📚 Year 12 Cambridge Computer Science: Intensive Winter Revision Plan | 剑桥 Year 12 计算机科学：寒假强化复习计划
The winter holidays are a critical time for Year 12 Cambridge AS Computer Science students to strengthen their grasp of theory and programming. With examinations approaching, a well-structured 4-week intensive revision plan can greatly boost your performance. This article provides a day-by-day topic schedule, revision strategies, and examiner-focused tips covering the 9618 specification.
寒假是 Year 12 剑桥 AS 计算机科学学生巩固理论与编程能力的关键时期。随着考试临近，一份精心设计的四周强化复习计划可以大幅提升你的成绩。本文提供逐日主题安排、复习策略和紧扣考纲的应试技巧，全面覆盖 9618 大纲。
1. Week 1 – Data Representation & Compression | 第一周：数据表示与压缩
Days 1–2: Focus on number bases. Practice binary, denary, and hexadecimal conversions, and ensure you can perform binary addition and subtraction using two's complement. Understand the range of signed integers: for n bits, –2ⁿ⁻¹ to 2ⁿ⁻¹–1.
第 1–2 天：重点复习数制。练习二进制、十进制和十六进制转换，确保能够使用补码进行二进制加减法。理解带符号整数的范围：n 位时为 –2ⁿ⁻¹ 到 2ⁿ⁻¹–1。
Day 3: Study text representation including ASCII and Unicode. Learn how characters are encoded and the differences between code pages. Pay attention to control characters and parity bits for error detection.
第 3 天：学习文本表示，包括 ASCII 和 Unicode。了解字符编码方式以及代码页之间的区别。注意控制字符和用于检错的奇偶校验位。
Day 4: Work on bitmap image representation – ling: sampling rate, bit depth, and Nyquist theorem (sample rate ≥ 2 × highest frequency).
第 4 天：学习位图图像表示——像素、色彩深度、分辨率和文件大小计算。同时复习声音采样：采样率、位深度和奈奎斯特定理（采样率 ≥ 2 × 最高频率）。
Day 5: Master compression algorithms. Understand lossless methods (run-length encoding, Huffman encoding) and lossy methods (JPEG, MP3). Practice constructing Huffman trees and calculating compression ratios.
第 5 天：掌握压缩算法。了解无损方法（游程编码、霍夫曼编码）和有损方法（JPEG、MP3）。练习构建霍夫曼树并计算压缩比。
2. Week 1 – Communication & Networking | 第一周：通信与网络技术
Days 6–7: Learn network topologies (star, mesh, bus) and transmission media. Compare advantages of copper cable, fibre optic, and wireless. Understand packet switching versus circuit switching.
第 6–7 天：学习网络拓扑（星型、网状、总线）和传输介质。比较铜缆、光纤和无线传输的优势。理解分组交换与电路交换。
Day 8: Familiarize yourself with the TCP/IP protocol stack and its layers: Application, Transport, Internet, Link. For each layer, know key protocols – HTTP, FTP, TCP, UDP, IP, Ethernet. Also review MAC addresses and IP address classes.
第 8 天：熟悉 TCP/IP 协议栈及其层次：应用层、传输层、互联网层、链路层。了解各层的关键协议——HTTP、FTP、TCP、UDP、IP、以太网。同时复习 MAC 地址和 IP 地址类别。
Day 9: Study domain names, DNS resolution process, and sub-netting basics. Practice calculating network and host portions given an IP address and subnet mask in CIDR notation.
第 9 天：学习域名、DNS 解析过程以及子网划分基础。练习根据 IP 地址和 CIDR 表示法的子网掩码计算网络部分和主机部分。
Day 10: Apply your knowledge by solving past paper questions on networking, particularly those requiring description of data transmission steps.
第 10 天：通过练习往年真题中的网络题目来应用所学知识，尤其是需要描述数据传输步骤的题目。
3. Week 2 – Hardware & Logic Circuits | 第二周：硬件与逻辑电路
Days 11–12: Review logic gates: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, XOR. Draw truth tables and logic circuits. Practice simplifying Boolean expressions using Boolean algebra laws and Karnaugh maps up to 4 variables.
第 11–12 天：复习逻辑门：与 ∧、或 ∨、非 ¬、与非、或非、异或。绘制真值表和逻辑电路。练习使用布尔代数定律和最多 4 个变量的卡诺图化简逻辑表达式。
Day 13: Study flip-flops (SR, JK, D type) as memory elements. Understand their truth tables and the concept of edge-triggered clock signals. Recognize how they are used in registers and counters.
第 13 天：学习触发器（SR、JK、D 型）作为存储元件。理解它们的真值表以及边沿触发时钟信号的概念。了解它们如何用于寄存器和计数器。
Day 14: Explore logic circuit design, including half-adder and full-adder circuits. Learn to combine adders to form multi-bit adders, and understand how status flags (carry, overflow) are generated.
第 14 天：探索逻辑电路设计，包括半加器和全加器电路。学习组合加法器形成多位加法器，并理解状态标志（进位、溢出）如何产生。
4. Week 2 – Processor Fundamentals & Assembly Language | 第二周：处理器基础与汇编语言
Days 15–16: Dive into the fetch-decode-execute cycle. Memorize the role of key registers: PC, MAR, MDR, CIR, ACC, IX. Describe the data path for a typical instruction.
第 15–16 天：深入取指-译码-执行周期。熟记关键寄存器的作用：程序计数器 (PC)、存储器地址寄存器 (MAR)、存储器数据寄存器 (MDR)、当前指令寄存器 (CIR)、累加器 (ACC)、变址寄存器 (IX)。描述典型指令的数据通路。
Day 17: Master assembly language for a simplified CPU. Practice writing short programs using LDR, STR, ADD, SUB, CMP, branch instructions (B, BEQ, BNE). Understand immediate, direct, and indexed addressing modes.
第 17 天：掌握简化 CPU 的汇编语言。练习使用 LDR、STR、ADD、SUB、CMP、跳转指令（B、BEQ、BNE）编写简短程序。理解立即、直接和变址寻址方式。
Day 18: Trace programs manually to determine register and memory contents after each step. Also study how interrupts are handled and how the interrupt service routine is invoked via the interrupt vector.
第 18 天：手动跟踪程序，确定每一步后的寄存器和存储器内容。同时学习中断如何处理以及如何通过中断向量调用中断服务程序。
5. Week 3 – System Software & Operating Systems | 第三周：系统软件与操作系统
Days 19–20: Review operating system functions: memory management, process scheduling, file management, and user interface. Compare utility software examples – defragmenter, backup, antivirus.
第 19–20 天：复习操作系统的功能：内存管理、进程调度、文件管理和用户界面。比较实用程序示例——磁盘碎片整理、备份、防病毒。
Day 21: Understand process scheduling algorithms (round robin, priority-based, shortest job first) and discuss their advantages. Learn about virtual memory and paging.
第 21 天：理解进程调度算法（轮转、基于优先级、最短作业优先），并讨论其优点。学习虚拟内存和分页技术。
Day 22: Explore the role of the BIOS in booting, and the use of firmware. Also cover the concept of interrupts and how the OS manages them with the interrupt vector table.
第 22 天：探索 BIOS 在启动中的作用，以及固件的使用。同时涵盖中断的概念以及操作系统如何通过中断向量表进行管理。
6. Week 3 – Security, Ethics & Ownership | 第三周：安全、道德与所有权
Day 23: Study threats: malware (virus, worm, trojan), phishing, denial of service, SQL injection. Know prevention methods: firewalls, encryption, access rights, regular updates.
第 23 天：学习威胁：恶意软件（病毒、蠕虫、木马）、网络钓鱼、拒绝服务、SQL 注入。了解预防方法：防火墙、加密、访问权限、定期更新。
Day 24: Understand encryption: symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (RSA, public/private keys). Explain how digital certificates and SSL/TLS work to secure web communications.
第 24 天：理解加密技术：对称加密（AES）和非对称加密（RSA、公钥/私钥）。解释数字证书和 SSL/TLS 如何保障网络通信安全。
Day 24 continued: Review ethical, legal, and ownership issues related to software (open
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