的同学共同学习，由具有国际经历的教师授课，并有机会以制度化的方式为自己的学位增添真正的全球维度，而不必独自去摸索和安排。

8. Campus Environment and Study Facilities | 校园环境与学习设施

The university's campus is spread across the city rather than fenced into a single site, and the environment is widely described as pleasant and well equipped. Facilities include the University Library with its large print and digital collections, faculty libraries, modern lecture theatres and seminar rooms, computer rooms, and well-resourced laboratories for the sciences. Sports facilities, including the ACLO sports centre, give students a wide choice of activities alongside their studies.

格罗宁根大学没有围墙式单一校区，而是分布在城市各处，整体环境常被评价为宜人且设施齐全。配套设施包括拥有大量纸质与数字馆藏的大学图书馆、各学院分馆、现代化的讲堂与研讨室、机房，以及资源充足的理工实验室。体育设施方面，ACLO 体育中心等为学生提供了丰富的课外运动选择。

Funding and workspace go beyond reading. Students have access to quiet study spaces, group project rooms, online databases and academic skills support. For a city of its size, Groningen offers an unusually rich academic infrastructure, largely because a very large proportion of its population is students.

学校提供的支持不止于阅读。学生可以使用安静自习区、小组项目室、在线数据库以及学术技能辅导。以其城市规模而言，格罗宁根的学术基础设施异常丰富，主要原因在于该市人口中学生的比例非常高。

9. Student Life, Societies and the City | 学生生活、社团与城市文化

Student life in Groningen is lively and varied. A wide range of student associations, sports clubs, cultural societies and international student organisations operate on and around campus, giving students the chance to make friends, stay active and enjoy a fuller university experience beyond coursework. The Erasmus Student Network and similar groups are especially helpful for newcomers adjusting to Dutch academic culture.

格罗宁根的学生生活活跃而多元。校园内外活跃着形形色色的学生社团、体育俱乐部、文化团体与国际学生组织，让学生有机会在课业之余结识朋友、强健体魄，让大学生活更加多姿多彩。Erasmus Student Network 等组织对刚来适应荷兰学术文化的新生尤其有帮助。

The city itself is a major part of the appeal. Home to roughly a quarter of a million people, of whom a large share are students, it is one of the youngest cities in the Netherlands. The historic centre, the Grote Markt square and the Martini Tower sit alongside cafés, markets, music venues and a famously dense bicycle culture. Outside term time, the surrounding province of Groningen offers quiet countryside and easy access to Germany.

城市本身也是吸引力的一大来源。格罗宁根约有二十五万人口，其中学生占比很高，是荷兰最年轻的城市之一。历史悠久的市中心、大市场广场（Grote Markt）与马提尼塔（Martini Tower）周边，分布着咖啡馆、市集、音乐场所和极为浓厚的自行车文化。假期里，格罗宁根省周边的宁静乡村和通往德国的便利交通也值得一探。

One practical warning: housing in Groningen is competitive, especially at the start of the academic year. International students are strongly advised to apply for accommodation early through the recognised providers and to budget for a deposit.

一个实用的提醒：格罗宁根的住房竞争激烈，学年开学前后尤其明显。国际学生最好尽早通过受认可的住宿机构提交申请，并预留押金预算。

10. Admissions, Tuition and Costs | 申请要点与费用概览

Applications from international students go through the national Dutch system, Studielink, followed by the university's own application portal where you upload documents and complete programme-specific requirements. Deadlines differ by programme and nationality; for non-EU applicants, most bachelor's deadlines fall around 1 May, while master's deadlines are commonly between 1 February and 1 May, with some programmes closing earlier.

国际学生申请需先通过荷兰全国系统 Studielink 注册，再在学校自有申请平台上上传材料并完成项目要求的步骤。截止日期因项目和国籍而异：非欧盟申请者的本科截止日期大多在 5 月 1 日前后，硕士截止日期通常落在 2 月 1 日至 5 月 1 日之间，部分项目会更早关闭。